Ucwaningo lokuhlola ukufundiswa kwesifundo seSayensi kusetshenziswa ubu-limimbili emabangeni aphezulu ezikoleni zaseMsinga.

Abstract

Isifundo seSayensi sikhungethwe yingqinamba yokungaphumeleleki kahle kubafundi abaningi ikakhulukazi emibuzweni edinga ukuthi abafundi baveze ukuqonda kwabo ulimi lwesifundo namakhonsephthi aso. Le nkinga iyaqhubeka nakuba uMnyango wezeMfundo eyiSisekelo usuke wakhipha isekhula ethi English Across the Curriculum ngenhloso yokugqugquzela ukusetshenziswa kolimi lwesiNgisi ekufundiseni zonke izifundo okungezona ezolimi, kodwa le nkinga isaqhubeka. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukucwaninga ngokufundiswa kwesifundo seSayensi ekuthuthukiseni ukuqonda kubafundi kusetshenziswa ubulimimbili emabangeni aphezulu ezikoleni. Inhlosongqangi yalolu cwaningo ukuphendula le mibuzo emithathu: (i) Othisha abafundisa isifundo seSayensi bakuqonda kanjani ukusebenzisa ubulimimbili ekufundiseni isifundo seSayensi kubafundi bebanga le-10 nele-11? (ii) Othisha bebanga le-10 nele-11 babusebenzisa kanjani ubulimimbili ekufundiseni isifundo seSayensi? (iii) Kungani othisha besifundo seSayensi besebenzisa ulimi ngendlela abenza ngayo lapho bethula izifundo zeSayensi emakilasini ebanga le-10 nele-11? Lolu cwaningo lwenziwe endaweni yaseMsinga ezikoleni ezimbili ezingaphansi kobukhosi baseMabomvini naseMachunwini. Le ndawo umphakathi oyakhele ukhuluma isiZulu njengolimi lwebele kodwa izikole eziyakhele zisebenzisa ulimi lwesiNgisi njengolimi lokufunda nokufundisa olusemthethweni kuzo. Lolu cwaningo lulucwaningo oluyikhwalithethivu (qualitative case study) futhi lusebenze ngaphansi kwepharadaymu yomhumusho (interpretivist paradigm). Lusebenzise izingxoxo ezisakuhleleka (semi-structured interviews), ukubukela othisha ngesikhathi befundisa (obseravtions), kanye nokuhlaziywa kwamadokhumenti (document analysis) njengezindlela zokukhiqiza imininingo etholakele. Ucwaningo lusebenzise izindlela zekhwalithethivu ukuhlaziya imininingo. Kusetshenziswe uhlaka lwenjulalwazi ka Vygotsky (1978) njengensizakuhlaziya kanye nohlaka lwemicabango ukuhlaziya iminingo ekhiqizwe kulolu cwaningo. Kulolu cwaningo kugqame izindikimba eziyisithupha emininingweni oluyikhiqizile. Eyokuqala indikimba emayelana nobumqoka bolimi olusabalele nekharikhulamu. Lapha kuvele ukuthi othisha basebenzisa ulimi olusabalele nekharikhulamu ngokuthi uma bechazela abafundi amakhonsephthi esifundo seSayensi baqale ngokubachazela asolimini lwesiNgisi abhalwa futhi abizwe njengalawa eSayensi, bese bebafundisa ngawesifundo seSayensi. Eyesibili emayelana nolwazi lukathisha lwesifundo nolwazi lwakhe lokufundisa. Okutholakale lapha ukuthi othisha banolwazi olwanele ngesifundo seSayensi futhi bayakwazi ukusifundisa. Lokhu kubonakale ngokuthi othisha basethula kahle lesi sifundo futhi bayakwazi ukuhlonza izingqinamba ezingathikameza ukufundisa kwabo bese beqhambuka nezisombululo ngaphambi kokuthi zivele. Okunye futhi ukuthi bahlobanisa okufundwa ngalelo langa nesifundo esisuke sesifundiwe. Eyesithathu imayelana nolimi lwasEkhaya neqhaza lwalo ekufundiseni isifundo seSayensi. Lapha kuvela ukuthi kuyabasiza abafundi nothisha ukusebenzisa ulimi lwesiZulu ukufunda nokufundisa amakhonsephthi esifundo seSayensi. Eyesine evelile emayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakufundisa ezibulimimbili esifundweni seSayensi. Lapha kuvela ukuthi othisha basebenzisa izinsizakufundisa ezakhiwe zaba solimini lwesiNgisi kodwa baye bazenze zibe ezibulimimbili ngokuthi bachazele abafundi ngolimi lwesiZulu lapho befundisa ngazo. Eyesihlanu indikimba emayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezichazamazwi eziqondene namatemu esifundo seSayensi ezibulimimbili. Lapha kuvela ukuthi othisha basebenzisa izichazamazwi zolimi lwesiNgisi, ezolimi lwesiNgisi nolwesiZulu kanye nesichazamazwi sesifundo seSayensi. Eyesithupha indikimba emayelana nothando lolimi lwasekhaya nomthelela wakho kuthisha nakumfundi. Kule ndikimba kuvelile ukuthi othisha nabafundi bayathanda ukusebenzisa ulimi lwesiZulu ukufunda nokufundisa isifundo seSayensi ngoba othisha babonakala benentshisekelo yokuchazela abafundi ngolimi lwesiZulu kanti abafundi babonakala bezimbandakanya ezingxoxweni zesifundo seSayensi uma sethulwa ngokuthi bachazelwe ngolimi lwabo lwasekhaya. Imiphumela yocwaningo iveza ukuthi okwenziwa nokushiwo othisha ngezingqinamba ababhekana nazo ekufundiseni abafundi ngolimi lwesiNgisi kumbandakanya nokuntuleka kwezinsizakufundisa ezifana namalabhorethri esifundo seSayensi nawamakhompyutha. Okunye okunomthelela kwabakwenzayo ulwazi lokufundisa abanalo kanye nolwesifundo seSayensi okuyikhona okubalekelelile ukukwazi ukubhekana nezingqinamba ezilwisana nokufundisa kwabo. Okunye okwenza benze ngendlela abenze ngayo othisha uthando lwabo ngolimi lwesiZulu nokungazinyezi ukulusebenzisa ukuze ukufundisa kwabo kugcine kulandela inqubo yobulimimbili esifundweni seSayensi.