Masters Degrees (Graduate School of Business and Leadership)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/10413/7378

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Succession planning as a tool to manage leadership turnover in Historically Disadvantaged Higher Education Institutions in South Africa.
(2023) Ngcobo, Raynolds Thabo.; Bhasela, Yalezo.
Leadership turnover remains a worldwide perennial challenge to institutions of higher learning. Against this background, this to study investigated how Historically Disadvantaged Higher Education Institutions in South Africa use succession planning as a tool to manage leadership turnover, focussing on the management of leadership turnover, establishing current practice in implementing their succession planning policies, analysing how they mediate the tension between succession planning policies and recruitment policies, ascertaining the implications of their succession planning policies and practices for leadership development, and investigating if leadership succession planning is incorporated into their talent management strategies. The descriptive research design was adopted to understand the effect of succession planning on leadership turnover. Qualitative research was conducted to understand and explain the subject matter under investigation. Seven Historically Disadvantaged Higher Education Institutions in South Africa, located in four provinces: Western Cape, Limpopo, Eastern Cape and KwaZulu Natal, were selected for this study. The targeted population was approximately fifty participants, comprising Deputy Vice Chancellors, Registrars, Deans of Faculties and Executive Directors. Using the purposive sampling technique, twelve participants, who constituted the accessible population, were further selected. To collect primary data, semi-structured interviews were used. The data collected was then manually transcribed and analysed using the NVivo, Version 13.0 software, and thematic analysis to generate, organise and report the main and sub-themes emerging from the study. Findings showed that turnover at leadership levels in Historically Disadvantaged Higher Education Institutions could be managed through different strategies including, offering favourable terms and conditions of employment, internal and/or external recruitment, internal promotions, employee training and development, identification of people with potential, leadership involvement, and advance human resource planning. This study provides an in-depth understanding and knowledge of leadership succession planning in the seven Historically Disadvantaged Higher Education Institutions in South African and recommends that they continue to invest and implement in succession planning to manage leadership turnover through customised formalised processes.
The impact of the business acquisition to eliminate factors resulting in employee disengagement at 4Packaging.
(2022) Zungu, Boniwe Akhona Mandisa.; Ngwenya, Charles Tony Simphiwe.; Mashau, Pfano.
Organisations exist in Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity, and Ambiguity (VUCA). Hence there is a modest expectation that employees will naturally remain engaged without the organisation strategically implementing interventions. More especially in an organisation where there have been recurrent changes in leadership, organisational structure, and organisational culture in a period of fewer than six years such as 4Packaging Africa Durban. These changes could positively or negatively impact employees’ perceptions, behaviour, and performance. Since the previous acquisition, the researcher had observed a growing pattern of disengaged workers before 4Packaging Africa Durban took over the business. With all these changes, there is a need to ascertain whether this behaviour is aggravated by the acquisitions, what factors drive it, and what effects does it have on employees’ level of engagement? Factors identified in the study, which harm employee engagement include lack of communication, consultation, management, unequal treatment, disregarding employees, machines, remuneration, and trust. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact during the acquisition to recommend strategies aimed at eliminating factors that result in employee disengagement. The key assumption of this study is that effective communication during a business acquisition can eliminate factors that result in employee disengagement at 4Packaging Africa Durban. Literature pertinent to employee disengagement and employee engagement was consulted to develop a greater understanding of the theories underpinning employee disengagement concerning a business acquisition. A formal qualitative research approach underpinned by a research tool, in-depth interviews, was employed in this study. As the researcher sought in-depth information from the 4Packaging Africa Durban employees, on the investigated topic. This methodology was appropriate for the research study as a real-world situation was being explored as it unfolds naturally. Data collected from open-ended and repeated in-depth interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. The key findings indicate that 4Packaging Africa Durban employees are disengaged, they value communication during the process of a business acquisition, and they were negatively impacted by the business acquisition. The research findings are critical for eliminating factors that result in employee disengagement during a business acquisition at 4Packaging Africa Durban.
Exploring the role of transformational leadership in overcoming post-coronavirus challenges and building resilience in tourism SMMEs in eThekwini Municipality.
(2025) Maduna, Welcome.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
This study explores the role of transformational leadership in overcoming postcoronavirus challenges and building resilience in tourism SMMEs in eThekwini Municipality. It aims to understand the role of transformational leadership and resilience in navigating these challenges, focusing on how leadership styles can empower diverse workforce groups and foster organisational resilience. Using a qualitative approach, the research incorporated demographic insights through semistructured interviews with eighteen participants who included SMME leaders, managers, and employees who were purposively sampled. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse interview transcripts and document data. The findings revealed that demographic diversity, structural inequities, and a competitive digital landscape significantly impact SMMEs' operations. The study highlights that adaptive leadership is crucial for empowering teams and enabling them to withstand external pressures, emphasising the importance of tailored support mechanisms for diverse employee needs. Thus, this study recommends that policymakers should enhance financial support for tourism SMMEs. SMME leaders are encouraged to adopt transformational leadership practices that foster adaptability and team cohesion, promote resilience through community partnerships, and implement tailored communication strategies for their diverse workforce. Future research should focus on the long-term effects of digital transformation, the role of inclusive policy frameworks for black-led SMMEs and longitudinal studies to evaluate the effectiveness of resilience-building measures.
Analyzing leadership and management competencies required by management at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
(2024) Sichela, Thobile Penelope.; Chummum, Bibi Zaheenah.
The institutions of Higher Learning find themselves battling several challenges, and the reduced funding from the government due to the global economic crisis has affected these institutions. Higher Learning institutions were also affected by the global pandemic, which meant that the institutions of higher learning had to transform their teaching methods from in-person teaching to online teaching, which has an impact way of teaching going forward. The institutions had to deal with constant student protests, which sometimes resulted in violence. Amongst all these challenges, the institution of learning, University of KwaZulu-Natal, has to find ways to deal with these challenges and remain relevant on the global stage and maintain its ranking status, and reputation. The University of KwaZulu-Natal has been through major changes in the past ten years and is undergoing yet another transformation. This study aims to explore the state of leadership and management competencies at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in the context of change and challenges that emerge in the Institute of Higher Learning. A quantitative study was conducted, and six objectives were employed to test whether the institution has suitable leaders and managers to lead the institution to meet its vision, mission, and goals. The study has a population size of 106, with an 84-sample size. The quantitative study was conducted using a descriptive and correlational design, and a random sampling technique was employed in this study. The questionnaire with 43 open-ended questions was posted on the UKZN notice to the University employees. 60 of the leadership and management employees, both academic and professional, participated in this study, resulting in a 71% response rate, with 20% academic management and the other 80% support staff management. The theoretical review was conducted in terms of theories, models, and frameworks to find new theories, gaps, and future studies. SPSS ANOVA statically instrument was used to analyze data, by analyzing the variables’ means, standard deviation, regression, and graphs. The hypotheses were tested through testing t-values and confidence levels to test managers’ competencies through managers' leadership style, trainingand development, management experience and educational background, management barriers, andtechnology leadership. There is a strong positive correlation between the institution leaders' and managers'skills, abilities, and competencies to lead the institution. The study has found that UKZN managers andleaders have the competencies required to manage the institution effectively. The study found gaps inwhether leaders’ and managers' team members found their respective leaders and managers to havecompetitive skills and the ability to manage the institution effectively. The future study recommendationis to test whether the leaders and managers team managers believe their team managers have thecompetencies, skills, and abilities to manage the teams.
Evaluating the Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee Performance: A Case Study of BDP International in KwaZulu-Natal.
(2024) Ndinisa, Nonsikelelo Nonhlanhla Prudence.; Kanyangale, MacDonald.
