Effect of hybrid immunity on the neutralizing antibody response to emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants including in people living with HIV=Umphumela wamasotsha omzimba ahlobongxube ekutheneni amandla impendulosenzo yezivikelamzimba ekuhlanganiseni izinhlobokuguquka zamagciwane kubandakanya nabantu abaphila ne-HIV.

Abstract

This work focused on the effect of SARS-CoV-2 variants and co-infection with HIV on the neutralizing antibody response elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination. The first study described the effect of HIV status and suppression on antibody neutralization capacity against the Delta variant elicited by previous infection, the Janssen adeno vectored Ad26.CoV2.S vaccine, or hybrid immunity from infection followed by Ad26.CoV2.S vaccination. It was determined that while neutralizing immunity elicited by infection decreased in people living with HIV (PLWH) and particularly in those with unsuppressed HIV viremia, this effect was counteracted with hybrid immunity from infection and Ad26.CoV2.S vaccination, where with hybrid immunity neutralization levels increased and differences between PLWH and HIV negative individuals became non-significant. With the emergence of the Omicron variant, we investigated whether Omicron infection boosts cross-neutralizing antibody levels against other variants. It was determined that this cross-protection does occur but is considerably stronger in people with hybrid immunity consisting of Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA or the Ad26.CoV2.S vaccination followed by breakthrough infection, implying that hybrid immunity from Omicron variant infection and vaccination may prevent infection with other, more pathogenic variants. Lastly, we demonstrated the escape of the BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants from Omicron BA.1 subvariant elicited immunity. It was found that BA.4 and BA.5 showed substantial escape from BA.1 elicited immunity in the absence of vaccination, but the escape was more moderate in individuals with hybrid immunity from BA.1 infection combined with vaccination. Overall, these studies show the capacity of hybrid immunity, consisting of vaccination and infection, to reduce the negative effects of HIV viremia and emerging variants on the ability of the pre-existing immunity to neutralize SARS-CoV-2.

Iqoqo

Lo msebenzi wawugxile emiphumeleni yezinhlobokuguquka zamagciwane e-SARS-CoV-2 kanye nesifo eziphila neHIV ekutheneni amandla impendulosenzo yezivikelamzimba ezidalwa isifo i-SARS-CoV-2 kanye nokugomakuhlungisa. Ucwaningo lokuqala lwachaza ngomumo nokucindezela kwesilinganiso sokuthena amandla isivikelimagciwane kuhlobokuguquka iDelta ezidalwa isifo esedlule, iJanssen adeno ithwala isifo somgomo we-Ad26.CoV2.S noma amasotsha omzimba anhlobongxube asuka esifweni esilandelwa ukugomakuhlungisa kwe-Ad26.CoV2.S. Kwanqunywa ukuthi ngenkathi amasotsha omzimba ethenwa amandla okudalwa ukwehla kwesifo ebantwini abaphila ne-HIV (PLWH) ikakhulukazi kulabo elingacindezelwe egazini igciwane le-HIV, lo mphumela wawuphikisana namasotsha anhlobongxube asuka esifweni kanye nakumgomokuhlungisa we-Ad26.CoV2.S, lapho amazinga okuthena amandla amasotsha anhlobongxube ekhula kanye nomehluko phakathi kwe-PLWH kanye nalabo bantu abangenayo i-HIV abavele babe ngabangekho mqoka. Ukuqhamuka kohlobokuguquka kwegciwane i-Omicron, saphenya ukuba ngabe isifo i-Omicron ikhuthaza amazinga esivikelamzimba esithena amandla kwezinye izinhlobokuguquka zamagciwane. Kwanqunywa ukuthi ukuvikelana akwenzeki kodwa kuthathwa ngokunamandla kubantu abanamasotsha anhlobongxube equkethe i-Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA noma umgomokuhlunga i-Ad26.CoV2.S okulandelwa isifo esehlula umgomo, okusho ukuthi amasotsha anhlobongxube asuka esifweni sohlobokuguquka kwegciwane i-Omicron kanye nokugomakuhlunga kungasivimba isifo nezinye eziningi zinhlobokuguquka zemindeni yamagciwane. Okokugcina, sabonisa wukuphunyuka kwezinhlokuguquka zamagciwane ezincane i-BA.4 ne-BA.5 kusuka hlobokuguquka kwegciwane okuncane i-Omicron BA.1 eveza amasotsha omzimba. Kwatholakala ukuthi i-BA.4 ne-BA.5 ikhombisa ukuphunyuka okubonakalayo ukusuka ku-BA.1 eveza amasotsha omzimba uma kungenziwanga ukugomakuhlungisa kodwa ukuphunyuka kwakungakukhulu kulabo abanamasotsha omzimba anhlobongxube kusuka esifweni i-BA.1 ihlanganiswe nokugomakuhlungisa. Phezu kwakho konke, lolu cwaningo lwakhombisa isilinganiso samasotsha omzimba anhlobongxube, aqukethe abunjwe umgomokuhlungisa nesifo, ukuze kuncishiswe imiphumela engemihle yamagciwane asegazini e-HIV kanye nezinhlobokuguquka zamagciwane ekukwazini ukuthi amasotsha omzimba abevele ekhona ngaphambilini athene amandla i-SARS-CoV-2.