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College of Law and Management Studies

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    A conceptual framework to address challenges facing female-owned agricultural cooperatives in Pietermaritzburg.
    (2023) Ndlovu, Silindile Goodness.; Nzimakwe, Thokozani Ian.
    The study investigated challenges encountered by small to medium-scale (primary to secondary level) female cooperatives in the agricultural sector in Pietermaritzburg. This research aimed to assess the challenges encountered by female entrepreneurs in the small to medium-scale agricultural sector in Pietermaritzburg in KwaZulu-Natal to present a conceptual framework to address the challenges encountered by female owned agricultural cooperatives in Pietermaritzburg. A qualitative methodology generated an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under study. The researcher’s target population in this study was female owned cooperative enterprises in the agricultural sector in Pietermaritzburg. The sample for the study was selected through the purposive sampling method. Only 20 female-owned cooperatives out of 306 in the agricultural sector in Pietermaritzburg participated in the study. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect data on the challenges facing female entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector in Pietermaritzburg. Ten primary-level female-owned cooperatives and ten secondary-level female-owned cooperatives were selected to participate. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Study findings revealed that a lack of access to sufficient and productive land for expansion; a lack of skills; a demand for legal and regulatory frameworks; a lack of capital and markets and the issue of collateral availability; a lack of government support, a lack of infrastructure, a gap in understanding business culture; and poor value chain organisation affect female entrepreneurs in the small to medium-scale agricultural sector. These constraints presented a framework of barriers for female entrepreneurs in the small to medium-scale agricultural sector that must be addressed. This conceptual framework can be used towards the empowerment of women as a prerequisite for achieving inclusive growth or for promoting their services from primary to secondary cooperative level within the formal sector of the economy. Iqoqa Lolu cwaningo luhlole izingqinamba izinhlangano zabesifazane ezincane neziphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu emkhakheni wezolimo ePietermaritzburg ezibhekene nazo. Lolu cwaningo lwaluhlose ukuhlola ukuthi zingakanani izingqinamba ababhekene nazo emkhakheni wezolimo osomabhizinisi besifazane abanamapulazi amancane naphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu ePietermaritzburg KwaZulu-Natali, ukuze lwethule uhlaka olucatshangelwe oluzosiza ekubhekaneni nalezo zingqinamba ezihlangabezana nazo izinhlangano zezolimo zabesifazane ePietermaritzburg. Kwasetshenziswa indlela eyikhwalithethivu ukuze kuqondwe kabanzi le ndaba ecwaningwayo. Kulolu cwaningo, umcwaningi ubegxile kubabambiqhaza abangabesifazane emkhakheni wezolimo ePietermaritzburg. Isampula locwaningo bekungolwenhloso. Zingama-20 kuphela izinhlangano zobambiswano zabesifazane kwezingama-306 emkhakheni wezolimo ePietermaritzburg ezibambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo. Kusetshenziswe izingxoxo ezijulile ezisakuhleleka ukuze kuqoqwe imininingo emayelana nezingqinamba ababhekene nazo osomabhizinisi besifazane emkhakheni wezolimo ePietermaritzburg. Kwakhethwa izinhlangano zobambiswano zabesifazane eziyishumi ezisesigabeni sokuqala kanye neziyishumi ezakhiwa yizinhlangano zabesifazane ezisesigabeni esesithe thuthu ukuba zibambe iqhaza. Kwasetshenziswa ukuhluza ngokwezindikimba ukuhlaziya imininingo. Okutholakale kulolu cwaningo kwembula ukuthi ukuntuleka komhlaba owanele nokhiqizayo ukuze kukhuliswe ibhizinisi; ukuntuleka kwamakhono; izidingo zezinhlaka zezomthetho nezokulawula; ukuntuleka kwezimali nezimakethe okuzodayiswa kuzo nenkinga yokungabi nezibambiso ezingasetshenziselwa ukuboleka; ukuntuleka komxhaso kahulumeni, ukuntuleka kwezingqalasizinda, ukungakuqondi kahle ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi; nendlela yokusebenza kwebhizinisi lezolimo engahleliwe kahle kuba nemiphumela engemihle kosomabhizinisi besifazane abanamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu emkhakheni wezolimo. Lezi zithiyo zethula uhlaka lwezingqinamba okumele kubhekwane nazo zosomabhizinisi besifazane bamabhizinisi amancane kuya kwaphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu emkhakheni wezolimo. Lolu hlaka olutuswayo lungasetshenziselwa ukukwenza kube yimfuneko yokuqala ukufukula abesifazane, ukuze kube nokukhula okubandakanya wonke umuntu noma ukuqhakambisa imisebenzi yabo kusukela esigabeni samabhizinisi obambiswano aqalisayo kanye nalawo asethe thuthu ayizinhlangano ezibambisene emkhakheni wezamabhizinisi abhalisiwe.
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    Critical success factors of female entrepreneurs in maledominated spaces: An exploratory study of the logistics sector in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
    (2023) Dladla, Nompilo Sharon.; Derera, Evelyn.
    This study examines the key success factors of female entrepreneurs in the logistics sector in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The study explores the five key success factors of financial capital, human capital, innovation, social capital and work-life balance, to understand the lived experiences of females in the logistics sector. This research is qualitative as it gathers in-depth insights from 15 female entrepreneurs in the logistics sector in Pietermaritzburg and Durban in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa using the snowball sampling technique. The physical and virtual in-depth interviews which lasted approximately 45 minutes were conducted during May to July 2022. The interviews were transcribed and recorded by the researcher. Data was analysed using NVIVO 12 software. The findings revealed that financial capital, human capital, innovation, social capital and work-life balance enhances the success of female entrepreneurs in the logistics sector. In terms of financial capital, most females reinvested their profit into the businesses and skills development. Human capital assisted the females to develop stakeholder relations, self-confidence, business innovation which led to improved business performance. Although social capital is crucial for the success of female entrepreneurs, their networking abilities were limited by male dominance in the sector and barriers such as sexual harassment and inability to grasp business lingo used in the sectors. Lastly, achieving work-life balance proved to be challenging to female entrepreneurs due to the multiple roles and responsibilities expected of them. Nonetheless, the females developed survival strategies which include effective time management, good communication and setting boundaries between work and family responsibilities. Having a good support system from family members or a spouse is essential to achieving work-life balance. This improves business productivity, promotes creativity and good mental health. This study, therefore, concludes that the five key success factors enhance the success of female entrepreneurs in the logistics sector. Consequently, the study recommends that the government should continue to prioritise and reduce bureaucratic requirements for female entrepreneur support programs. The government and the private sector are encouraged to prioritise female entrepreneurs in the logistics sector by outsourcing business from them and by contributing a portion of their corporate social responsibility towards programs that support female entrepreneurship. Future research studies should consider conducting a comparative study of female and male entrepreneurs in different male dominated spaces such as construction and engineering to examine the success factors and draw possible learnings for better representation and advancement of gender equality. The study contributes to the body of knowledge on female entrepreneurship in maledominated spaces. The study is valuable to policymakers who are instrumental in enacting and implementing gender policy. The study acknowledges its limitation in that it gathered data from a sample of 15 female entrepreneurs. Therefore, the study results cannot be generalised to female entrepreneurs in the logistics sector in Pietermaritzburg and Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. However, the study laid a foundation for future studies on the subject.
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    Women at the top: unlocking the full potential of women in leadership in the petroleum industry=Abesifazane abaseqhulwini: siqaqa amandlakuzenzela aphelele abesifazane abangabaholi embonini kaphethiloli.
    (2022) Ngxongo, Thandi Princess.; Mutambara, Emmanuel.
    Abstract The study investigated the challenges faced by women in their endeavour to climb up to managerial positions in the petroleum industry in South Africa. The study was motivated by an overwhelmingly huge female worker population in the operational levels, resulting in a disproportionate representation of men and women in this sector. The study also conducted a detailed literature search which revealed that there were limited studies on women leadership in the petroleum industry, creating a gap which the study sought to close. The study employed the mixed method approach using the quantitative and qualitative methods to gather and analyse data. Thus, a sample of 315, participated in the quantitative study (questionnaire) while 10 participants participated in the qualitative study (interviews). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), descriptive and inferential statistical techniques using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22.0 software were used to analyse the quantitative data while thematic analysis was used to analyse qualitative data. The study findings revealed that women still face challenges such as lack of confidence, male dominance and others. Based on these findings, some recommendations were made such as initiatives focusing on creative approaches to limited learning opportunities and looking for mentors. The study also recommended the need to increase male participation in female lobby and interest groups for gender equality policies and programmes, strengthen e-learning on women leadership and increased women involvement and participation at strategic levels. Further, it is imperative to develop ethics committees and revisit the recruitment process for leadership positions in the industry. Iqoqa: Ucwaningo luhlose ukuphenya izinselelo ezibhekene nabesifazane ezikhundleni zobuholi embonini kaphethiloli eNingizimu Afrikha. Ucwaningo lugqugquzelwe yiqoqobantu elisebenzayo elikhulu kakhulu labesifazane emazingeni okwenza umsebenzi, nokuholele ekumelweni okunesikali esingalingani kwabesilisa nabesifazane kulo mkhakha. Umcwaningi waphinde wahlaziya ucwaningo olwehlukehlukene olwenziwe abanye abacwaningi, kodwa ubone ukuthi kusenesikhala ngoba kunocwaningo oluncane olugxile embonini kaphethiloli. Ucwaningo lwasebenzisa indlelakwenza exube izindlela, lapho kwasetshenziswa khona izinhlumibuzo emininingweni yekhwantithethivu eyayivela kubabambiqhaza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umcwaningi wasebenzisa amasampula okuqondiwe ukukhetha izinhlumibuzo ezingama-315 awasebenzisa ngokuwahlanganisa namanothi ezimposambuzo zababambiqhaza abayi-10 ukuhlaziya nokudingida imininingo ngaphansi kwendlelakwenza yekhwalithethivu. Okutholwe wucwaningo kukhombise ukuthi abesifazane basabhekene nezinkinga njengokungabi nokuzethemba, ukuqonelwa abesilisa nokunye. Ngokususela kulokhu okutholakele, okunye okuphakanyisiwe kwenziwa ukuze iziqalo ezinjalo zigxile ezindleleni zokuziqambela ezibhekana namathuba okufunda anqindiwe nokubheka okungabukelwa kubo. Ucwaningo luphinde futhi luphakamise isidingo sokwenyusa ukubamba iqhaza kwabesilisa kwabesifazane okuxoxwa nabo namaqembu anentshisekelo nokwenyusa izinqubomgomo zokulingana ngokobulili, ukuqinisa i-e-learning kwabesifazane abangabaholi ababamba iqhaza emazingeni okuthatha izinqumo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa amakomidi endlelakuziphatha bese kubhekwa kabusha uhlelo lokuqasha ezikhundleni zobuholi embonini. Amagama asemqoka: Imboni kaphethiloli, ubuholi babesifazane, ubulili, ubuholi obufaka konke, iminotho equbukayo.