Doctoral Degrees (Graduate School of Business and Leadership)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10413/7377

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A phenomenological study on leaders’ experiences of sustainability in the South African mining industry.
(2024) Ramphisa, Phillip.; Gerwel., Proches, Cecile Naomi.; Taylor, Simon Michael.
The aim of this research was to investigate and explore leaders’ experiences of sustainability in the South African mining industry. Sustainability has emerged as an essential leadership concept due to the degradation of the environment and social impacts associated with mining. This study was conducted to gain an understanding of the experiences of sustainability leaders in the South African mining industry and their perceptions regarding what it means to be a sustainability leader. The experience of the challenges that sustainability leaders face as well as the approaches that they use to influence positive sustainability outcomes were also investigated.The study used a transcendental phenomenological qualitative study approach to identify leadership challenges associated with sustainability, highlight sustainability leadership successes as perceived and experienced by leaders within the SA mining industry, identify strategies leaders use to influence positive sustainability outcomes and explain the meaning of sustainability as experienced by sustainability leaders. A total of 12 executive leaders in sustainability from the South African mining industry across all commodities including gold, platinum, coal, manganese and diamonds were selected using purposive sampling to participate in the study. The views and experiences of sustainability leaders obtained through semi-structured interviews are described through individual structural descriptions. The study findings show that there are different meanings ascribed to sustainability leadership. However, the experience of the challenges pertaining to sustainability leadership amongst the leaders shows a level of commonality. These include the ability of sustainability leaders to influence positive environmental outcomes beyond their leadership roles as they deal with and rely on various stakeholders varying from mining technical teams to communities and government authorities responsible for enabling sustainable development. The experience of success from the sustainability leaders is linked to positive outcomes beyond themselves such as an improved understanding of environmental issues by the teams that they lead and community empowerment. The study is expected to make an industry contribution by advancing the understanding of sustainability and sustainable development. A sustainability leadership development framework was developed to enhance the role of leadership towards sustainable mining.
The role of the fourth industrial revolution technologies’ adoption on the competitiveness of companies in the South Durban basin.
(2025) Smith, Livingstone P.; Majola, Priscilla Xoliswa.
This research addresses the critical issue of how companies in the South Durban Basin have embraced Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) technologies and the implications for their operations and the local economy. The South Durban Basin is a significant industrial hub in South Africa, and the adoption of the 4IR technologies has both practical and theoretical implications. The purpose of this study is to assess the extent to which companies in the South Durban Basin have integrated 4IR technologies into their operations and the potential impact on their competitiveness and the broader community. The research also investigates the associated challenges and opportunities for businesses in this context. To accomplish this research objective, a mixed-method approach was employed. Data was collected from forty (40) small and mediumsized companies in qualitative research and hundred and sixty (160) small and medium-sized companies using quantitative research. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, and analysis encompassed coding, labelling, and descriptive and inferential statistics to derive meaningful insights from the gathered information. The analysis revealed that companies in the South Durban Basin have made significant strides in adopting 4IR technologies, particularly in areas such as automation, data analytics, and the Internet of Things. The research also found that these technologies have positively impacted operational efficiency, product quality, and competitiveness. However, challenges such as the digital divide, skills gaps, and infrastructure limitations have been identified as barriers to more widespread adoption of the 4IR technologies. Notably, the study encountered various limitations, including disruptions caused by major events such as the July 2021 unrest in KwaZulu-Natal and other parts of South Africa, as well as devastating floods in April 2022, leading to the closure of some businesses. Despite these challenges, the study remains valuable to various stakeholders seeking insights into the 4IR ‘s impact in the region. Companies that have successfully integrated these technologies into their operations have experienced tangible benefits. The findings of this study contribute to the broader discussion on technology adoption in industrial regions and provide insights into the South Durban Basin’s unique context.
Evaluating the performance of small, micro and medium enterprises: a case of Umkhumbane enterpreneurial support centre in metropolitan Durban.
(2023) Mkhize, Thembinkosi Geluas.; Reddy, Purshottama Sivanarain.
Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises are considered the key cornerstone of inclusive and equitable economic development worldwide. They are, however, sadly unable to meet the expected standards envisaged. This is because studies have shown that there is an alarming failure rate of SMMEs globally, and South Africa has not been exempt from this phenomenon. Numerous factors hinder the performance of SMMEs, namely insufficient access to funding, training and development, stiff competition, lack of innovation and marketing skills, crime, corruption, and bad governance. This study aimed to critically evaluate the status quo of manufacturing SMMEs supported by the Umkhumbane Entrepreneurial Support Centre (UESC) in the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality. The Penrose resource-based view (RBV) theory was considered applicable and most appropriate to evaluate the performance of the manufacturing SMMEs supported by the UESC. The study was underpinned by the interpretivism worldview adopting a qualitative research methodology and it investigated the experiences and perceptions of relevant stakeholders through semi-structured interviews. The non-probability sampling technique was employed through purposive sampling technique to select 15 informed participants who understood the activities and roles of the UESC, in eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality’s jurisdiction. The findings of the study demonstrated that the SMMEs in the UESC were survivalist and most of them employed a few low-skilled people; the majority of which were women and youth from the Umkhumbane Township and its neighbouring areas. Moreover, the study discovered that there were numerous limiting factors affecting the performance of SMMEs of the SMMEs in UESC. It was noted that insufficient access to credit and to training and development seemed to be the most important factors impacting the performance of the SMMEs in the UESC. Thus, the study recommended that government and other relevant stakeholders work together to provide a breeding ground for growth and prosperity of South African SMMEs. In terms of policy priority, those who designed the SMME policies should promote information sharing platforms to all relevant stakeholders during the planning, formulation, implementation, and monitoring and evaluation processes. This included holding meetings with communities, leaders, businesses, service providers, and research and policy institutions to design wellinformed policy frameworks.
The relationship between organisational culture, employee engagement and organisational performance in the public sector in South Africa.
(2025) Nematswerani, Ndivhoniswani.; Govender, Krishna Kistan.
This study investigates the relationship between organisational culture (OC), employee engagement (EE), and organisational performance (OP) within the South African public sector. As the country’s largest employer, the effectiveness of public institutions depends significantly on the engagement, motivation, and cultural alignment of their workforce. Despite the critical importance of these factors, limited empirical research has examined their interrelationships in the South African public sector context. This study seeks to address this gap by examining how OC influences EE and how EE, in turn, affects OP. The research adopts a positivist paradigm and employs a quantitative design, using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to test the hypothesised relationships. The primary objectives are to assess the influence of OC on EE, evaluate the impact of EE on OP, and examine the mediating role of EE in the OC–OP relationship. Secondary objectives explore the effects of leadership, communication, job involvement, organisational commitment, and employee satisfaction on engagement and performance outcomes. Although the initial sample targeted 285 employees from three public sector organisations, a total of 408 valid responses were received and included in the final analysis. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire and analysed using correlation analysis, regression analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis to assess both measurement and structural models. The findings confirm that organisational culture significantly influences employee engagement and that engagement plays a mediating role in enhancing organisational performance. The study contributes to the literature by providing empirical insights specific to the South African public sector and validating a conceptual model that links OC, EE, and OP through key contributing factors. Practical recommendations are offered to public sector leaders and managers, highlighting strategies to strengthen organisational culture and employee engagement to improve overall performance and service delivery.
A Conceptual framework for factors that influence performance of financial intermediaries in South African Insurance Sector.
