An analysis of the service-learning projects undertaken by Biology preservice teachers at a tertiary education institution: 2007-2011.
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Date
2018
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Abstract
Service-Learning (SL) is an extension of an academic course, which does not only provide
tangible and meaningful service to the community but is also connected to a course curriculum
and gives students an opportunity for reflection during the duration of the course. Most SL
programmes consist of SL projects. While some SL projects involve experiential learning that
provides students with the opportunity to work directly with off-campus community groups,
others are non-experiential SL projects which provide the opportunity for students to serve
community groups without direct student/community contact.
As a pedagogy, SL combines student learning with a commitment to addressing problems in
partnership with communities. The principles of SL study: reciprocity, and reflections are
intended to bolster student learning and civic responsibility which can yield positively in
addressing community identified needs and support long-term mutually beneficial communityuniversity partnerships. Though the benefits of SL in various contexts are well documented in
literature, there are gaps which indicate a need for further qualitative research on the
experiences of students while implementing SL projects.
The policy framework of South Africa has a number of documents that addresses community
engagement in higher education. This study is a qualitative analysis of purposefully selected
written reflective and project reports of a Service-Learning project in a Biology for Educators
module at a South African university. The study provides insight into the SL aspect of the SL
project, as well as a means of analysing the pre-service teachers’ experiences for their growth
and change. The study used an interpretive paradigm and generated data from three sources
which are reflection diaries, project reports and module outline to understand the pre-service
teachers’ experiences while implementing the SL project. Five themes were used for the
analysis; four were derived from the conceptual framework and one emerged from the data:
Structure, Reciprocity, Relationship, Reflection and sustainability were the themes. Drawing
from the theory of David Kolb’s experiential learning and using content analysis, these themes
where used in analysing the data generated from this study.
The findings support the influence of SL in the communities, and the benefits of reciprocal
relationships and reflection during SL projects. The complexity of SL forces students out of
their comfort zones and compels them to confront their ‘other side’, and thereafter integrate it
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into their knowledge and experiences. While this experience was hard for some students, it was
easy for others who found it easier to grasp the idea and running with it.
This SL project although not without challenges has proven to be rewarding for all the parties
involved. The findings add to the growing popularity of SL in Higher education and foster the
community-university relationship. From the results of this analysis/study, SL projects
provided students with knowledge and skills to gain opportunities. They were able to apply
theory to practice, have a direct experience of reciprocal community engagement that fostered
their personal growth, which would not have been possible in a traditional classroom context.
Based on the findings, recommendations were made for future research on SL, and for higher
education institutions and educators.