A scoping review of interventions to promote sexual health amongst young people in South Africa.

Abstract

Background: For the past three decades, the emphasis and importance of ensuring that all individuals have the ability to attain the highest level of sexual and reproductive health and rights has been increasingly highlighted (WHO, 2024). Young people (YP) often engage in their most formative experiences regarding sex, sexuality, and relationships during their adolescent to early adult life. As YP engage in their sexual self-expression, sexual health promotion (SHP) can help them understand the skills and information they need regarding healthy and respectful sexual practices (Crocker et al., 2019). Aim: This study aims to systematically identify, map, and synthesize existing interventions, strategies, and programs implemented in South Africa to promote positive sexual health outcomes among young people. It seeks to provide a comprehensive overview of these efforts to inform and support future policy, programming, and implementation decisions by key stakeholders. Methods: A scoping review approach was utilized to investigate the available literature to assess and synthesize the information on programs, curricula, interventions, and policies regarding the promotion of SH amongst YP. Results: This study focused on the outcome of 7 studies. The review of studies on sexual and reproductive health (SRH) interventions in South Africa reveals the effectiveness of various programs. The nformed, Motivated, Aware, and Responsible Adolescents and Adults – South Africa (IMARA-SA) intervention improved sexual health among adolescent girls and young women, while the InTSHA intervention enhanced HIV knowledge and confidence. The DREAMS Partnership and Auntie Stella programs have made progress in improving access to SRH information and services but face barriers like stigma and healthcare provider judgment. The legislative framework for SRH services in South Africa is progressive, but inconsistencies between criminal law and children's law, lack of clarity on new interventions, and subjectivity in assessing maturity for certain services are identified. Conclusion: The scoping review of sexual health interventions for young people in South Africa reveals promising strategies like the IMARA-SA program and InTSHA mHealth intervention. However, implementing these strategies remains a challenge. Key gaps include long-term evaluation, inclusivity of LGBTIQ+ youth, and addressing technological and cultural barriers. Privacy concerns are also a significant issue. Future research should focus on improving methodological quality, exploring innovative approaches, and ensuring cultural sensitivity.