(2024) Mathisa, Cedrick.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
This study set out to develop a conceptual framework aimed at understanding the key factors affecting the performance of financial intermediaries. The framework focused on various factors, including Product, Process, Price, People, Market Regulation, Market Conduct, and Market Conduct Principles, to evaluate their impact on organisational performance. Furthermore, the study identified the significance of Effectiveness Safeguards, Risk Tolerance, and Additional Safeguards in reducing risks and improving operational stability. A quantitative research design was utilised, involving 300 participants from a market conduct authority, employing correlation analysis, structural equation modeling, and logistic regression for data interpretation. The research took a positivist stance to recognise participants' perspectives and aid in the translation of results. Closeended questionnaires were distributed to a sample group of 346. The questionnaire was completed by 300 participants, yielding an 87.7% response rate. Using Cronbach's alpha to assess the reliability of these elements, the research found that Process, Price, and Risk Tolerance had strong internal consistency, while Product, People, and Market Regulation exhibited low reliability, suggesting potential measurement challenges. The findings underscored the need for refining certain safeguards and strategies to improve performance outcomes. The study concluded that a well-designed balance between these factors was essential for financial intermediaries to achieve sustainable growth and manage risks effectively. Recommendations for future research were made to refine measurement tools for accuracy and expand the framework to address emerging challenges in hedge funds, collective investment schemes and crypto assets contracts.
The strategic impact of resilience on performance optimisation of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the Manzini region, Eswatini.
(2024) Kule, Julius Warren.; Kanyangale, MacDonald.
Disruptions in the micro and business environments have highlighted the need to develop resilient capabilities to optimise the performance of SMEs. However, existing research findings on resilience remain inconclusive. This quantitative study investigated the strategic impact of resilience on the performance optimisation of SMEs in Eswatini. A gate keeper’s letter was obtained granting permission to collect data. Using a cross-sectional design, census sampling and self-administered questionnaires, data was collected from 206 owners/managers of SMEs in the Manzini region of Eswatini. Cronbach’s alpha was used to test reliability while confirmatory factor analysis was used to validate the findings. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Before the analysis, the study conducted fit indices to determine the appropriateness of the data with the selected analysis method. All fit indices showed positive results, thus allowing the analysis to proceed using structural equation modelling (SEM). Data on gender, age, highest level of education, role in the SME, number of years in role, age of the business, and whether the company is involved in planning were descriptively analysed. Five hypotheses were tested for significance in inferential statistics. Pearson’s correlation coefficient, multiple regression analysis and (SEM) via lavan package syntax from R-studio in JASP 0.18.2. Results of the study revealed a significant relationship between resilience and performance optimisation of SMEs in the Manzini region, Eswatini. The tested, integrated model showed that strategic foresight and absorptive capacity have a direct and significant relationship with performance optimisation of SMEs, while strategic orientation was determined to predict the resilience of owners/managers of SMEs. However, defender and reactor orientations were dropped for linear regression analysis because of poor factor loading. The study developed an integrated resilience model with a multi-dimensional perspective to optimise the performance of SMEs, incorporating strategic orientation, strategic foresight and absorptive capacity.The study contributes knowledge on SME resilience and performance by developing an integrative model of SME resilience. The model is useful to future researchers, policy makers, owner-managers and is recommended for adoption in Eswatini and similar contexts because of its holistic nature in understanding and creating resilience in SMEs. Future areas for research are highlighted.
An evaluation of corporate sustainability and financial performance for JSE listed companies in the food and drug retail sector = Ukuhlolwa kokusimama kwezezinkampani nokusebenza kwezezimali emkhakheni wokudayisa ukudla nemithi yokwelapha.
(2024) Gregory, Vanessa Margaret.; Chasomeris, Mihalis Georgiou.
There has been a recent influx of research into integrated reporting and the degree of sustainability reporting in such reports. South Africa has become a key country of interest following the mandating of King III application for JSE-listed companies and the literature reviewed showed that the food and drug retail sector was particularly unexplored. This Doctor of Business Administration via publication examined annual integrated reports for companies within this sector to conclude on financial performance and the prominence of corporate sustainability reporting therein. Four objectives were addressed through four separate articles: 1) To use content analyses of integrated reports to identify the purpose of a company; 2) To create an analysis technique in which company purpose and financial performance (depicted through profitability) can be portrayed concurrently to stakeholders; 3) To explore the development of integrated reporting, and 4) To quantify and analyse the degree of sustainability reporting within integrated reports. The methodology adopted a mixed methods approach using quantitative and qualitative content analysis to identify company purpose, analyse integrated report development and arrive at sustainability indices, and ratio analysis to determine company profitability. It was first confirmed that annual integrated reports presented the Entity Maximisation and Sustainability Model as the company’s purpose. Thereafter an analysis technique was created, referred to as the purpose-profitability pentagon analysis, resulting in company purpose and profitability being presented in a single setting. The composition of the integrated reports was then analysed, revealing notable shifts in their presentation, with a common decrease in financial statement information and an increase in governance, strategy and sustainability information. Finally, the calculated sustainability indices showed that sustainability information for three of the four companies (Clicks being the exception) increased, but there was room for improvement in the quality of sustainability reporting within the integrated report. The compilation of all four articles contributes to the body of knowledge on integrated reporting, sustainability reporting and profitability and has created a platform for the studies to be applied to other JSE sectors. It is recommended that other JSE sectors are analysed using these techniques for a cross-industry analysis to expand the research base. Iqoqa. Kunocwaningo oluningi muva nje mayelana nokubika okudidiyelwe kanye nokuvumelana ekubikeni. INingizimu Afrikha isiphenduke izwe elibalulekile nelithakaselwayo kulandela ukugunyazwa kwesicelo seNkosi yesithathu sokufakwa ohlwini lwezinkampani ezikwi-JSE futhi imibhalo yocwaningo ibonisa ukuthi umkhakha wokudayisa ukudla nemithi yokwelapha usangakalandelwa kakhulu. Lezi ziqu zobuDokotela kweZokuphathwa kweBhizinisi zenziwe ngokushicilela amaphepha ocwaningo ukuhlola imibiko yaminyaka yonke ehlanganisiwe yizinkampani ezingaphakathi kwalo mkhakha ukucubungula ukusebenza kwezimali kanye nokuvelela kokubika kokusimama kwebhizinisi. Ama-athikhili amane ocwaningo aveza lezi zinhloso ezine zocwaningo: 1) Ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziya okuqukethwe kwemibiko edidiyelwe ukuze kuhlonzwe inhloso yenkampani; 2) Ukwakha indlela yokuhlaziya lapho inhloso yenkampani nokusebenza kwezimali (okuboniswa ngenzuzo) kungavezwa kanyekanye kwabathintekayo; 3) Ukuhlola ukuthuthukiswa kokubika okudidiyelwe, kanye 4) nokulinganisa nokuhlaziya izinga lokubikwa kokusimama ngaphakathi kwemibiko edidiyelwe. Indlela yokwenza yamukele indlela yezindlela ezixubile kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya okuqukethwe komthamo kanye nezinga ukuze kuhlonzwe inhloso yenkampani, ukuhlaziya ukuthuthukiswa kombiko odidiyelwe futhi kufinyelelwe ezindimeni zokusimama, nokuhlaziya isilinganiso ukuze kutholwe inzuzo yenkampani. Kuqale kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi imibiko yonyaka edidiyelwe yethula indlela yokukhulisa nokuthuthukisa izinhloso zenkampani zokwakha inzuzo. Ngemva kwalokho kwasungulwa inqubo yokuhlaziya, ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhlaziya ngenhloso yokwakha inzuzo, okuholele ekutheni inhloso yenkampani kanye nenzuzo yethulwe endaweni eyodwa. Ukwakhiwa kwemibiko edidiyelwe kwabe sekuhlaziywa, kwaveza izinguquko eziphawulekayo ezethulweni zayo, nokwehla okujwayelekile kolwazi lwesitatimende sezimali kanye nokwanda kokubusa, amasu nolwazi lokusimama. Okokugcina, izinkomba zibonise ukukhula kokusimama kwezinkampani ezintathu kwezine (uClicks ungabaliwe), kodwa bekukhona isikhala sokuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokubika kokusimama ngaphakathi kombiko odidiyelwe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwawo amane amaphepha ocwaningo kweza nolwazi oluningi ukuthuthukisa ulwazi mayelana nokubika okudidiyelwe, ukubika okusimeme kanye nenzuzo futhi kuvule ithuba lokuthi lolu cwaningo lusetshenziswe kweminye imikhakha ye-JSE. Kuphakanyiswa ukuba eminye imikhakha ye-JSE ihlaziywe kusetshenziswa la masu ukuze kubhekwe izimboni ezahlukene, kwandiswe isisekelo socwaningo.
