A comparative chemistry of coa® herbal medicine and herbal extracts of Vernonia Amygdalina (Bitter leaf) and Persea Americana (Avocado).
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Date
2018
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the phytochemical compounds present in standard COA®,
dichloromethane (DCM), ethanol (EtOH), hexane (HEX), and ethyl acetate (EtOAc) , extracts of
COA® compared to leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina and Persea americana collected from
Cape Coast (Ghana) and Durban (South Africa) by phytochemical screening techniques and gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis.
Findings from this study revealed that leaf extracts of P. americana and V. amygdalina have
been used in many local African communities for management of various diseases.
Ethnomedicinal use and pharmacological properties of leaf extracts of P. americana andV.
amygdalina may justify polyherbal formulation involving the two plants in the treatment of
diseases such as diabetes, hypertension and other diseases.
Outcomes of the preliminary phytochemicals screening showed the presence of alkaloids,
anthraquinones, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and glucosides in ethanolic leaf extracts
and standard COA®.
GC-MS study of standard COA®, COA® extract and leaf extracts of P. americana and V.
amygdalina collected from Ghana and South Africa had 60y phytochemical compounds identified
in the hexane extract of COA® extract, 47 in DCM, 37 in ethyl acetate, 18in ethanol and 11 in
standard COA® herbal medicine. The identification of phytochemical compounds and
pharmacological actions was based on the name of the chemical compound, retention time and
molecular formula from GC-MS analysis. The major phytochemicals common to COA® extract
and leaf extracts of P. americana and V. amygdalina were heneicosane, phytyl acetate, pyrene,
octadecanoic acid, eicosane, 2-methyltetracosane, pentadecanoic acid, hexadecanamide, and
octadecanamide. Most of these major phytochemicals are present in ethanolic extracts of both
COA® and leaf extracts of P. americana and V. amygdalina
Leaf extracts of P. americana and V. amygdalina collected from Ghana have more
phytochemicals compared to that of South Africa.
The finding, of this study, confirm the presence of P. americana and V. amygdalina leaf extracts
in COA® herbal medicine. It also confirms the profound variations in phytochemicals of P.
americana and V. amygdalina leaf extracts due to the effects of environmental factors and
geographical locations.
Description
Masters Degree, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban.