Artisanal fishing and community based resource management : a case study of Tchuma Tchato project in Mozambique.

Abstract

This study is about artisanal fishing and community based natural resources management in Chintop ward. It sets out to • develop an understanding of the fishery in the context of CBNRM; and to formulate conceptual framework for the research • evaluate how well prepared government and the Tchuma rchato project are to act as ' agent of change' in promoting CBNRM • develop an understanding of the present ways in which access is controlled; how government revenues from the fishery is generated and how it is distributed • provide informed suggestions on how to proceed in promoting the process ofCBNRM wlthin the Tchuma Tchato project. The research comprises four parts: developing a theoretical understanding and conceptual framework based on the analysis of relevant literature. Investigation of the organisational structure and capabilities of government and the Tchuma Tchato project in the context of conceptua1 model (preparedness for intervention); an analysis of the importance of the fishery to local people, regulation of access and distribution of benefits; and a critical evaluation ofthe current situation and recommendation of action to promote CBNRM. The literature analysis focused on the origins, principles and strengths and weakness of ICDP, ADMADE and CBNRM projects. It is concluded that the principles and theories that underpin CBNRM are not well understood in the three sectors involved, government, NGOs and local structures. Consequently they are not adequately prepared to implement CBNRM in the most required areas, the license system in place in Chintopo does not provide for any real regulation as well it does not control harvesting pressure. The principles and theory which underpin CBNRM are not consolidated into a user friend1y fonnat which facilitates knowledge transfer amongst practitioners. There is too much emphasis on theory and not enough on IV process and practice. Insufficient attention is devoted to team work and vertical integration. There is no strategic plan and there is no generative learning. It is evident that meaningful progress could not be made with integrating the fishery into CBNRM until the macro-issues have been addressed. Access is by license but this does not provide for any regulation. The fishery was tending towards open access. Licensing does not control harvest pressure. Consequently the current trend is toward unsustainable levels of harvest. The distribution of revenues generated by licenses and inspection fees is not distributed in a manner which provides meaningful return to the community. Consequently the recommendations made here are not specific to the fishery. The whole approach to CBNRM should be revisited before proceeding with any further expansion of the project. Comprehensive strategic analysis need to be made focusing on what was originally intended, namely building capacity for intervention. This will involve a cross sectoral team building; building a shared vision; developing real capacity; and developing a business plan which emphasizes both process and product. There should be a culture of learning so that the team learns from failures rather than fears them. Strong focus should be given on building strategic alliances among research and educational institutions and NGOs.