The role of culture in shaping attitude towards non-heterosexuality in rural communities in the case of Pongola rural community.

Abstract

Non-heterosexual people also known as the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender experience difficulties in fitting into the heteronormative communities. As a result of their sexuality, they are faced with social exclusion, being judged and sometimes attacked. Cultural norms which are strongly against this phenomenon need to be put in place in order for there to be better inclusivity within society at large. The main aim of this study is to explore the role of culture in shaping societal attitude towards non-heterosexuality in case of Pongola rural community. The researcher used qualitative approach when collecting data regarding the experiences of non-heterosexual people in rural communities, the challenges they encounter, how they cope as well as how culture, media and religion has influenced people‟s perceptions on nonheterosexuality. The right based approach helped the researcher to understand how human rights have been used to normalize inclusion of non-heterosexuals in the community, how the law plays a role in protecting the lives of those people and giving hope for the eradication of homophobia. The queer theory helped the researcher to understand the coping mechanisms adopted by the LGBTs in a heteronormative environment. The primary data was collected with the use of open-ended interviews which enabled each participant to voice out their views and beliefs in relation to non-heterosexuality. Openended interviews were conducted with ten participants at Pongola rural community. Results of the study showed lack of knowledge about other sexual identities as well as cultural beliefs standing as the main contributing factor to homophobia in the community. Results of the study also revealed the lack of resources aimed at assisting homosexuals in being regarded as active members of the community. Such resources included the lack of gay support groups which contributed to the vulnerability of the LGBTs in Pongola. The role of media in transforming the community is slightly in vain due to the slow development of this community. The study has recommended some policy adjustments aimed at inclusion of non-heterosexual people in Pongola and to combat homophobia. Recommendations included educational programs to empower community members about non-heterosexuality so they are informed about it is and challenge assumptions.