Developing a public sector leadership framework for advancing economic development in South Africa.
(2024) Sheik, Shoayb Emam.; Govender, Krishna Kistan.
Abstract available in PDF.
Information and communication technology model to enhance small-medium enterprises development using indigenous languages in Limpopo Province, South Africa = Imodeli yobuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana yokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi amancane kusetshenziswa izilimi zomdabu esifundazweni saseLimpopo, eNingizimu Afrikha.
(2023) Makgopa, Matome Samuel Fortune.; Majola, Priscilla Xoliswa.; Ngwenya, Charles Tony Simphiwe.
The Republic of South Africa has a multicultural population with 12 official languages. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are significant to the economy, especially in rural areas. The study explored the appropriation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by SMEs with the considerable utilisation of indigenous languages, the development marked by the improvement of their business and the challenges experienced. The study investigated the government's role in advancing ICT integration in SME development in Limpopo Province and how ICT can be conceived to tackle the hurdles of including indigenous languages for the progress of SMEs. A research design that incorporated both quantitative and qualitative methods was selected for this study. A purposive sampling technique was employed to gather qualitative data, which involved interviews with two SMEs in each district in the Limpopo Province, and 10 were interviewed. These SMEs had operated for at least five years. For the quantitative component of the study, 130 questionnaires were distributed to SMEs officially registered with the Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism (DEDET) in the Limpopo province. The study's findings revealed that SMEs could play a critical role in helping address the recent declines in the South African economy. However, in the Limpopo Province, the economic contribution from SMEs still needs to be increased as they currently employ very few people. The study revealed the importance of infrastructure in SME development, ICT support, and the creation of business opportunities. The barriers identified included government participation in implementing policies and legislation, a need for an information-sharing culture, siloed stakeholder collaboration, sensitive information and ineffective information technology usage. The recommendations include the need for government institutions to advance SMEs' development and sustainability while implementing indigenous languages as an essential part of business communication. This consists of implementing indigenous languages in mainstream business operations to communicate, promoting the uptake of technology and the role of the government in promoting ICT in SME development in Limpopo Province. Iqoqa. IRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu Afrikha inabantu abanamasiko amaningi nezilimi ezisemthethweni eziyi-12. Amabhizinisi Amancane Naphakathi (ama-SME) abalulekile emnothweni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ucwaningo luhlole ukwabiwa Kolwazi Nokuxhumana ngezobuchwepheshe (ICT) ngama-SMEs ngokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezilimi zomdabu, intuthuko ephawulwa ukwenziwa ngcono kwebhizinisi labo kanye nezinselelo ngolwazi. Ucwaningo luphenye iqhaza likahulumeni ekuthuthukiseni i-ICT ukuhlanganiswa ekuthuthukisweni kwama-SME esiFundazweni saseLimpopo nokuthi i-ICT ingaqanjwa kanjani ukubhekana nezithiyo zokufaka phakathi izilimi zomdabu ukuze kuthuthuke ama-SME. Idizayini yocwaningo ehlanganisa izindlela zobuningi nekhwalithi kwaba ezikhethelwe lolu cwaningo. Kusetshenziswe indlela yokusampula ehlosiwe ukuze kuqoqwe idatha yekhwalithi, okuyinto ibandakanye izingxoxo nama-SME amabili esifundeni ngasinye esiFundazweni saseLimpopo, nayi-10 kwaxoxwa nabo. Lawa ma-SME asesebenze okungenani iminyaka emihlanu. Enye ingxenye yocwaningo, imibuzo eyi-130 yasatshalaliswa kuma-SME abhaliswe ngokusemthethweni noMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho, Imvelo kanye Nezokuvakasha (DEDET) esifundazweni saseLimpopo. Okutholwe kulolu cwaningo kuveze ukuthi ama-SME angadlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni ukubhekana nokwehla komnotho kwakamuva eNingizimu Afrikha. Kodwa-ke, esiFundazweni saseLimpopo, umnikelo wezomnotho ovela kuma-SME kusadingeka unyuswe njengoba njengamanje baqashe abantu abambalwa kakhulu. Isifundo siveze ukubaluleka kwengqalasizinda ekuthuthukisweni kwama-SME, ukwesekwa kwe-ICT, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamathuba ebhizinisi. Izithiyo ezihlonziwe zihlanganisa ukubamba iqhaza kukahulumeni ekuqaliseni izinqubomgomo nemithetho, isidingo sesiko lokwabelana ngolwazi, ukusebenzisana okuvalekile nababambiqhaza, ulwazi olubucayi kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi ngendlela engasebenzi. Izincomo zihlanganisa isidingo sokuthi izikhungo zikahulumeni ziqhubekisele phambili ukuthuthukiswa nokusimama kwama-SME kuyilapho zisebenzisa izilimi zomdabu njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuxhumana kwezamabhizinisi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokusebenzisa izilimi zomdabu emisebenzini yamabhizinisi ejwayelekile ukuze kuxhunyanwe, ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kanye neqhaza likahulumeni ekukhuthazeni i-ICT ekuthuthukisweni kwama-SME esiFundazweni saseLimpopo.
A strategic leadership framework for sustainability in hotels; a case study of 5-star hotels within KwaZulu-Natal = Uhlaka lobuholi obunobuhlakani bokusimama emahhotela asezingeni lezinkanyezi ezi-5 KwaZulu-Natali.
(2023) Motsamai, Ntombifuth Angel.; Mutambara, Emmanuel.
As the global hospitality industry faces increasing pressure to address environmental and social sustainability concerns, this research explores the development of a Strategic Leadership Framework tailored to the unique challenges and opportunities within 5-star hotels in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. This study employed a comprehensive case study approach, drawing insights from a selection of ten (10) luxury hotels in the region. The primary objective of this research was to offer a holistic understanding of the sustainability practices and challenges encountered by high-end hotels within the context of KwaZulu-Natal province. It also sought to identify the strategic leadership attributes and practices that contribute to successful sustainability initiatives within these establishments. The study encompassed various dimensions of sustainability, including environmental conservation, social responsibility, and economic viability, acknowledging the intricate interplay between these factors. Methodologically, this study employed a qualitative approach for data collection and analysis utilised purposive sampling to select 20 participants with in-depth exposure and experience in the hotel industry. Interviews were used for data collection, generating rich and contextually embedded data. Thematic analysis was employed for data analysis, identifying recurring patterns, concepts, and insights related to hotel industry within KwaZulu-Natal province. The research findings highlight the multifaceted nature of sustainability in 5-star hotels, underlining the importance of strategic leadership in navigating complex sustainability challenges. This framework identifies key leadership attributes such as vision, innovation, stakeholder engagement, and strategic planning, which are essential for fostering sustainability-oriented organisational cultures. The implications of this research extend beyond the borders of KwaZulu-Natal, serving as a valuable reference for luxury hotels worldwide aiming to enhance their sustainability performance. The study ultimately contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable practices within the hospitality industry, offering a roadmap for strategic leadership that can help hotels balance environmental stewardship, social responsibility, and profitability in an increasingly conscious and competitive market. Iqoqa. Njengoba imboni yezokwamukela izihambi emhlabeni wonke ibhekene nengcindezi ekhulayo yokubhekana nokukhathazeka kwemvelo nokusimama komphakathi, lolu cwaningo luhlola ukuthuthukiswa Kohlaka Lweqhinga Lobuholi olwakhelwe izinselele namathuba ayingqayizivele ngaphakathi kwamahhotela asezingeni lezinkanyezi ezi-5 esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali, eNingizimu Afrikha. Lolu cwaningo lusebenzise indlela ebanzi yocwaningo oluyisibonelo, luveza imininingwane kumahhotela aphambili ayishumi (10) esifundeni. Inhlosongqangi yalolu cwaningo bekuwukunikeza ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinqubo zokusimama nezinselelo amahhotela asezingeni eliphezulu ahlangabezana nazo esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali. Iphinde yafuna ukuhlonza izici zobuholi bamasu kanye nezinqubo ezifaka isandla ezinhlelweni eziphumelelayo zokusimama ngaphakathi kwalezi zikhungo. Lolu cwaningo beluhlanganisa izilinganiso ezihlukene zokusimama, okuhlanganisa ukongiwa kwemvelo, umthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi, kanye nokuba namandla kwezomnotho, okuvuma ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwalezi zici. Ngokwendlela yokwenza, lolu cwaningo lusebenzise indlela esezingeni eliphezulu yokuqoqwa kwedatha nokuhlaziya okusetshenziswe amasampuli okuhlosiwe ukuze kukhethwe ababambiqhaza abangu-20 abanolwazi olujulile nolwazi embonini yamahhotela. Izingxoxiswano zisetshenziselwa ukuqoqwa kwedatha, ukukhiqiza idatha enothile negxiliswe ngokomongo. Kwasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya okuphathelene nendikimba ukuze kuhlaziywe idatha, kuhlonzwe amaphethini avelayo, imiqondo, kanye nemininingwane ehlobene nemboni yamahhotela esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali. Okutholwe ocwaningweni kugqamisa isimo esinezici eziningi sokusimama kwamahhotela asezingeni lezinkanyezi ezi-5, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kobuholi obunamasu ekuzuzeni izinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi zokusimama. Lolu hlaka luhlonza izici zobuholi ezibalulekile njengombono, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukusebenzelana nababambiqhaza, kanye nokuhlelwa kwamasu, okubalulekile ekukhuthazeni amasiko enhlangano agxile ekusimameni. Imithelela yalolu cwaningo idlulela ngale kwemingcele yaKwaZulu-Natali, isebenze njengesethenjwa esibalulekile samahhotela aphambili emhlabeni wonke okuhloswe ngawo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo okuqhubekayo. Ucwaningo lugcine lubambe iqhaza enkulumweni eqhubekayo yezinqubo ezisimeme ngaphakathi kwemboni yokwamukela izihambi, enikeza umhlahlandlela wobuholi obunesu obungasiza amahhotela ukuthi alinganisele ukunakekela indawo ezungezile, imithwalo yemfanelo yomphakathi, kanye nokwenza inzuzo emakethe eqaphelayo nencintisanayo.
Paradigm shift in South African medical education: a management model for decentralised training in KwaZulu-Natal.
(2023) Mqadi, Nonhlanhla Precious.; Nzimakwe, Thokozani Ian.
Abstract available in PDF.
Exploration of enablers and barriers of strategy alignment within state-owned enterprises in KwaZulu-Natal.
(2023) Chamane, Ziphathele Harold.; Kanyangale, MacDonald.
Abstract available in PDF.
Livestock identification and tracking system for controlling livestock theft: case study of South Africa.
(2024) Mzingelwa, Mpho.; Mutula, Stephen.
This thesis explores livestock theft problem within the South Africa context, focusing on cattle, sheep, and goats, and evaluates the potential of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) to address this critical problem. Conventional identification and tracking methods are currently ineffective, prompting the need for ICT based solutions. Despite calls for ICT intervention, no comprehensive conceptual model exists for South Africa. This study aims to fill this gap by proposing an ICT-based national livestock identification and tracking system to control livestock theft in South Africa. Utilizing Actor-Network Theory and a qualitative approach, the research includes interviews and questionnaires with stakeholders such as farmers, police, and stock theft forums. The study also integrates secondary data and literature, supported by a Scoping Review, snowball strategy, PRISMA method, and CASP framework. Data analysis employed thematic and content analysis techniques. Findings reveal that livestock theft networks are well-organized, highlighting the need of a unified national ICT based solution to combat livestock theft. The study identifies several potential ICT tools such as mobile phones, biometric technology, radio and TV broadcasting, camera traps, cloud computing, and drones as viable solutions. The proposed conceptual model of a national livestock identification and tracking system features two modules: retinal pattern-based biometric identification and three tracking methods. A Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) framework was used to present the conceptual model for the proposed system. Recommendations emphasize the need for collaboration among stakeholders, including the Department of Agriculture, South African Police Service, and State Information Technology Agency. Limitations include a focus on the top ten livestock theft-hotspots and reliance on secondary data, with suggestions for future research to involve direct data collection from additional informants and explore how perpetrators use ICTs. The study contributes empirical insights and presents a practical model for controlling livestock theft through ICTs, along with a business case for its implementation. Future research should address the political implications and technical details of the ICT solution, as the current study does not cover the implementation process.
Exploring how the emotional intelligence-social capital nexus in academics impacts third stream income: a case study of University of KwaZulu-Natal.
(2023) Reddy, Devendren Vengatas.; Proches, Cecile Naomi Gerwel.; Moodley, Thiruveni.
South African universities have been facing financial challenges brought about by the legacy of the apartheid education system. The higher education system is looking for solutions to manage the financial sustainability of institutions. The aim of the study was to determine whether the emotional intelligence and social capital nexus in academics has an impact on attitudes towards third stream income at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN). Third stream income draws on commercial practice to raise income through consultancy, commercialisation of research, philanthropy and the creation of public private partnerships. A challenge facing institutions is getting academics to participate in third stream income because they are consumed with academic responsibilities of teaching, learning and research. Literature review was conducted, which included the development of a mini case study of UKZN based on the 2017- 2021 strategic plan and factors that impacted third stream income generation at the university. The thesis used the four-dimensional theory of emotional intelligence model of Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee (Goleman et al., 2002:47) and the three-dimensional model of social capital (Nahapiet and Ghoshal, 1998). This thesis used a sequential exploratory mixed-methods case study methodology. The qualitative part of the study comprised 13 interviews and two focus group interviews. The quantitative part of the study was based on 100 respondents who participated in an online questionnaire. The qualitative data analysis used a thematic analysis, and the quantitative data analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics 26.0 software. The study found a strong relationship between the emotional intelligence – social capital nexus and attitudes towards third stream income. The study recommends the construction of a coaching framework to develop the participation of academics at UKZN in third stream income. Further research is required on the impact of how emotional intelligence can be used to grow social capital in academia. These studies may look at what the motivators are for academics to participate in third stream income generation and how to promote academic benevolence to promote increased social capital to support third stream income generation.
Re-conceptualizing fiscal decentralization framework to improve service delivery: a case of uMgungundlovu District Municipality = Ukucabanga kabusha ngohlaka lokuhlukaniswa kwezimali ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulethwa kwezinsizakalo: Udaba lukaMasipala Wesifunda WaseMgungundlovu.
(2023) Msomi, Buhlebakhe.; Nzimakwe, Thokozani Ian.
This research explored the concept of fiscal decentralisation by proposing a comprehensive framework tailored to the unique context of the uMgungundlovu District Municipality. Fiscal decentralisation, a pivotal component of effective governance, aims to redistribute financial authority and responsibility between higher-level governments and local authorities. This research aimed to redefine the fiscal decentralisation framework within the uMgungundlovu District Municipality, with a focus on crafting a comprehensive model that accommodates the distinctive socio-economic and political intricacies of the region. The research problem stems from the absence of a customized fiscal decentralisation framework tailored to the nuances of the district, as the conventional one-size-fits-all approach to fiscal decentralisation seem to fall short in effectively addressing the unique challenges faced by uMgungundlovu. In doing so, it sought to address the research problem of how fiscal decentralisation can be effectively structured and implemented to promote local development and efficient resource allocation. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study utilised purposive sampling to select 19 participants with in-depth knowledge and experience in local governance and fiscal matters. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse these qualitative data, identifying recurring patterns, concepts, and insights related to fiscal decentralisation within uMgungundlovu District Municipality. The findings underscore the need for community participation in fiscal decision-making, emphasizing the need for a re-conceptualized framework that empowers both local governments and actively involves communities in budgetary discussions. The findings thus stressed the importance of capacity building and institutional strengthening at the local level, addressing challenges in human resources, financial management, and technological infrastructure. The research recommends targeted interventions to enhance local government capabilities. Moreover, it contributes to the theoretical foundations of fiscal decentralization by promoting a context-specific approach, incorporating community perspectives, and offering practical guidance for policymakers to design and implement effective policies aligned with the realities of local governance. Based on the study's outcomes, it is recommended that uMgungundlovu District Municipality develop a clear and inclusive fiscal decentralisation framework tailored to its unique socio-economic context. This framework should address issues of revenue generation, allocation, and expenditure, while also emphasising mechanisms for transparent governance and community involvement. Iqoqa. Lolu cwaningo luhlolisisa umqondo wokuhlukaniswa kwezimali ngokuhlongoza uhlaka oluphelele olwenzelwe umongo oyingqayizivele kaMasipala Wesifunda WaseMgungundlovu. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezimali, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokubusa ngempumelelo, kuhloswe ngako ukusabalalisa kabusha igunya lezezimali nomthwalo phakathi kohulumeni abasezingeni eliphakeme neziphathimandla zendawo. Ngalolu cwaningo kuhloswe ukuchaza kabusha uhlaka lokuhlukaniswa kwezimali kuMasipala Wesifunda WaseMgungundlovu, ngokugxila ekwakheni imodeli ebanzi efaka ezenhlalo nezomnotho ezihlukile kanye nezombusazwe zesifunda. Inkinga evezwa wucwaningo ngeyokuthi ukungabi khona kohlaka lokuhlukaniswa kwezimali olwakhelwe izinto ezibhekene nesifunda, njengoba indlela ejwayelekile yokungahlukaniswa kwezimali ibonakala ingaphumeleli ekusingatheni ngempumelelo izinselele eziyingqayizivele uMgungundlovu obhekene nazo. Ngokwenza njalo, ucwaningo lufuna ukubhekana nenkinga yocwaningo yokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwezimali kungahlelwa futhi kusetshenziswe kanjani ngempumelelo ukuze kugqugquzelwe intuthuko endaweni futhi kwabiwe izinsiza ngempumelelo. Ngokulandela indlela yocwaningo yekhwalithethivu, ucwaningo lusebenzise amasampula akhethwe ngenhloso ukuqoka ababambiqhaza abayi-19 abanolwazi olujulile nesipiliyoni ezindabeni zezezimali kohulumeni bendawo. Ukuhlaziywa kwendikimba kwenziwelwa ukuhlaziya le mininingo yekhwalithethivu, ukuhlonza amaphethini aphindaphindayo, imiqondo, kanye nemibono ehlobene nokuhlukaniswa kwezikhwama zikaMasipala Wesifunda WaseMgungundlovu. Okutholakele kugcizelela isidingo sokubamba iqhaza komphakathi ekuthathweni kwezinqumo kwezezimali, okugcizelela isidingo sohlaka olucatshangelwe kabusha olunika amandla ohulumeni bendawo futhi lubandakanye kakhulu imiphakathi ezingxoxweni zesabelomali. Ngakho-ke, okutholakele kwagcizelela ukubaluleka kokwakhiwa kwamakhono nokuqiniswa kwezikhungo ezingeni lendawo, ukubhekana nezinselelo emisebenzini yezabasebenzi, ukuphathwa kwezimali, kanye nengqalasizinda yezobuchwepheshe. Ucwaningo luncoma ukungenelela okuhlosiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe amakhono ohulumeni bendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomthelela ezisekelweni zenkolelombono yokuhlukaniswa kwesikhwama semali ngokukhuthaza indlela eqondene nomongo, ukuhlanganisa imibono yomphakathi, nokunikeza abenzi bezinqubomgomo umhlahlandlela osebenzayo wokuklama nokuqala ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo eziphumelelayo ezihambisana namaqiniso kohulumeni bendawo. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo, kunconywa ukuthi uMasipala Wesifunda WaseMgungundlovu usungule uhlaka olucacile nolungabandlululi lokuhlukaniswa kwezikhwama zemali olwenzelwe umongo walo oyingqayizivele wezenhlalo nezomnotho. Lolu hlaka kufanele lubhekane nezinkinga zokukhiqizwa kwemali engenayo, ukwabiwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali, kanti futhi lugcizelela izindlela zokubusa okusobala nokubandakanyeka komphakathi.
Advancing gross farming income sustainability of smallholder farmers in the Free State Province, South Africa.
(2023) Moloabi, Badiri Victor Motlhabani.; Yalezo, Bhasela.
The study aimed at advancing the Gross Farming Income (GFI) sustainability of smallholder farmers in Free State province (FS), South Africa (SA). While the official GFI in SA has experienced substantial growth over a number of years(DAFF, 2019b), its real value was on the decline, as its contribution to the agricultural value-added share of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) declined from 4,2% in 1994 to 1,9% in 2019 and resulting in a lag of 2.3% compared to the global average (DALRR, 2020a). The current GFI of the smallholder farmers in FS was also, low, and declining, with calculations showing similar trends to the national measurements. As the main source of income for farming households including smallholder farmers, it was on the decline from 2,7% in 2018, to 2,5% in 2019, 2,3% in 2020 and 2% in 2021 (Stats SA, 2019a, 2020c, 2021, 2022a). The study utilised a mixed methods approach. Data was collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews of 385 respondents, identifying detailed research questions, from the main and related objectives, and analysing these using descriptive, univariate, bivariate and multivariate techniques. The quantitative analysis phase indicated significant association of demographic and farming practice determinants, with the GFI of smallholders, while the qualitative analysis phase showed a significant association of the GFI, with strategies to commercialise, skills development support programmes and current sustainability practices linked to GFI models and frameworks. The study findings and results suggest a GFI Sustainability Framework and Model in FS, with farmers employing different farming practices, primarily growing vegetables for consumption and local sales, by diversifying their products, improving market connections, strengthening community ties, and using better record-keeping practices. The study recommends: policy-based and farm-level strategies with the positive implications of enhancing the economic well-being of smallholder farmers, creating more job opportunities, enhancing infrastructure, and facilitating market access. Iqoqa. Ucwaningo lwaluhlose ukuthuthukisa ukusimama kweSamba Esiphelele Semali Engenayo Kwezolimo, iGross Farming Income (GFI) kubalimi bamapulazi amancane eSifundazweni saseFree State (FS), eSouth Africa (SA). Nakuba i-GFI esemthethweni e-SA ibe nokukhula okukhulu eminyakeni eminingi (DAFF, 2019b), inani layo langempela lalehla, njengoba igalelo layo engxenyeni eyengeziwe yezolimo yoMkhiqizo Wezwe Ophelele Wonyaka, iGross Domestic Product (GDP) lehlile kusuka ema-4,2% ngowe-1994 kuya ema-1,9% ngowezi-2019 nokwaholela ekusaleleni emuva ngama-2.3% uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso somhlaba wonke (DALRR, 2020a). I-GFI yamanje yabalimi abancane e-FS nayo iphansi, futhi iyancipha, izibalo ziveza ukuthambekela okufanayo nezilinganiso zikazwelonke. Njengoba umthombo onqala wemali engenayo emindenini yabalimi ubandakanya nabalimi abancane, wancipha usuka ema-2,7% ngowezi-2018, waya ema-2,5% ngowezi-2019, ema-2,3% ngowezi-2020 nasema-2% ngowezi-2021 (Stats SA, 2019a, 2020c, 2021, 2022a). Ucwaningo lwasebenzisa uhlelo lwezindlela ezixubile. Imininingo yaqoqwa ngamaphephamibuzo nangezingxoxo ezihleliwe zababambiqhaza abangama-385, ukuhlonza imibuzo yocwaningo eningiliziwe, kusuka ezinhlosweni ezinqala nezihlobene, nokuhlaziya lokhu kusetshenziswa izindlela ezichazayo, ezihlangene, ezivivayo nezinhlobonhlobo. Isigaba sokuhlaziywa kobungako sabonisa ukuhambisana okuphawulekayo kwezimbangela zokuhleleka kwabantu nokulima kwabo kanye ne-GFI yabalimi bamapulazi amancane, kanti ngakulolu olunye uhlangothi isigaba sokuhlaziywa kobungako saveza ukuhlangana okuphawulekayo kwe-GFI, namasu okuhweba, izinhlelo zokusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kanye nezindlela zamanje zokusimama ezixhunywe kumamodeli nezinhlaka ze-GFI. Okutholakele ocwaningweni kanye nemiphumela kuphakamisa uHlaka neModeli Yokusimamisa i-GFI eFree State, lapho abalimi besebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulima, ikakhulukazi ukutshala imifino ezodliwa nezodayiswa endaweni, ngokwenza imikhiqizo yabo ibe ngehlukahlukene, ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kwezimakethe, ukuqinisa ubudlelwane nemiphakathi, nokusebenzisa izindlela ezingcono zokugcina amarekhodi. Ucwaningo luncoma: amasu ancike kunqubomgomo nakwezamapulazi anemiphumela emihle yokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yezomnotho yabalimi bamapulazi amancane, ukudala amathuba emisebenzi eyengeziwe, ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda, nokwenza kube lula ukufinyelela ezimakethe.
A conceptual framework to address challenges facing female-owned agricultural cooperatives in Pietermaritzburg.
(2023) Ndlovu, Silindile Goodness.; Nzimakwe, Thokozani Ian.
The study investigated challenges encountered by small to medium-scale (primary to secondary level) female cooperatives in the agricultural sector in Pietermaritzburg. This research aimed to assess the challenges encountered by female entrepreneurs in the small to medium-scale agricultural sector in Pietermaritzburg in KwaZulu-Natal to present a conceptual framework to address the challenges encountered by female owned agricultural cooperatives in Pietermaritzburg. A qualitative methodology generated an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under study. The researcher’s target population in this study was female owned cooperative enterprises in the agricultural sector in Pietermaritzburg. The sample for the study was selected through the purposive sampling method. Only 20 female-owned cooperatives out of 306 in the agricultural sector in Pietermaritzburg participated in the study. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect data on the challenges facing female entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector in Pietermaritzburg. Ten primary-level female-owned cooperatives and ten secondary-level female-owned cooperatives were selected to participate. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Study findings revealed that a lack of access to sufficient and productive land for expansion; a lack of skills; a demand for legal and regulatory frameworks; a lack of capital and markets and the issue of collateral availability; a lack of government support, a lack of infrastructure, a gap in understanding business culture; and poor value chain organisation affect female entrepreneurs in the small to medium-scale agricultural sector. These constraints presented a framework of barriers for female entrepreneurs in the small to medium-scale agricultural sector that must be addressed. This conceptual framework can be used towards the empowerment of women as a prerequisite for achieving inclusive growth or for promoting their services from primary to secondary cooperative level within the formal sector of the economy. Iqoqa Lolu cwaningo luhlole izingqinamba izinhlangano zabesifazane ezincane neziphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu emkhakheni wezolimo ePietermaritzburg ezibhekene nazo. Lolu cwaningo lwaluhlose ukuhlola ukuthi zingakanani izingqinamba ababhekene nazo emkhakheni wezolimo osomabhizinisi besifazane abanamapulazi amancane naphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu ePietermaritzburg KwaZulu-Natali, ukuze lwethule uhlaka olucatshangelwe oluzosiza ekubhekaneni nalezo zingqinamba ezihlangabezana nazo izinhlangano zezolimo zabesifazane ePietermaritzburg. Kwasetshenziswa indlela eyikhwalithethivu ukuze kuqondwe kabanzi le ndaba ecwaningwayo. Kulolu cwaningo, umcwaningi ubegxile kubabambiqhaza abangabesifazane emkhakheni wezolimo ePietermaritzburg. Isampula locwaningo bekungolwenhloso. Zingama-20 kuphela izinhlangano zobambiswano zabesifazane kwezingama-306 emkhakheni wezolimo ePietermaritzburg ezibambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo. Kusetshenziswe izingxoxo ezijulile ezisakuhleleka ukuze kuqoqwe imininingo emayelana nezingqinamba ababhekene nazo osomabhizinisi besifazane emkhakheni wezolimo ePietermaritzburg. Kwakhethwa izinhlangano zobambiswano zabesifazane eziyishumi ezisesigabeni sokuqala kanye neziyishumi ezakhiwa yizinhlangano zabesifazane ezisesigabeni esesithe thuthu ukuba zibambe iqhaza. Kwasetshenziswa ukuhluza ngokwezindikimba ukuhlaziya imininingo. Okutholakale kulolu cwaningo kwembula ukuthi ukuntuleka komhlaba owanele nokhiqizayo ukuze kukhuliswe ibhizinisi; ukuntuleka kwamakhono; izidingo zezinhlaka zezomthetho nezokulawula; ukuntuleka kwezimali nezimakethe okuzodayiswa kuzo nenkinga yokungabi nezibambiso ezingasetshenziselwa ukuboleka; ukuntuleka komxhaso kahulumeni, ukuntuleka kwezingqalasizinda, ukungakuqondi kahle ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi; nendlela yokusebenza kwebhizinisi lezolimo engahleliwe kahle kuba nemiphumela engemihle kosomabhizinisi besifazane abanamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu emkhakheni wezolimo. Lezi zithiyo zethula uhlaka lwezingqinamba okumele kubhekwane nazo zosomabhizinisi besifazane bamabhizinisi amancane kuya kwaphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu emkhakheni wezolimo. Lolu hlaka olutuswayo lungasetshenziselwa ukukwenza kube yimfuneko yokuqala ukufukula abesifazane, ukuze kube nokukhula okubandakanya wonke umuntu noma ukuqhakambisa imisebenzi yabo kusukela esigabeni samabhizinisi obambiswano aqalisayo kanye nalawo asethe thuthu ayizinhlangano ezibambisene emkhakheni wezamabhizinisi abhalisiwe.
Managing stakeholder complexities: a model to curb project cost overruns in the construction industry in South Africa=Ukulawula ubunkimbinkimbi kwalabo abanesabelo: Imodeli yokuthiba izindleko zephrojekthi ezigijimela phambili embonini yokwakha eNingizimu Afrika.
(2022) Nyathi, Moses.; Proches, Cecile Naomi.; Taylor, Simon Michael.
Project cost overruns present major economic problems for financiers, governments, clients, companies, the supply chain, and the community. Meeting the project’s budget is one of the major objectives in completing a project successfully, and the exhaustion of finances may result in project discontinuation. It is alarming that previous and current studies have shown on-going project cost overruns within the construction industry. Joint project interdependency complexities between diverse project stakeholders in the project life cycle are implicated as one of the major causes of project budget overruns. However, there has been limited research and available literature on project stakeholder complexities' impact on the project budget within the South African construction industry. Therefore, this study focused on project-stakeholder cost overruns causes and established the extent to which construction project managers can effectively and efficiently liaise with stakeholders to curb stakeholder complexities and cost overruns. Construction project managers registered with the Construction Professional board participated in this study. The mixed method research approach was employed for this study by integrating both quantitative and qualitative research paradigms in data collection and analysis to draw inferences. A quantitative research approach focused on positivism paradigm, which utilises mathematical procedures and methods to statically explain the research phenomena. A qualitative research approach focused on interpretivism paradigm, which draws research phenomena understanding, emanating from numerous behavioural trends, processes, reflections, cultural and social contexts. Concurrent triangulation design was used by simultaneously collecting and discussing quantitative and qualitative approaches, aimed to better understand the study of interest by comparing and contrasting study findings to produce well-validated conclusions. Here, online questionnaires and structured interviews were the applied data collection techniques guided by a pragmatism philosophical worldview. One-hundred and fifty-two online questionnaires were completed and analysed, using SPSS to obtain quantitative data. To obtain qualitative data, thirteen interviewees participated and NVivo was used to analyse transcribed responses. The findings showed that the number of projects completed and scope changes, are central to stakeholders-related complexities contributing to budget overruns. Furthermore, the findings showed that factors comprising incompetency, local community strikes or unrest, market conditions, South African regulatory framework, reworks and contract misunderstanding, significantly contribute to project budget overruns. An iterative project-stakeholder budget overrun mitigation model was developed, and a template incorporating all the stages of the construction project life cycle was included, which will be jointly used to alleviate project-stakeholder budget overruns. Iqoqo Izindleko zephrojekthi ezigijima phambili ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezikhona njengamanje kwabanikezela ngemali, ohulumeni, amakilayenti namabhizinisi. Ukubhekana nesabelomali sephrojekthi yikhona okuyizinhloso ezinkulu ekuqedeni iphrojekthi ngempumelelo kanye nokuqedwa amandla kwezimali okungaholela ekungaqhubekini kwephrojekthi. Kuyethusa ukuthi ocwaningweni olwedlule nolwamanje lukhombisa ukwedlulela kwezindleko eziqhubekayo zephrojekthi phakathi embonini yokwakha. Ubunkimbinkimbi obuhlangene nephrojekthi encikene phakathi kwabehlukene abathintekayo bephrojekthi kumzungezompilo wephrojekthi ongena njengenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokwedlulela kwesabelomali sephrojekthi. Nakuba kunocwaningo olungenele nokubuyekezwa kwemibhalo okutholakele kumthelela wobunkimbinkimbi kwabathintekayo bephrojekthi kusabelomali yephrojekthi embonini yokwakha eNingizimu Afrika. Ngakho-ke, lolu cwaningo lugxile ekwedluleleni kwezimbangela zezindleko zabathintekayo kuyiphrojekthi nokwakhiwa kwezinga abaphathi bamaphrojekthi ezokwakha abangasebenzisana ngayo kahle nabathintekayo ukuze kuthitshwe ubunkimbinkimbi kwabathintekayo nokwedlulela kwezindleko. Abaphathi bamaphrojekthi ezokwakha babhalise nebhodi Labafundele Ukwakha, iConstruction Professional board ababambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo. Lolu cwaningo lwalandela indlelakwenza yocwaningo endlelangxube kwaphinde kwsetshenziswa zombili izinjulalwazi eyocwaningobunjalo botho neyocwaningozinombolo ngenkathi kuqoqwa imininingo kanye nokuhlaziya ukuze kutholakale umqondo. Indlelakwenza yocwaningozinombolo yayigxile kwinjulalwazi iphozithivizimu, eyayisebenzisa izinkambiso zezibalo nezindlela ukuze ichaze ngokwezibalomidanti okuvelayo kocwaningo. Indlelakwenza yocwaningo locwaningo lobunjalo botho yayigxile kuyinjulalwazi yomhumusho, eholela ekuqondeni okuvezwa ucwaningo, okuvela ezinkambisweni eziningi zokuziphatha, izinqubo, ukubuyiseleka, izimo zenhlalo nesiko. Isifanekisomumo sendlelakwenza yocwaningo engxube eyenzeka sikhathisinye yasetshenziswa kanye kanye kuqoqwa kubuye kuxoxiswane ngezindlelakwenza zocwaningozinombolo nocwaningo lobunjalo botho, kuhloswe ukuqonda kangcono okuthandwa ucwaningo kuqhathaniswa kubuye kufananiswe okutholwe ucwaningo ukuze kukhiqizwe isiphetho esiqinisekile. Lapha kwasetshenziswa uhlu lwemibuzo lwe-inthanethi kanye nezimposambuzo ezisakuhleleka okwakungamaqhingakwenza asetshenziselwa ukuqoqa imininingo aqondiswa ukubukajikelele ngobunzululwazi bendlelakubuka yenjulalwazi yokungenzeka. Uhlu lwemibuzo lwe-inthanethi oluyikhulu namashumi amahlanu nambili lwagcwaliswa lwaphinde lwahlaziywa kusetshenziswa iSPSS ukuze kutholakale imininingo yocwaningozinombolo. Ukuze kutholakale imininingo yocwaningo lobunjalo botho, ababamba iqhaza babuzwa imibuzo baba ishumi nantathu lapho kwasetshenziswa iNVivo ukuhlaziya izimpendulo zokuloba okuqoshiwe. Okwtholwa ucwaningo kwakhombisa inani lamaphrojekthi aqedwa kanye nezinguqo zomklamo okuyikhona kungumongo kubunkimbinkimbi obuhlobene nathintekayo kwaneqhaza ekwedluleleni kwesabelomali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okwatholwa ucwaningo lwakhombisa izimo eziqukethe ezingenalo ikhono, iziteleka zendawo noma imibhikisho, izimo zezimakethe. Uphiko olushaya imithetho lwaseNingizimu Afrika, lusebenza kabusha luphinde lwakhe ukungaqondi, okuneqhaza ekwedluleleni kwesabelomali sephrojekthi. Kwasungulwa isabelomali sabathintekayo bephrojekthi ephindaphindekayo kokwedlulela kwimodeli yokuthambisa kuthambisa, kanye nokufakwa kwethemplethi ehlanganisa zonke izigaba zomjikelezo wempilo yephrojekthi yokwakha, ezazizostshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela ukudambisa ukwedlulela kwesabelomali sabathintekayo bephrojekthi.
Developing an intelligence and security framework to counteract insurance fraud in the low income sector. The case of Zimbabwe=Ukwakha ubuhlakani nohlaka lwezokuphepha ukuze kuphikiswane nokukhwaniswa komshwayilense endaweni yabahola kancane. Ucwaningo luzokwenzelwa eZimbabwe .
(2022) Nyangoni, Soul.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
This study explores avenues to develop a security and intelligence framework to counteract insurance fraud in the low-income sector in Zimbabwe. Insurance fraud, a threat to both national security and performance of the micro insurance industry, offering insurance services to low-income earners in Zimbabwe. The examination stretches from the causes of micro-insurance fraud to measures that can be fused with security intelligence to combat micro-insurance fraud. The framework of this study was a quantitative study, following stratified random sampling of three hundred and twenty-six participants. A structured questionnaire was deployed to collect primary data and complemented by interviews, focus groups and document inspection. The association between causes of insurance fraud, organised criminal syndicates, and low-income earners were investigated using structural equation modelling. The primary objective was to identify factors that enhance insurance fraud and measure the significance and causal effect of the identified variables. The response postulated that there are internal and external factors amongst them poor internal controls, lack of investment in artificial intelligence and poor human capital management systems which are being explored by organised crime syndicates to peddle micro insurance fraud. The internal and external factors work as an integrated front and the absence of one factor may negatively affect the decision to continue with the crime. In that regard, this study recommended the CEPSI strategy. The acronym CEPSI abbreviates for Customers, Employees, Participation, Systems and Intelligence and this is meant to overhaul microinsurance service provider’s operating systems. Conclusions were reached after synchronisation of primary and secondary data with research objectives. The CEPSI approach provide insurance firms with capabilities to detect, prevent, sanction, investigate, and remediate insurance fraud in