Exploring the political and economic effects of xenophobia on South Africa’s foreign policy toward other countries: 2008 – 2019.
Date
2024
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Abstract
The economic and political landscape, both globally and domestically, profoundly influences a
nation's well-being, a reality keenly felt in South Africa. Persistent tensions between citizens and
foreign nationals have erupted into violent conflicts, demanding a comprehensive and strategic
response. Xenophobia remains a critical and life-threatening challenge for foreign nationals within
contemporary South Africa. Despite not being a donor country, South Africa's engagement in
development cooperation across Africa is central to its foreign policy. However, the scourge of
xenophobic violence has tarnished its international reputation and strained diplomatic ties even
within the African continent, thus, affecting the potency of its foreign policy.
Drawing from Realism, Constructivism and Securitization theory, this dissertation investigates
how security issues are framed through political elites' speech acts, shaping perceptions of
existential threats requiring protection. By delving into the root causes of Xenophobia and its
economic and political implications for foreign policy, this study contributes to understanding the
underlying motivations behind anti-foreign sentiments, particularly towards black foreign
nationals. Realism provides insights into the state's role and national interests amidst
Xenophobia and foreign policy challenges.
Through structured questionnaires and interviews with diverse stakeholders across South Africa,
this research identifies policy gaps and institutional avenues for the state to address underlying
conflict drivers and mitigate violent outbreaks. Additionally, it fills a literature gap by exploring
the significance and applicability of constructivism and securitization theory within the South
African context.
In conclusion, this study confirms the presence of Xenophobia within South Africa and emphasizes
the need for tailored frameworks to foster peace both nationally and internationally. Effective
peace initiatives must prioritize comprehensive economic and political strategies aimed at
resolving conflicts and promoting coexistence among culturally diverse populations. With the aim
of bridging the divide of ‘us versus them’ this study further recommends and encourages the
deliberate practice of the spirit of Ubuntu, increasing empathy, with the aim of arriving at a more
cohesive community. Thereby, enhancing South Africa’s reputation internationally.
Description
Doctoral Degrees. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg.