Masters Degrees (Graduate School of Business and Leadership)

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The impact of public procurement on business success of small micro medium enterprises: case of Greater Kokstad Municipality.
(2025) Mhlongo, Fezile Leeroy.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
Small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa are struggling to survive. However, improving their success rate in public procurement will significantly enhance their business growth and success. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of public procurement on the success of SMMEs within the Greater Kokstad Municipality (GKM). The aim was to gain a deeper understanding of how effective public procurement can be in assisting SMMEs in becoming successful businesses that can contribute to the local economy. The study employed a qualitative research method, utilizing a case study design. Twelve (12) participants were selected for the study, which consisted of municipal officials and local SMMEs. In-depth semi-structured interviews served as the primary data collection method to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of public procurement on the business success of local SMMEs. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. The thematic analysis was conducted on the information received from interview transcription. The study findings revealed that public procurement in the GKM can enhance the profitability of local SMMEs and contribute to building their reputation and experience. However, several barriers such as limited access to finance, competition from larger firms, delayed payments, lack of transparency and corruption continue to hinder the growth and success of SMMEs within the GKM procurement system. Although government policies do exist to support and develop SMMEs in public procurement, their effective implementation remains a challenge in supporting local SMMEs in the GKM, as these policies lack practical support to address the needs of these enterprises. The study highlights the need for a more pragmatic approach to supporting local SMMEs, including strengthening training programs, improving access to finance, having more inclusive procurement measures and greater transparency within the procurement process. The outcome of the study contributes to a broader understanding of the dynamics of local SMMEs operating within the public procurement market. The findings collectively enhance knowledge on SMME development and public sector reform, while also enriching the existing literature on public procurement, small business growth, and local economic development. It bridges theory and practice in promoting inclusive growth, opening opportunities for future research aimed at improving procurement systems to better support local enterprises.
Analysing the impact of recruitment challenges on hiring efficiency at Scribante Labour Consultants, a case study.
(2024) Nonyongo, Lwandile Banele.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
Private Employment Agencies significantly contribute to reducing unemployment in South Africa, yet challenges in agency work persist. This study explores the recruitment challenges at Scribante Labour Consultants, a private employment agency, focusing on two business models: Temporary Employment Services and Labour Consultants. Temporary Employment Services involves outsourcing employees to other companies, while Labour Consultants retain compensation management and Human Resources related responsibilities. Additionally, the study contextualises Agency Work, a prominent international model. A literature review examined International Labour Organization Conventions, Temporary Employment Services, and South African labour laws, with Agency theory framing the research. Employing a quantitative approach, the study utilised probability sampling and cluster sampling criteria. Surveys were administered to Scribante Labour Consultant associates, including Automotive Investment Holdings Mahindra Logistics, Toyoda Gosei South Africa, and Toyota Tsusho Africa. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (V23) and descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed challenges in stakeholder representation, with organisations like Confederation of Association in the Private Employment Sector earning high trust while others, such as Information Technology Association and Contact Centre Management Group, faced lower engagement. Scribante Labour Consultants aligned well with International Labour Organization standards on minimum wages and collective bargaining but exhibited gaps in areas like freedom of association, social security, and maternity protection. Recommendations include enhancing stakeholder engagement, improving communication, and aligning practices with International Labour Organization Convention (No. 181). Integrating online and traditional recruitment strategies, addressing mismatches in candidate qualifications and roles, and refining maternity protection policies are essential for Scribante Labour Consultants to improve service delivery and strengthen its position in the private employment sector.
An exploratory analysis of higher education student funding and graduate employability: a case study of a University of Technology in South Africa.
(2025) Manashe, Absolom Innocent.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
With a focus on a particular KwaZulu-Natal higher education institution, this study examined the effect of student funding for higher education on graduate employability in South Africa. The purpose of the study was to determine whether more funding increased employability by establishing a connection between graduate employment rates and student funding. The study employed a quantitative research technique to examine data from 176 graduates who received funding from a range of sources, including self-funding, private sponsors, Private Bursaries, and the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS). The findings revealed a weak positive correlation between the source of funding and employment status, suggesting that while funding aided in access to higher education, it did not significantly guarantee employment. The study highlighted the need for comprehensive support systems, including work-integrated learning (WIL) programs, to enhance employability. Additionally, it underscored the importance of addressing disparities in basic education to ensure equitable access to higher education and subsequent employment opportunities. The research concluded that while increased funding had led to higher enrolment and graduation rates, it had not proportionately reduced graduate unemployment. The study recommended improving basic education quality, aligning higher education curricula with labour market demands, and enhancing support services for students to bridge the gap between education and employment.
Examining Municipal Procurement Practices with Rural Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in uMhlabuyalingana.
(2025) Ngubane, Cebolenkosi Vuka.; Luthuli, Nomkhosi Hlengiwe.
This study examines how the procurement policies of uMhlabuyalingana Municipality impact small and medium-sized rural businesses (SMEs). The study intended to evaluate the perceptions of local businesses in terms of their relationship with the municipality as well as the extent to which the municipality integrates SMEs into its procurement procedures. Using a qualitative research methodology, data was gathered by interviewing SME owners and municipal procurement officials. This allowed for a detailed analysis of the dynamics opportunities and challenges affecting this relationship. Despite the efforts made by uMhlabuyalingana Municipality to promote SME inclusion through its policies such as lot-sizing streamlined tender documentation and targeted training initiatives, the research findings demonstrate that significant barriers still exist. Resource constraints, a lack of administrative capacity and compliance issues are some of the ongoing obstacles. However, the initiatives have strengthened the local economy and increased SME participation in public procurement despite the ongoing challenges. Respondents emphasized the importance of communication, continuous feedback mechanisms and collaborative policy that are design to close implementation gaps and improve outcomes. It is highlighted in this study that in order to fully realize the potential of inclusive procurement policies, strategic interventions like enhanced digital infrastructure, public-private partnerships and increased administrative efficiency are required. By balancing policy objectives with practical realities, uMhlabuyalingana Municipality can create a sustainable business ecosystem that promotes economic growth, community development and rural SMEs. In addition to contributing to the body of knowledge about inclusive procurement practices this study offers useful insights to practitioners and policymakers committed to supporting rural economies.
Investigating the effects of challenges faced by the railway network on social, economy and developing railway recovery strategies.
(2025) Thabethe, Njabulo Clifford.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
The passenger rail system in South Africa's is exposed to a myriad of challenges that include theft of infrastructure, vandalism, and aging infrastructure. The study examines railway network challenges of state-owned enterprises in the City of Cape Town central line recovery experienced by the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA) in rehabilitating the Cape Town Central Line within the Western Cape Province. A qualitative research approach was employed to collect data through indepth interviews with 16 key participants to solicit inputs and perceptions from different stakeholders, including commuters, government representatives, community leaders, and PRASA personnel. Three key findings were revealed, firstly, common factors such as inadequate security measures, informal settlements along railway reserves posed security threats, governance problems, and financial limitations. These factors contributed to frequent service interruptions, decreased safety, and a declining preference and commuter experience. Secondly, overcoming these challenges required financial diversification through public-private partnerships, community involvement, improved security, and governance reforms. Thirdly, legal and regulatory frameworks, such as the National Rail Policy and the National Development Plan (NDP), supported PRASA’s recovery goals. Interagency cooperation, financial responsibility, and community involvement were deemed necessary to utilize these frameworks effectively to ensure sustainable solutions. The study hopes to contribute to how PRASA could increase its investments in service dependability, boost commuter satisfaction, and support South Africa's broader public transport objectives through making significant improvements in their governance and infrastructure restorations. The study will inform policymakers, transportation authorities, and other stakeholders within PRASA and government counterparts working to build robust and equitable public transportation network.
Advancing women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics to leadership roles at a South African Research Institute.
(2024) Moeketsi, Mpho Arleen Mapaseka.; Taylor, Simon Michael.
This study titled "Advancing women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics to leadership roles at a South African Research Institute" explores the factors influencing the under-representation of women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in leadership roles within this institution, the strategies they use to navigate these challenges, and their perceived role of leadership in their advancement discourse. Despite significant progress toward gender parity, there remains a noticeable disparity between men and women in leadership positions, particularly within STEM fields. This study focuses on one of the public research institutes in South Africa, where the number of women in STEM leadership roles is still low compared to that of men. Through a multi-theoretical approach, the research investigates the challenges and barriers women in STEM face in advancing their careers to leadership roles. Using a semi-structured interview guide, the study adopted an interpretative phenomenological approach to understand the experiences of these women. Data were collected from 12 participants based in the Gauteng region over two months. A reflexive thematic analysis method was used to identify broad patterns within the data. The findings suggest that women in STEM face various challenges in their quest for leadership roles, as STEM environments are still male-dominated with subtle masculine cultures. Meaningful progress has been made in transforming the organization, but the work-life imbalance, and stringent structure of the career ladder emerged as barriers to advancement. These findings highlight the need to review some organizational practices and foster inclusive leadership.
The exploration of technological advancement changes on employee optimal performance: A case of Ubuhlebezwe Local Municipality.
(2025) Dlamini, Lethukuthula Paul.; Vilakazi, Blessing Fika Mlondi.
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the integration of technology solutions into organizations to ensure continuity in operations. It emphasised the role played by technology to enhance communication in the workplace. The advent of new technologies in the workplace has an impact on employees and their understanding of how things should be done. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of technological advancements on employees at the Ubuhlebezwe Local Municipality. Using a pragmatic worldview, the study adopted a qualitative approach and gathered relevant information through semi-structured interviews involving ten (10) administrative officials operating in key departments in the municipality to aid in gaining an in-depth understanding of the contribution played by technology to enhance service delivery. Thematic content analysis was used to interpret and analyse the data, which confirmed an urgent need for an upgraded technology infrastructure, especially in rural municipalities such as Ubuhlebezwe. The findings revealed that the lack of decent infrastructure significantly affects the retention of talented personnel, as they tend to seek employment in organisations that utilise better tools, thereby impacting the effectiveness of service delivery and the overall performance of the municipality. The study concludes that prioritised investment in robust technological infrastructure is vital for operational functionality and skilled employee retention in rural municipalities like Ubuhlebezwe. Further research is recommended to optimise this infrastructure. Proactively managing technological transitions, by addressing positive and negative consequences, allows the Ubuhlebezwe Local Municipality to leverage advancements. This enhances worker productivity and service efficacy while safeguarding their health and ensuring a smooth transition.
An evaluation of the back-to-basics programme to enhance municipal performance: the case of eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality.
(2024) Nzimande, Sbusiso.; Ngwenya, Charles Tony Simphiwe.
This study aimed to evaluate the Back-to-Basics Programme (B2BP) to enhance municipal performance in the case study of eThekwini Municipality. Since the advent of democracy, the local government system has been subject to several extensive reforms to ensure the municipalities are developmental-oriented. Hence, municipalities remain the cornerstone and the champions of service delivery for their citizenry. Against the backdrop, the National Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs 2014 introduced the B2BP to challenge the status quo at the municipality level. To ensure that municipalities serve communities better by focusing on the five (5) critical pillars, mainly public participation, infrastructure services, good governance, financial management, and building institutional capacity. This study adopted a qualitative method to generate information that answered the research questions. The interpretivism philosophy and the inductive approach with thematic analytical data interpretation informed this study. The study showed a significant improvement in how the municipality delivers services to its citizenry. The Back-to-Basics programme managed to improve the performance and functionality of the eThekwini Municipality through the implementation of the B2BP. However, some areas still had challenges, such as community participation, since many councillors failed to convene community meetings to report back to their communities. Furthermore, the program was confronted by numerous challenges, namely: - treating the B2BP as malicious compliance; the politicization of the B2BP; lack of political support; administrative instability due to high vacancy rates; poor political governance and political stability due to poor management of coalition. However, the B2BP has a great potential to change the status quo at the municipality level and, at the same time, enhance municipal performance and speed up service delivery. Therefore, in unleashing the potential of the B2BP, this study recommended that it is imperative to sustain the program through the reaffirmation of the commitment from both political and administrative authorities, ensuring de-politicization of the B2BP, strengthening monitoring and evaluation of the Back-to-Basics program to ensure accountability.
Exploring the managerial competencies for excellent performance in KwaZulu-Natal South African Police Services.
(2024) Shangase, Sthembokuhle Precious.; Kanyangale, MacDonald.
In South Africa (SA), previous research and the strategic plans for the South African Police Service (SAPS) have highlighted that inadequate managerial skills hinder professional advancement and effective crime management. The objective of this exploratory qualitative study was to examine managerial competencies for excellent performance, and subsequently, develop a framework for excellent performance tailored to the unique challenges faced by the SAPS in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Guided by an interpretivist research philosophy, this study utilized semi-structured interviews to gather data from a sample of 11 purposively selected high-performing police managers at the levels of Lieutenant Colonels, Colonels, and Brigadiers, to explore their understanding of the managerial competences which tip them to excellent performance. Participants were drawn from various components within the KZN SAPS Provincial Office, ensuring a diverse representation of experiences and insights. Interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis to derive key themes related to managerial competences for excellent performance, according to the police work experience of the selected high performing police officers who participated in the research. The study reveals seven themes relating to competencies that are essential for ensuring excellent performance within the KZN SAPS. These themes include emotional intelligence (EQ) to lead self and others, enhancing collaboration for effective work performance, effective communication across multiple forms to achieve desired results, decision-making in a variety of stable and volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) contexts, command leadership agility, technology-savviness for informed policing, and strategic thinking. The second research question in this study focused on how managerial competencies impact performance outcomes in the KZN SAPS. Seven themes relating to the competencies that influence performance outcomes within the organization emerged, including decisive leadership competency, communication competency, decision-making competency, knowledge and expertise competency, management and administrative competency, analytical thinking, and problemsolving competency. Lastly, a competency framework for excellent managerial performance in the KZN SAPS is developed and proposed. The framework provides a structured approach to equipping police managers with the skills necessary to navigate complex challenges and enhance organizational effectiveness. The study concludes that police leadership should focus on strengthening the identified managerial competencies if they are to build the SAPS with excellent performers, pivotal to improving service delivery and addressing crime management challenges in the KZN SAPS.
The impact of strategic leadership principles on business growth and financial sustainability: A Rand Water case study.
(2024) Mathoho, Rendani.; Dubihlela, Jobo.
This document entails a research study conducted at Rand Water with the aim of exploring the impact of strategic leadership principles on achieving business growth and sustainability. The study objectives and research questions were formulated to respond to the study’s aim adequately. A literature review was conducted covering all the major topics and theories relevant to the study, including strategic leadership, revenue growth, financial sustainability, and relevant legislation. A research methodology was developed to stipulate the research process. After considering various research methodologies, a qualitative case study research design was found to be more suitable for this research. This resulted in an inductive approach being utilized. The research population for this study was Rand Water managers in general, while the target population was managers at the middle management level and above. Data was collected through semistructured interviews, which were recorded and transcribed using MS Teams. The data was then analyzed using NVivo software based on thematic analysis. Initial codes were then developed and analyzed until the main codes were established. The main themes generated through this process were leadership, revenue growth, profitability, and sustainability It was concluded that Rand Water managers generally fully apply five of the seven strategic leadership principles to varying degrees. This represents a 72% application of the strategic leadership principles. The most embraced principles were found to be strategic partnerships, future-oriented strategies, and evidence-based decision-making. However, challenges remain in implementing new initiatives and maintaining ethical standards. Despite these challenges, it was found that Rand Water managed to sustain revenue growth and profitability, demonstrating the effectiveness of its strategic leadership. It was also concluded that the relationship between strategic leadership principles and both revenue growth and sustainability was direct and symmetrical. The four pieces of legislation that are crucial for Rand Water’s growth and sustainability were also identified. Recommendations that respond to the research objective and questions were also derived from the findings and conclusions. This study addresses growth and sustainability challenges for water utilities by recommending policy and legislative changes. It ensures reliable water supply and water security and adds to leadership and strategic knowledge through a practical case study.
An investigation of the readiness of Council for Scientific & Industrial Research software developers for the Fourth Industrial Revolution.
(2024) Mtambo, Nkosinathi Lucky.; Luthuli, Nomkhosi Hlengiwe.
Significant changes have been brought about by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, also referred to as Industry 4.0, as a result of the development of new technology that replaces the human factor with artificial intelligence, robotics, and automation. Many organisations currently have no existing strategy in place to address the needs of Industry 4.0. The purpose of this study is to determine how Industry 4.0 has developed at the Council for Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), and the underlying skill sets required for the organisation’s software developers to address the challenges posed by this phenomenon. Existing skills are no longer able to prepare software developers to face these challenges, and therefore skills development has become a priority. A sample of 15 experts in software engineering and technologists from the Next Generation Enterprise and Institutions (NGEI) Cluster at CSIR were interviewed by means of semi-structured interviews. Participants identified the need for training and reskilling, continuous learning, improvement of processes to allow for efficiency and sustainability, and for CSIR to train traditional managers as digital leaders. The study recommends that CSIR introduce knowledge-sharing sessions to encourage learning from other developers’ experiences, encouragement and support of ongoing educational programmes, training and skills development through various platforms, and that processes need to be re-engineered to address the demands and challenges of Industry 4.0.
An investigation of factors influencing leadership style and safety culture development within a sugar mill in South Africa.