the low-income sector of Zimbabwe. The focus is to equip the micro-insurance service providers with proactive capabilities meant to detect and thwart insurance fraud amongst policyholders, employees and organised crime syndicates by designing internal security measures fused with artificial intelligence to detect insurance fraud, educating the general public with regards to threats and consequences of insurance fraud and also working in liaison with security intelligence apparatus. Iqoqo Lolu cwaningo luzohlola imigudu yokwakha uhlaka lobuhlakani kanye nezokuphepha ukuze kuphikiswane nokukhwabaniswa kwemishwayilense endaweni yabahola kancane eZimbabwe. Ukukhwabaniswa komshwalense, ukusabisa kukho kokubili ezokuphepha kuzwelonke kanye nokusebenza kwemboni zomshwalense esencane, ukunikezela komsebenzi womshwalense kulabo abahola kancane eZimbabwe. Ukuhlola kuyodlulela nasezimbangeleni zokukhwabaniswa komshwalense okuncane kuye ezilinganisweni ezingahlanganiswa nobuhlakani bezokuphepha ukuze kuqedwe ukukhwabaniswa komshwalense omncane. Uhlaka lwalolu cwaningo kwakungolocwaningozinombolo, lulandela ukuqoka ngokohlelomkhakha okungahlelekile kwababambiqhaza abangamakhulu amathathu namashumi amabili nesithupha. Kwasetshenziswa uhlu lwemibuzo oluhleliwe ukuqoqa imininingo yokuqala kwahlanganiswa nezimposambuzo, amaqoqo azocwaningwa kanye nokuhlola imibhalo. Ukuhlobana phakathi kwezimbangela zokukhwabaniswa komshwalense, izinhlangano zobugebengu obuhleliwe kanye nabahola imali encane baphenywa kusetshenziswa imodelingi yesibalokulingana sesakhiwo. Inhlosongqangi yocwaningo kwakungukuhlonza izimo ezinokuthuthukisa ukukhwabaniswa komshwalense kanye nesilinganisi esimqoka nomphumela wamavariyebuli ahlonziwe. Impendulo yabeka ngokuyiqiniso ukuthi kunezimo zangaphandle nezangaphakathi phakathi kwezilawuli zangaphakathi ezimbi, ukungabibikho kophenyo kubuhlakani obungaziveleli kanye nezihlelo zokuphathwa kwengqalabhizinisi yabantu abaswele yahlolwa izinhlangano zobugebengu ezihlelelwe ukuthengisa ngokukhwabaniswa komshwalense osemncane. Izimo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zibonakala zisebenza ngokuhlanganyela kodwa ngokungabibikho kwesimo esisodwa kungasiphazamisa kakhulu izinqumo sokuqhubeka nobugebengu. Ngaleyo ndlela, lolu cwaningo lwancoma isu iCEPSI. Isifinyezo iCEPSI sifinyeza Abathengi, Izisebenzi, Ukubamba iqhaza, Izinhlelo noBuhlakanikanti lokhu kwenzelwe ukulungisa kabusha izinhlelo zokusebenza kwabanikeza umsebenzi wemishwalense emincane. Kwafinyelelwa esiphethweni ngemuva kokuvumelanisa umniningo wokuqala nowesibili kanye nezinhloso zocwaningo. Indlela iCEPSI yanikezela ngamafemu omshwalense anokukwazi ukuthola, ukugwema, isijeziso, ukuphenya kanye nokulungisa ukukhwabaniswa komshwayilense endaweni yabahola kancane eZimbabwe. Okwakugxilwe kukho ukuhlomisa abancane abanikezela ngomsebenzi wokukhwabanisa umshwalense abanokukwazi ukuthola kanye nokuvimba ukukhwabaniswa komshwalense phakathi kwabanikazi benqubomgomo, izisebenzi kanye nezinhlangano zobugebengu obuhleliwe ngokuthi kusungulwe izinyathelo zokuphepha zangaphakathi zihlanganiswe nezobuhlakani obenziwe ukuze kutholwe ukukhwabaniswa komshwalense, ukufundiswa komphakathi owejwayelekile mayelana nokwesabisa kanye nemiphumela yokukhwabaniswa komshwalense kanye nokusebenza ngokuxhumana nezinsizakusebenza zezobuhlakani bezokuphepha.
The impact of the coronavirus on electronic commerce among small and medium enterprises in Gauteng=Umthelela wobhubhane lwecorona ekuhwebeni ngobuchwepheshe mayelana namabhizinisi asafufusa eGauteng.
(2023) Ramsern, Atlanta.; Govender, Krishna Kistan.
During the Covid-19 pandemic, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have had to shift business operations to online, due to government restrictions. The urgency to change to a digital model caused many SMEs to be challenged by one or more of the four e-commerce resources to complete an e-commerce transaction, namely usage of reliable broadband, e-shop of products, digital payment, and logistics to the consumer. The literature revealed that SMEs lacked the infrastructure to support the digital transformation into a successful business model and had to close their businesses. This mixed-methods study addressed this gap by using constructs in the resource-based theory and dynamic capabilities theory. A conceptual model was developed which depicted the relationship between the e-commerce resources and e-commerce growth which was moderated by dynamic capabilities. Several hypotheses were postulated in the conceptual framework and data was collected from the SME owners in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The simple random sampling technique was used to survey 307 retail SMEs in Edenvale, Gauteng. The survey was distributed via email to the SMEs that were alluded in the study. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used to analyse the data that was collected through the survey, using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences and tested using Structural Equation Modelling. Purposive sampling was used for the qualitative study and the semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 SME owners, to gain an in-depth understanding of the factors that impacted their e-commerce growth. Thematic analysis, via Microsoft excel, was used to analyse the transcripts by focusing on identifying and arranging the codes and patterns. The findings revealed that digital payments and logistics were significant predictors of e-commerce growth during the pandemic and dynamic skill capabilities moderated the relationship between digital payments and e-commerce growth. However, the usage of broadband and e-shop features were not significant in predicting the growth of e-commerce. It was ascertained through the interviews, that there is a favourable impact on the growth of e-commerce among SMEs that invested in unique resources and capabilities, since only those SMEs that had the resources and capabilities managed to survive during the pandemic. Iqoqa Ngesikhathi sobhubhane lweCovid-19, amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo azithola eseshintsha ukusebenza kwebhizinisi ngokulifaka kubuchwepheshe ngenxa yezivimbelo zikahulumeni. Isigubhukane sama-SME ukushintshela esifanekisweni sobuchwepheshe ukwenza uhwebo, kuphenduke inselelo enkulu. Ama-SME amaningi aphonselwa inselelo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezinsiza ezine ze-e-commerce ukuze aqedele umsebenzi we-e-commerce, okuwukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-broadband, i-e-shop yemikhiqizo namasevisi, ukukhokha kwedijithali, kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla kumthengi. Imibhalo iveza ukuthi ama-SMEs antula ingqalasizinda ukusekela impumelelo yoguquko lobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, lolu cwaningo luphenya izinselelo ezahaqa ama-SMEs ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa izizinda zobuchwepheshe bebhizinisi ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-Covid-19. Yize sekukhulunyiwe ngezinto ezithinta uhwebo ngobuchwepheshe, imibhalo ayikwazanga ukukulungisa okumayelana nokusetshenziswa kwenjulalwazi yohwebo ngobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sobhubhane. Le ndlela exubile yocwaningo isingatha lesi sikhala ngokusebenzisa okwakhiwe ngokwenjulalwazi ngokwamasu kanye nenjulalwazi yamandla obukhono. Isifanekiso somqondo sathuthukiswa esibhula ubudlelwano phakathi kwamasu ohwebo ngobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhula kohwebo ngobuchwepheshe okwalungiswa ngokwamandla obukhono. Isigejana semicabango engafakazelwanga kwathathwa njenento ekhona ohlakeni lomqondo kanye nokuqoqwa kolwazi kubanikazi bamabhizinisi esifundazweni saseGauteng eNingizimu Afrikha. Okubizwa nge-random sampling kwasetshenziswa ukwaba imibuzo kusetshenziswa ama-email enanini elinga-307 lwama-SMEs e-Edenvale, Gauteng. Uhlaziyo oluqondiswayo ngezinombolo, ngesifanekiso sohlaka ngezinombolo kwasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya ulwazi olwaqoqwa ngokomklamo. Isampula eliqondiwe lasetshenziswa ngokwekhwalithethivu, neziphathimandla eziyi-13 zabuzwa ukuthola ingqikithi yezizathu ezinomthelela ekukhuleni kohwebo ngobuchwepheshe. Uhlaziyo ngokwegqikithi lwasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya okubhaliwe kanye nokugqolozela izifanekiso. Okutholiwe kuveza ukuthi ukukhokha ngobuchwepheshe kanye nezokuthutha kwabaluleka ngesikhathi sobhubhane kanye nobukhono obusabalele ukulungisa ubudlelwane phakathi kokukhokha ngobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhula kohwebo ngobuchwepheshe. Yize kunjalo ukusetshenziswa kwamakhonokhono kanye nezimpawu zobuchwepheshe besitolo akuzange kubaluleke okuqaguleni ukukhula kohwebo ngobuchwepheshe. Kwaqinisekisa ngokwezingxoxombuzo, ukuthi kunesimo esicindezela ukukhula kohwebo ngokubuchwepheshe phakathi kwama-SMEs kulabo abatshale ngamasu angandile kanye nobukhono, njengoba lawo ma-SMEs abenamacebo kanye nobukhono bakwazi ukuphila ngezikhathi ezinzima.

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