(2024) Majola, Lungile Monette.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
The study explored factors that influence leadership styles in the development of a safety culture within a South African sugar mill. An examination of the relationship between leadership approaches and safety practices was conducted, together with an exploration into the impact of different leadership styles on employee safety behaviour and overall sugar mill safety culture. There have been several interventions aimed at mitigating safety risks, but there is a lack of understanding regarding the correlation between leadership styles and their effectiveness in fostering a robust safety culture. Transformational and transactional leadership theories underpinned the study and the effects of reducing safety incidents were evaluated. The study's primary objectives were the following; to identify the predominant leadership styles used by leaders in driving a safety culture within the sugar mill, to investigate the factors that influence leadership in driving a safety culture within the sugar mill, analyse the main challenges faced by leaders in fostering and maintaining a safety culture in the sugar mill, to provide strategies for improving leadership styles to enhance the development of a safety culture within the sugar mill. A qualitative research approach was employed, using semi-structured interviews with sixteen key stakeholders, which included first line leaders, middle leaders and senior leaders within the sugar mill. Additionally, secondary data thematic analysis from reputable journals, books and industry reports was utilised to identify patterns and build themes related to leadership styles and safety outcomes. The findings of the study revealed key factors such as communication, employee engagement, training and commitment to continuous improvement as influencing the leadership style and safety culture development. The study’s conclusions provide insights into how leadership styles influence safety culture in the sugar mill industry. The study also covered the importance of transformational leadership in inspiring and encouraging workers to put safety measures in place first and highlighted successes of transactional leadership in ensuring the safety procedures are followed. The research offers useful recommendations for the appropriate enhancement of leadership practices in the sugar mill industry by identifying the critical elements that influence leadership styles and their effect on safety within the sugar mill industry.
The Role of Female Leadership in Enhancing Internal Audit Effectiveness and Promoting Good Governance at eThekwini Municipality, South Africa.
(2024) Gqola, Zodumo.; Dubihlela, Jobo.
This research explores the role of female leadership in enhancing internal audit effectiveness and promoting good governance at eThekwini Municipality, South Africa. The eThekwini Municipality, the third-largest metropolitan area in the country, faces significant challenges related to governance, risk management, and control environments. Despite legislative frameworks like the Municipal Finance Management Act (MFMA) and ongoing national interventions, the municipality has consistently received unqualified audit opinions with material findings over the past five financial indicating persistent governance deficiencies. According to the Auditor-General South Africa (2024), an unqualified audit opinion signifies that the financial statements are free from material misstatements. However, unless a clean audit opinion is issued, there are still significant findings related to non-compliance with legislation, weaknesses in reporting on predetermined objectives, or both. This means that while the financial statements may be fairly presented, governance issues continue to hinder the municipality from achieving a clean audit opinion, highlighting ongoing concerns in accountability, transparency, and compliance. This study aims to assess how female leadership can directly influence the effectiveness of the internal audit function and address these governance issues. The significance of this research lies in its potential to inform policy and improve governance outcomes in eThekwini Municipality. By examining the unique competencies and contributions of female leaders, particularly in the internal audit function, the study specifically aims to (1) evaluate the effectiveness of eThekwini Municipality’s Internal Audit Unit in promoting good governance, (2) examine the leadership competencies of female leaders within the unit, (3) explore the relationship between female leadership and internal audit performance, and (4) provide a framework for policymakers and organizational leaders to promote good governance through gender-inclusive leadership practices. By assessing these dynamics, the study seeks to identify how female leadership can improve audit practices, foster transparency, enhance accountability, and address inefficiencies within the municipality’s governance structures. The study employed a structured analytical framework to assess the relationship between female leadership, internal audit effectiveness, and good governance at eThekwini Municipality. A quantitative research approach was adopted, utilising descriptive statistical techniques such as mean, standard deviation, and frequency analysis to evaluate audit effectiveness and leadership competencies. The study population consisted of 319 municipal employees, from which a purposive sample of 150 employees was selected to provide relevant insights. This sampling method ensured that participants with direct knowledge of internal audit and governance processes were included, enhancing the reliability of the findings. The results of the analysis found that 74% of respondents agreed that the internal audit unit is effective in promoting transparency and accountability, supporting good governance. In addition, 77% confirmed that the unit is proficient in identifying and managing risks, which is essential for proactive governance. Female leaders in the internal audit unit were viewed as highly competent, with 74% of respondents agreeing that female leadership positively impacts decision-making, fostering accountability and strategic planning. Moreover, 70% of respondents believed that female leadership has a constructive effect on internal audit performance, although only 53% identified female leaders as effective motivators for their teams. On the broader impact of gender-inclusive leadership, 86% of respondents agreed that it is essential for promoting good governance, and 85.7% supported prioritising gender diversity in leadership roles to enhance governance outcomes. This study is underpinned by Transformational Leadership Theory, the Corporate Governance Framework (King IV), Internal Audit Effectiveness Models (IPPF), Institutional Theory, Agency Theory, and Gender and Leadership Theory. Transformational Leadership Theory emphasizes the role of visionary and inspirational leadership in driving organizational effectiveness, fostering accountability, and promoting ethical governance. The Corporate Governance Framework (King IV) provides a structured approach to governance, emphasizing principles such as transparency, accountability, and integrity. Internal Audit Effectiveness Models, including the International Professional Practices Framework (IPPF), offer key guidelines for assessing audit performance. Institutional Theory examines how organisational structures and cultural norms influence the adoption of gender-inclusive leadership practices. Agency Theory explores the dynamics between municipal leadership (agents) and stakeholders (principals), highlighting the role of female leaders in strengthening oversight and accountability. Gender and Leadership Theory assesses the impact of gender diversity on leadership effectiveness, illustrating how female leaders bring unique attributes that enhance internal audit functions and governance outcomes. This study acknowledges several potential limitations. The research is focused on eThekwini Municipality, a single public entity in South Africa, meaning the findings may not be transferable to other organisations or businesses operating in different contexts. Secondly, the study employs a quantitative research approach, meaning the findings are limited to this method and cannot be generalized to studies using other research approaches.
Investigating the challenges of the University of KwaZulu-Natal attracting professional services staff.
(2024) Boyce, Zukiso.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
This study examined the challenges faced by tertiary institutions in attracting professional services staff. Universities are important to South Africa's education system, and addressing staff recruitment challenges is crucial for improving institutional effectiveness and supporting strategic goals. Higher Education Institutions in South Africa differentiate themselves through research and compete for competent individuals who can contribute to research goals. While most study on talent management focuses on other organisations, the challenges remain similar, compounded by limited resources and growing student numbers in higher education. The study was conducted across one tertiary institution with defined ICS ("IT"), internal audit, planning and monitoring, infrastructure planning and projects, HR, procurement, legal services, and Campus Management Services. Primary data was collected using self-administered questionnaires for the researcher respondents and secondary data was collected through documentary analysis of the relevant institution's records. A quantitative research method was chosen for this study. Data were analysed using SPSS, and different tests were used, including Chi-Squared and Cronbach Alpha tests. The sample size for the study is 50 and questionnaires were sent electronically to the respondents. The study revealed that the process of recruitment, promotion, performance management, and talent management still needs improvement. The outcomes of the research are valuable for institution management and human resources departments. Some useful recommendations involved that leaders and managers should be actively involved in the process from the beginning, setting the strategy and talent requirements and engaging staff in their own development. Further, creating a supportive and nurturing environment that allows service staff members to add significantly to the general efficacy of the institution is paramount.
Investigating the challenges of an audit software at eThekwini municipality internal audit unit.
(2025) Mthembu, Vusumuzi Howard.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
The increasing reliance on technology in auditing has raised concerns regarding the efficiency and effectiveness of audit processes within public institutions. This study investigates the challenges associated with audit software at eThekwini Municipality’s Internal Audit Unit, examining its impact on audit efficiency, data accuracy, compliance, and overall performance. The purpose of the study is to assess whether the absence or limitations of auditing software affect internal audit operations and to determine the potential benefits of its implementation. A quantitative research approach was employed, utilizing a structured questionnaire distributed online to internal auditors. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, including correlation and regression analysis, to evaluate relationships between key audit performance indicators and software usage. The findings provide insights into the necessity and effectiveness of audit software in enhancing internal audit functions. Initially, the study highlighted notable deficiencies present in the unit. These included a lack of real-time monitoring capabilities, inadequate integration of data analytics, and antiquated manual processes that impede the speed and accuracy of audits. Secondly, the study evaluated the efficacy and efficiency of the internal audit unit’s operations by examining how closely these operations adhered to accepted auditing standards and how well they served the municipality's goals. The research found areas where the unit had successfully carried out its mandate, such as regulatory compliance and the detection of financial anomalies. But the study also identified challenges, such as a lack of funding, a lack of ongoing professional development for employees, and possible problems with the thoroughness and timeliness of audit findings. The study concluded by examining the possible advantages of the internal audit unit implementing auditing software. According to the study, the unit's efficiency might have increased by putting such software into place because it would automate repetitive processes, improve the speed and accuracy of data analysis, and allow for continuous monitoring and real-time auditing. The study consisted of a sample size of 45 internal audit unit employees of eThekwini municipality. The employees from all levels of the unit were selected start from the Chief Audit Executive (head of unit), deputy heads (internal audit), senior audit managers, internal audit specialists, senior auditors and internal auditors.
Assessing the role of inventory management in construction project cost overrun in a small and medium-sized enterprise in Witbank.
(2025) Majatladi, Tebogo Hilton.; Tefera, Orthodox.; Martins, Ana Maria De Azevedo.
Material inputs are an important factor in the success of construction projects, directly impacting costs and timelines. Mabhele and Associates is a small-medium enterprise supporting or subcontracting infrastructure projects. Cost overruns are a recurring issue in South Africa’s infrastructure projects, affecting economic stability. This study explores how effective inventory management can mitigate cost overruns in construction projects at Mabhele and Associates in Witbank, South Africa. Eight participants were purposively selected from the 29 employees of the enterprise based on inclusion criteria, ensuring a diverse and in-depth mix of respondents capable of providing comprehensive insights. The dissertation comprises two critical parts: a comprehensive literature review and fieldwork. This study assessed the challenges associated with inventory management in construction projects. The research employed a qualitative design, using interviews as the primary data collection method. Thematic analysis of the interviews reveals several challenges impacting project efficiency, including procurement delays, material shortages, and inadequate storage management. These issues often stem from cumbersome procurement processes requiring multiple quotations and approvals, leading to delays in material availability. Additionally, limited storage space complicates on-site material management, contributing to inefficiencies. Findings indicate that cost overruns are exacerbated by poor project management, underestimation of project costs during feasibility studies, and scope creep. Regulatory factors like compliance sometimes result in less experienced companies securing contracts, leading to inaccurate quotes and inefficiencies. Inexperience with contract management, inaccurate project coding, and hiring uncommitted companies further contribute to project delays and increased costs. The study showed that improving procurement processes, storage management, and project planning can significantly mitigate cost overruns. Strategic recommendations include fostering clear communication with suppliers, monitoring delivery schedules, and ensuring proper contract and project management. This research's findings may apply to similar organisations within the construction industry, providing valuable insights for improving inventory management practices and reducing project costs across the sector.
Investigating the factors that influence branding of grocery retail shopping apps in Durban.
(2024) Heeralal, Vishay.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
Grocery retail shopping apps present a new frontier for organisations as a means of gaining a competitive advantage, as groceries are a mandatory component of household expenditure. With the rise of a hyperconnected society due to advancements in technology and network infrastructure, it has become imperative that organisations understand how customers interact with brands whilst shopping using grocery applications. The influence of branding on the usage and perceptions of customers whilst using these grocery shopping apps has emerged as a crucial factor in determining their adoption and success. The study aims to investigate the factors that influence branding within the context of grocery retail shopping apps in Durban. The available extant literature has been reviewed to reveal insights and findings involving how brand loyalty, brand trust, brand image, and customer experience shape customer behaviour and preferences whilst using grocery retail shopping apps. Using the quantitative approach, through the incorporation of closed question questionnaires, from a sample of 276 participants having used a grocery retail shopping app, the research delves into the role of branding in the purchase decision and revisit intention of consumers. The study also highlights the importance of userfriendly features and app design in enhancing the brand experience. The findings reveal that consumers in Durban gravitate towards brands within grocery shopping apps which match their perceived expectations and are backed by the physical grocery retail stores. Consumers also embrace the omnichannel strategy of grocery retail stores as they prefer multiple touchpoints to perform their grocery shopping activities. The insights gained from this study will assist retailers in the design and development of future grocery retail shopping apps and serve to inform the strategic decisions of grocery retailers, allowing them to develop the market for their grocery retail shopping apps. The study will also provide useful information for retailers to leverage the power of branding to attract and retain loyal customers in a competitive grocery retail marketplace.
Examining the management of change from a water board into a Regional Water Utility in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
(2024) Mngwengwe, Sarah Sibongile.; Khanyangale, MacDonald.
While the reconfiguration of Umgeni Water and uMhlathuze Water Boards in KwaZulu-Natal is a crucial step towards effective water provision, there is a lack of research on how the change was actually managed, channels of communication used, and nature of employee resistance experienced in the change process. The main research objective of this exploratory qualitative study is to examine change management methods, communication, and employee resistance during the reconfiguration of the water board into a regional water utility in KwaZulu-Natal. This exploratory qualitative study design involved twenty participants selected to achieve data saturation. The participant pool consisted of executive members, senior management, middle management, representatives from organised labour, and employees who directly experienced the reconfiguration of a Regional Water Utility in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The purposive sampling technique was used to select participants from the uMngeniuThukela Regional Water Utility. Data were gathered using semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic approaches to get dominant themes depicting change management methods, communication, and employees’ resistance during the reconfiguration of a water board into a regional water utility in KZN. The results revealed a variety of six themes related to change management methods used to ensure the successful reconfiguration of a water board into a regional water utility in KwaZulu-Natal, which include (1) top-down approach (2) visible leadership to drive change agenda (3) less structured change pathway (4) communicating the change process (5) consultant-driven change and (6) change agents-driven approach. Eight different formal and informal communication channels were used for clarity of messaging to reach employees during the reconfiguration: (1) face-to-face executive announcements, (2) Executive led internal workshops; (3) executive and board meetings; (4) excessive dependence on mass emails; (5) grapevine communication; (6) communication circulars; (7) brown bag sessions; and (8) executive-led staff information sessions. However, employee resistance emerged as a significant challenge, stemming from the top-down change process, concerns about job loss, psychological safety, and board instability were the root causes of employees’ resistance during the reconfiguration of the water board into a regional water utility in KwaZulu-Natal. To mitigate employee resistance the study recommends the importance of clear and effective communication channels for conveying consistent and transparent messages across various levels of the organisation, which is key for effective change processes and management. Establishing diverse communication channels tailored to different employees is very important for nurturing an informed workforce. Employees’ resistance to change may be diminished if the top-down approach change is replaced with a consultative approach, and addressing the lack of leadership visibility is paramount for ensuring that change management is smooth, engaging, and not intimidating for employees.
An assessment of incubatee selection criteria and its role on National Construction Incubator performance.
(2024) Phakathi, Siyabonga Wilson.; Chasomeris, Mihalis Georgiou.
Governments worldwide have pinned the hopes of economic recovery on the Small Micro and Medium Enterprises (SMMEs) that face the daunting challenge of survival. It is widely recognized that business incubators have been promoted as a solution for lowering the failure rate of these SMMEs. As a result, the number of business incubators has increased globally, including in South Africa to assist with professional business development services for SMMEs. Consequently, significant time has been devoted to researching business incubators and their role in SMME success. However, the effectiveness of these incubators is still in question, thus a study of an assessment of the selection criteria and its impact on the National Construction Incubator's performance. This study is premised up two fundamental objectives and these include to explore the association between selection criteria and the business incubator performance and to explore the role of the incubatee selection process on the performance of the incubator. To address these research objectives, a qualitative approach was followed, where interviews were conducted with a sample of incubatees to assess the incubatee selection criteria and its effect on National Construction Incubator performance. The selection process involved advertising opportunities on digital platforms and newspapers, interested entrepreneurs applied, and shortlisted candidates were called for interviews. The study used thematic analysis of interviews with fifteen incubates and three support managers who sat in the selection process of the incubatees. The findings provide significant insights into how the selection of incubatees, and the criteria used during this process can influence various performance outcomes of the incubator, such as the success rate of incubated businesses, resource optimization, and the incubator’s overall sustainability. Considering these findings, the study recommended modern business incubators must maintain a clearly understood selection process and criteria for prospective incubatees to ensure that the right candidates are reached and eventually selected. The calibre of management of the incubator is also critical in the performance of the incubatees and the incubator as such it is important that this be central in the process.
Assessment and enhancement of beach water quality management strategies in eThekwini Municipality.
(2024) Mbatha, Stanley Sizwe.; Chasomeris, Mihalis Georgiou.
Beaches are key tourist attractions in Durban and KwaZulu-Natal, offering diverse recreational activities along approximately 2,800 km of coastline. Managed by eThekwini Municipality, these beaches are vital for swimming, surfing, fishing, and other water sports. Effective management of beach water quality, influenced by inland activities and river discharges, is essential for both tourism and environmental health. This study aimed to assess and enhance beach water quality management strategies in eThekwini Municipality. It assessed current practices, evaluated their effectiveness, identified primary pollution sources, and proposed improvements. Using purposive sampling, insights were gathered from decision-makers in water quality management across seven key municipal sectors from the eThekwini Municipality and three non-profit organisations: Adopt-A-River, Green Corridor, and Duzi Umgeni Conservation Trust. Primary data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews via Microsoft Teams, which were recorded, transcribed, and analysed with NVivo software to identify critical themes in water quality management strategies. Findings revealed that the eThekwini Municipality lacks a formal beach water management strategy despite conducting periodic water quality monitoring of beaches and rivers. The study further reveals that the current monitoring system is ineffective in ensuring compliance with both international and local water quality standards for safe recreational use. This is evident from the frequent failure to meet the required levels of ≤ 200 cfu/100 ml for Enterococci and ≤ 500 cfu/100 ml for Escherichia coli (E. coli), particularly during 2022, leading to numerous intermittent beach closures, a problem that continues to persist. The study identified sewer infrastructure as the primary source of pollution, exacerbated by the April 2022 floods, although issues existed prior to this event. The study recommends developing an integrated beach water quality management strategy, improving the current water quality monitoring plan, increasing the sanitation budget, implementing education and awareness campaigns, aligning organisational functions, investing in ICT and innovations, as well as fostering partnerships with private stakeholders to enhance waste management practices.

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