Leadership is a critical factor influencing organisational success, yet its effects on employee performance remain underexplored at BDP International (Turner Shipping) in KwaZulu-Natal. This exploratory qualitative study investigates the leadership styles at BDP International, which is a logistics and supply company operating in KwaZulu-Natal, and their impact on employee performance. There were ten executive and middle-level managers selected from BDP International in KwaZulu-Natal using a purposive sampling technique who participated in this qualitative study. There is limited research on how leadership styles affect employee performance in KwaZulu-Natal’s logistics sector. This study focuses on BDP International to address this gap and provide context-specific insights. Data were collected from top level executives and managers at BDP International using semi-structured interviews. Interview data were analysed using thematic analysis. First, the results of this exploratory study reveal that the five different themes identified as depicting the predominant leadership styles at BDP International in KwaZulu-Natal are as follow: (1) mixing of transformational, transactional and directing styles; (2) minimal employee involvement in decision-making, (3) pursuit of alignment of the company’s goals and objectives, (4) low fidelity two-way communication between managers and employees, and (5) limited engaging feedback for employee creativity, problem-solving and growth at BDP International. Second, the study has found five themes revealing how leadership styles affect employee performance. Transactional style for employee operational efficiency and performance culture, structured, constructive but irregular feedback not good for continuous employee improvement, driving employee job satisfaction through clarity of goals, structured expectations and rewards, leadership for employee retention and empowering and adaptive leadership to improve employee performance are the themes which depict the effect of leadership style on employee performance. Lastly, three key recommendations highlighted by participants in this study for enhancing and improving leadership practices are (1) Integrated and regular leadership development, (2) leadership development for new growth, and (3) holistic assessment of leadership effectiveness and progression. Future research may explore the long-term impact of leadership development, hybrid leadership styles, diversity, and digital transformation on leadership effectiveness in the logistics sector.
An analysis of capital expenditure for South African ports: trends and stakeholders’ comments.
(2025) Nzimande, Nokulunga Nongcebo.; Chasomeris, Mihalis Georgiou.
This study analyses capital expenditure trends at the South African ports from financial years 2018/19 to 2022/23, with a focus on stakeholders' viewpoints and underlying challenges. Transnet National Ports Authority, a part of Transnet SOC Ltd, oversees the operation and administration of South Africa's eight commercial ports, which play a critical role in facilitating maritime trade. South Africa's strategic location along global trade routes emphasizes the importance of its ports, which are state-owned and administered by Transnet SOC Ltd via TNPA. South Africa's ports are given importance to the national economy and understanding capital expenditure and its implications is critical for improving operational efficiency and competitiveness in the maritime sector. The National Ports Authority is crucial in assuring the proper running of the country's port infrastructure, which is vital for economic progress. The study addresses concerns regarding the effective implementation of capital expenditure in the ports sector, identifying key challenges and exploring possible incentives to improve spending efficiency. The research employs a mixed-method approach, utilizing secondary data from publicly available documents, such as Records of Decision documents, Annual Financial Statements (AFS) available on the Transnet Group, the Tariff Methodology Manuals of the Ports Regulator of South Africa, various tariff applications from TNPA, and feedback from stakeholders on the TNPA tariff application. Additionally, the study employs primary data collected through purposive interviews with four individuals who have been directly involved and have expertise in capital expenditure decision-making processes. The study also examines stakeholder’s concerns and recommendations related to tariff regulations and capital investment strategies. This research contributes to the discourse on port infrastructure investment, offering recommendations for improving capital expenditure processes at NPA. The insights gained from this analysis are intended to inform policymakers and industry stakeholders, fostering a collaborative approach to enhance the effectiveness of capital investments in the port sector. Ultimately, this study highlights the importance of strategic capital expenditure in supporting South Africa's economic growth and its position in the global maritime sector.
Examining the role and sustainability of the Umbumbulu Agri-Hub as a model to support smallholder farmers.
(2024) Motloung, Peacemaker Tumelo.; Chasomeris, Mihalis Georgiou.
The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of an Agricultural Farmers Support Center in KwaZulu-Natal's Umbumbulu Town as a model for helping small-scale farmers in rural areas. The mixed-methods approach was adopted to gather and analyse qualitative and quantitative data to gain an in-depth understanding of the Hub's impact. Quantitative data were collected through semi-structured questionnaires which were distributed to 29 smallholder farmers engaged in the Hub's activities. The investigation employed regression modelling to ascertain significant determinants of farm income, including gender, age, type of farming, and the frequency of Hub visits. Qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews with the Hub's management and municipal officials representatives, while the quantitative data was collected with the open and closed questionnaire that was administered by the research to the Umbumbulu Agri- Hub registered farmers. The results demonstrated that agricultural extension services are widely supported and that the Umbumbulu Agri-Hub has benefited farmers by serving as a channel for providing extension services to smallholder farmers in rural areas. The results indicated that the Umbumbulu Agri-Hub functions on an open-source small-scale business model designed to address the requirements of resource-limited smallholder farmers. The Hub's offerings, encompassing training, subsidised inputs, technical assistance, and market facilitation, have markedly enhanced agricultural yields and quality for most farmers. Regular visits to the hub correlated positively with increased income levels, which highlighted the significance of active participation in its services.
The significance of the small-scale renewable energy market for Eskom.
(2024) Mpanza, Nozipho Innocentia.; Proches, Cecile Gerwel.
Eskom is a state-owned company that has supplied South Africa and the southern African region with electricity for over 100 years. It has been more than ten years since the first ‘load shedding’ occurred in 2008, which intensified between 2019 and 2020. Eskom has been providing electricity at all costs, despite challenges due to commissioning delays and underperformance of new-build generators. These challenges have led to chronic failures of aging generation equipment in the last two years, causing lower-than-optimal economic growth in the country. The Energy Availability Factor, which provides a monthly percentage of available megawatts (MW) from the total fleet, has fallen in the last three years. These challenges form the basis that necessitate a study such as the current investigation, which focuses on alternative measures that Eskom can implement to meet the electricity demand for the country, other than depending on coal-fired generation plants, to increase the capacity of electricity delivered, to improve the availability of installed capacity, and to maintain and increase the customer base. This qualitative study was conducted to examine the significance of the small-scale renewable energy market for Eskom, which can provide alternative electricity sources for customers and improve the organisation’s financial state. Purposive sampling was used to select the 20 participants included in the study, and semi-structured interviews were conducted via MS Teams. The participants comprised Eskom Distribution managerial employees who form part of a small-scale renewable energy project for Eskom. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data collected during the interviews. From the findings, it emerged that participants viewed Eskom’s participation in the small-scale renewable energy market as critical to the country in many ways, in terms of retaining and gaining customers, benefiting stakeholders such as customers, developers, financial institutions, and educational institutions, and ultimately ensuring long-term energy security for the country. The recommendations emanating from the study are that Eskom needs to: 1) ensure that there are plans for distribution network expansion and improvement to accommodate renewable energy sources; 2) reconsider connection costs for renewable energy plants to be more affordable for the customers; 3) ensure that product marketing is intense to attract more customers; and 4) facilitate workforce training for proper execution of work related to the renewable energy market.
An exploration of measures to enhance the financial sustainability of the uMgungundlovu District Municipality.
(2025) Sabela, Nkosikhona Collen Quincy.; Luthuli, Nomkhosi Hlengiwe.; Vilakazi, Blessing Fika Mlondi.
This study investigates the financial sustainability of the uMgungundlovu District Municipality (UMDM), a key component of effective municipal governance in South Africa. The research is guided by four theoretical frameworks: Financial Control Theory, Contingency Theory, Collaborative Governance Theory, and Risk Management Theory. Financial Control Theory underscores the need for sound fiscal management and accountability; Contingency Theory considers the municipality’s adaptability to external pressures such as economic and technological changes; Collaborative Governance Theory emphasizes stakeholder cooperation in addressing complex service delivery issues; and Risk Management Theory highlights the importance of identifying, assessing, and mitigating financial and operational risks to safeguard long-term sustainability. The research examines the root causes of financial instability, including escalating debtor balances, cash flow difficulties, and operational inefficiencies, while proposing actionable strategies to strengthen the municipality’s financial resilience. A convergent one-phase mixedmethod approach was employed, integrating quantitative data from 104 municipal customers with qualitative insights from interviews with 9 municipal officials. This comprehensive methodology enabled a thorough analysis of financial management practices, customer experiences, and operational challenges within UMDM. Key findings indicate that economic constraints, inaccurate billing, and errors in municipal statements significantly hinder customers' ability to pay for services. High tariff rates and insufficient income exacerbate these challenges. Qualitative insights further reveal issues such as aging infrastructure, inconsistent meter readings, and weak enforcement of policies and bylaws as major barriers to financial sustainability. Municipal officials emphasized the importance of strategic leadership, robust governance, and enhanced financial practices to address these challenges effectively. The study concludes that achieving financial sustainability requires a holistic approach. Proactive public engagement, consumer education, and strengthened collaborative governance are essential for fostering stakeholder trust and compliance. Additionally, operational reforms, including modernised infrastructure, improved financial controls, and integrated planning, are critical to ensuring UMDM’s ability to deliver equitable and sustainable services amidst economic and institutional challenges.
An exploration of the restructuring of port governance and economic regulation in South Africa.
(2024) Tsautse, Moeletsi Wiseman.; Chasomeris, Mihalis Georgiou.
Port governance structures and economic regulation are vital to investment, effectiveness, efficiencies, and production. The determining factor is the port management, whether centralized directly under the state as a state-owned entity (SOE), decentralized to local government, or privatized. South Africa has eight commercial ports strategically located along the country’s coastline. Ports facilitate economic growth and recognize the need for an effective and efficient logistics model. Contemporary port reforms dictate that ports either subscribe to a public service port, a tool port, or a landlord port or adopt the public-private partnership approach. However, due to poor management, several governance inefficiencies at the Durban and Cape Town ports have been experienced, triggering operational challenges and negatively impacting economic growth and competitiveness. This study explores the possibility of the restructuring of port governance structure and economic regulation in South Africa. The study uses a qualitative research method. A purposive sampling technique method was followed due to study participants’ industry knowledge and experience. Semi-structured online interviews were conducted for data collection. Due to limited time and resources, only five of the six identified study participants contributed to the study. The data collected was analyzed and coded, and themes were generated using an online thematic analysis tool. Thematic analysis is a method for identifying, analyzing, and reporting patterns (themes) within data collected. The main findings confirmed the need to explore a more effective governance structure model, port pricing, tariff methodology reform, and the need for private sector participation in the marine sector. Therefore, the study recommends that TNPA conduct an assessment and an investigation on amending the legal framework governing ports and the corporatization of NPA for the port regulator of South Africa to focus on regulatory matters that advance port investment and oversight mechanisms. Additionally, the participation of the private sector in the provision of marine services should enhance the economic growth of the region and improve efficiency and competitiveness.
Examining the Role of Digital Transformation Within Coca-Cola Beverages South Africa’s Manufacturing Facilities.
(2025) Ntuli, Hloniphani.; Majola, Xoliswa Priscilla.
This study examines the impact of digital transformation on operational efficiency, employee productivity, and job satisfaction within Coca-Cola Beverages South Africa’s (CCBSA) manufacturing facilities. The research examines the economic, social, legal, and environmental implications of adopting digital technologies in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) manufacturing sector. Using a quantitative research approach, structured surveys were administered at four key manufacturing sites: Phoenix, Premier, Elgin, and Lakeside. Stratified random sampling ensured representation from frontline workers, managers, and control and automation specialists. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha for internal reliability, and correlation analysis to determine key relationships between digitisation and performance indicators. The findings reveal that digital transformation at CCBSA has led to significant operational improvements, including enhanced workflow, reduced production downtime, and increased employee satisfaction. Respondents noted that digital tools streamlined operations, enhanced communication, and improved consistency across manufacturing processes. A moderate positive correlation was found between the costs of implementing digital systems and longterm cost savings, supporting the economic viability of digitisation investments. However, the study also identifies critical challenges, particularly concerns over job displacement due to automation and the need for ongoing upskilling to manage more complex digital systems. These insights underscore the importance of human-centred change management strategies, including comprehensive training, transparent communication, and incentives to support workforce adaptability. The study contributes to both academic literature and industry practice by offering evidencebased recommendations to guide successful digital transformation in manufacturing. It emphasises that addressing employee concerns and fostering a supportive organisational culture are essential for achieving sustainable digital integration. Future research is recommended to explore the longitudinal effects of digitisation and the role of leadership in navigating these transformations.
The impact of public procurement on business success of small micro medium enterprises: case of Greater Kokstad Municipality.
(2025) Mhlongo, Fezile Leeroy.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
Small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa are struggling to survive. However, improving their success rate in public procurement will significantly enhance their business growth and success. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of public procurement on the success of SMMEs within the Greater Kokstad Municipality (GKM). The aim was to gain a deeper understanding of how effective public procurement can be in assisting SMMEs in becoming successful businesses that can contribute to the local economy. The study employed a qualitative research method, utilizing a case study design. Twelve (12) participants were selected for the study, which consisted of municipal officials and local SMMEs. In-depth semi-structured interviews served as the primary data collection method to gain a comprehensive understanding of the impact of public procurement on the business success of local SMMEs. Qualitative data was analysed using thematic analysis. The thematic analysis was conducted on the information received from interview transcription. The study findings revealed that public procurement in the GKM can enhance the profitability of local SMMEs and contribute to building their reputation and experience. However, several barriers such as limited access to finance, competition from larger firms, delayed payments, lack of transparency and corruption continue to hinder the growth and success of SMMEs within the GKM procurement system. Although government policies do exist to support and develop SMMEs in public procurement, their effective implementation remains a challenge in supporting local SMMEs in the GKM, as these policies lack practical support to address the needs of these enterprises. The study highlights the need for a more pragmatic approach to supporting local SMMEs, including strengthening training programs, improving access to finance, having more inclusive procurement measures and greater transparency within the procurement process. The outcome of the study contributes to a broader understanding of the dynamics of local SMMEs operating within the public procurement market. The findings collectively enhance knowledge on SMME development and public sector reform, while also enriching the existing literature on public procurement, small business growth, and local economic development. It bridges theory and practice in promoting inclusive growth, opening opportunities for future research aimed at improving procurement systems to better support local enterprises.
Analysing the impact of recruitment challenges on hiring efficiency at Scribante Labour Consultants, a case study.
(2024) Nonyongo, Lwandile Banele.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
Private Employment Agencies significantly contribute to reducing unemployment in South Africa, yet challenges in agency work persist. This study explores the recruitment challenges at Scribante Labour Consultants, a private employment agency, focusing on two business models: Temporary Employment Services and Labour Consultants. Temporary Employment Services involves outsourcing employees to other companies, while Labour Consultants retain compensation management and Human Resources related responsibilities. Additionally, the study contextualises Agency Work, a prominent international model. A literature review examined International Labour Organization Conventions, Temporary Employment Services, and South African labour laws, with Agency theory framing the research. Employing a quantitative approach, the study utilised probability sampling and cluster sampling criteria. Surveys were administered to Scribante Labour Consultant associates, including Automotive Investment Holdings Mahindra Logistics, Toyoda Gosei South Africa, and Toyota Tsusho Africa. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (V23) and descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed challenges in stakeholder representation, with organisations like Confederation of Association in the Private Employment Sector earning high trust while others, such as Information Technology Association and Contact Centre Management Group, faced lower engagement. Scribante Labour Consultants aligned well with International Labour Organization standards on minimum wages and collective bargaining but exhibited gaps in areas like freedom of association, social security, and maternity protection. Recommendations include enhancing stakeholder engagement, improving communication, and aligning practices with International Labour Organization Convention (No. 181). Integrating online and traditional recruitment strategies, addressing mismatches in candidate qualifications and roles, and refining maternity protection policies are essential for Scribante Labour Consultants to improve service delivery and strengthen its position in the private employment sector.
An exploratory analysis of higher education student funding and graduate employability: a case study of a University of Technology in South Africa.
(2025) Manashe, Absolom Innocent.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
With a focus on a particular KwaZulu-Natal higher education institution, this study examined the effect of student funding for higher education on graduate employability in South Africa. The purpose of the study was to determine whether more funding increased employability by establishing a connection between graduate employment rates and student funding. The study employed a quantitative research technique to examine data from 176 graduates who received funding from a range of sources, including self-funding, private sponsors, Private Bursaries, and the National Student Financial Aid Scheme (NSFAS). The findings revealed a weak positive correlation between the source of funding and employment status, suggesting that while funding aided in access to higher education, it did not significantly guarantee employment. The study highlighted the need for comprehensive support systems, including work-integrated learning (WIL) programs, to enhance employability. Additionally, it underscored the importance of addressing disparities in basic education to ensure equitable access to higher education and subsequent employment opportunities. The research concluded that while increased funding had led to higher enrolment and graduation rates, it had not proportionately reduced graduate unemployment. The study recommended improving basic education quality, aligning higher education curricula with labour market demands, and enhancing support services for students to bridge the gap between education and employment.
Examining Municipal Procurement Practices with Rural Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in uMhlabuyalingana.
(2025) Ngubane, Cebolenkosi Vuka.; Luthuli, Nomkhosi Hlengiwe.
This study examines how the procurement policies of uMhlabuyalingana Municipality impact small and medium-sized rural businesses (SMEs). The study intended to evaluate the perceptions of local businesses in terms of their relationship with the municipality as well as the extent to which the municipality integrates SMEs into its procurement procedures. Using a qualitative research methodology, data was gathered by interviewing SME owners and municipal procurement officials. This allowed for a detailed analysis of the dynamics opportunities and challenges affecting this relationship. Despite the efforts made by uMhlabuyalingana Municipality to promote SME inclusion through its policies such as lot-sizing streamlined tender documentation and targeted training initiatives, the research findings demonstrate that significant barriers still exist. Resource constraints, a lack of administrative capacity and compliance issues are some of the ongoing obstacles. However, the initiatives have strengthened the local economy and increased SME participation in public procurement despite the ongoing challenges. Respondents emphasized the importance of communication, continuous feedback mechanisms and collaborative policy that are design to close implementation gaps and improve outcomes. It is highlighted in this study that in order to fully realize the potential of inclusive procurement policies, strategic interventions like enhanced digital infrastructure, public-private partnerships and increased administrative efficiency are required. By balancing policy objectives with practical realities, uMhlabuyalingana Municipality can create a sustainable business ecosystem that promotes economic growth, community development and rural SMEs. In addition to contributing to the body of knowledge about inclusive procurement practices this study offers useful insights to practitioners and policymakers committed to supporting rural economies.
Investigating the effects of challenges faced by the railway network on social, economy and developing railway recovery strategies.
(2025) Thabethe, Njabulo Clifford.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
The passenger rail system in South Africa's is exposed to a myriad of challenges that include theft of infrastructure, vandalism, and aging infrastructure. The study examines railway network challenges of state-owned enterprises in the City of Cape Town central line recovery experienced by the Passenger Rail Agency of South Africa (PRASA) in rehabilitating the Cape Town Central Line within the Western Cape Province. A qualitative research approach was employed to collect data through indepth interviews with 16 key participants to solicit inputs and perceptions from different stakeholders, including commuters, government representatives, community leaders, and PRASA personnel. Three key findings were revealed, firstly, common factors such as inadequate security measures, informal settlements along railway reserves posed security threats, governance problems, and financial limitations. These factors contributed to frequent service interruptions, decreased safety, and a declining preference and commuter experience. Secondly, overcoming these challenges required financial diversification through public-private partnerships, community involvement, improved security, and governance reforms. Thirdly, legal and regulatory frameworks, such as the National Rail Policy and the National Development Plan (NDP), supported PRASA’s recovery goals. Interagency cooperation, financial responsibility, and community involvement were deemed necessary to utilize these frameworks effectively to ensure sustainable solutions. The study hopes to contribute to how PRASA could increase its investments in service dependability, boost commuter satisfaction, and support South Africa's broader public transport objectives through making significant improvements in their governance and infrastructure restorations. The study will inform policymakers, transportation authorities, and other stakeholders within PRASA and government counterparts working to build robust and equitable public transportation network.
Advancing women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics to leadership roles at a South African Research Institute.
(2024) Moeketsi, Mpho Arleen Mapaseka.; Taylor, Simon Michael.
This study titled "Advancing women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics to leadership roles at a South African Research Institute" explores the factors influencing the under-representation of women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) in leadership roles within this institution, the strategies they use to navigate these challenges, and their perceived role of leadership in their advancement discourse. Despite significant progress toward gender parity, there remains a noticeable disparity between men and women in leadership positions, particularly within STEM fields. This study focuses on one of the public research institutes in South Africa, where the number of women in STEM leadership roles is still low compared to that of men. Through a multi-theoretical approach, the research investigates the challenges and barriers women in STEM face in advancing their careers to leadership roles. Using a semi-structured interview guide, the study adopted an interpretative phenomenological approach to understand the experiences of these women. Data were collected from 12 participants based in the Gauteng region over two months. A reflexive thematic analysis method was used to identify broad patterns within the data. The findings suggest that women in STEM face various challenges in their quest for leadership roles, as STEM environments are still male-dominated with subtle masculine cultures. Meaningful progress has been made in transforming the organization, but the work-life imbalance, and stringent structure of the career ladder emerged as barriers to advancement. These findings highlight the need to review some organizational practices and foster inclusive leadership.
The exploration of technological advancement changes on employee optimal performance: A case of Ubuhlebezwe Local Municipality.
(2025) Dlamini, Lethukuthula Paul.; Vilakazi, Blessing Fika Mlondi.
The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the integration of technology solutions into organizations to ensure continuity in operations. It emphasised the role played by technology to enhance communication in the workplace. The advent of new technologies in the workplace has an impact on employees and their understanding of how things should be done. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of technological advancements on employees at the Ubuhlebezwe Local Municipality. Using a pragmatic worldview, the study adopted a qualitative approach and gathered relevant information through semi-structured interviews involving ten (10) administrative officials operating in key departments in the municipality to aid in gaining an in-depth understanding of the contribution played by technology to enhance service delivery. Thematic content analysis was used to interpret and analyse the data, which confirmed an urgent need for an upgraded technology infrastructure, especially in rural municipalities such as Ubuhlebezwe. The findings revealed that the lack of decent infrastructure significantly affects the retention of talented personnel, as they tend to seek employment in organisations that utilise better tools, thereby impacting the effectiveness of service delivery and the overall performance of the municipality. The study concludes that prioritised investment in robust technological infrastructure is vital for operational functionality and skilled employee retention in rural municipalities like Ubuhlebezwe. Further research is recommended to optimise this infrastructure. Proactively managing technological transitions, by addressing positive and negative consequences, allows the Ubuhlebezwe Local Municipality to leverage advancements. This enhances worker productivity and service efficacy while safeguarding their health and ensuring a smooth transition.
An evaluation of the back-to-basics programme to enhance municipal performance: the case of eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality.
(2024) Nzimande, Sbusiso.; Ngwenya, Charles Tony Simphiwe.
This study aimed to evaluate the Back-to-Basics Programme (B2BP) to enhance municipal performance in the case study of eThekwini Municipality. Since the advent of democracy, the local government system has been subject to several extensive reforms to ensure the municipalities are developmental-oriented. Hence, municipalities remain the cornerstone and the champions of service delivery for their citizenry. Against the backdrop, the National Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs 2014 introduced the B2BP to challenge the status quo at the municipality level. To ensure that municipalities serve communities better by focusing on the five (5) critical pillars, mainly public participation, infrastructure services, good governance, financial management, and building institutional capacity. This study adopted a qualitative method to generate information that answered the research questions. The interpretivism philosophy and the inductive approach with thematic analytical data interpretation informed this study. The study showed a significant improvement in how the municipality delivers services to its citizenry. The Back-to-Basics programme managed to improve the performance and functionality of the eThekwini Municipality through the implementation of the B2BP. However, some areas still had challenges, such as community participation, since many councillors failed to convene community meetings to report back to their communities. Furthermore, the program was confronted by numerous challenges, namely: - treating the B2BP as malicious compliance; the politicization of the B2BP; lack of political support; administrative instability due to high vacancy rates; poor political governance and political stability due to poor management of coalition. However, the B2BP has a great potential to change the status quo at the municipality level and, at the same time, enhance municipal performance and speed up service delivery. Therefore, in unleashing the potential of the B2BP, this study recommended that it is imperative to sustain the program through the reaffirmation of the commitment from both political and administrative authorities, ensuring de-politicization of the B2BP, strengthening monitoring and evaluation of the Back-to-Basics program to ensure accountability.
Exploring the managerial competencies for excellent performance in KwaZulu-Natal South African Police Services.
(2024) Shangase, Sthembokuhle Precious.; Kanyangale, MacDonald.
In South Africa (SA), previous research and the strategic plans for the South African Police Service (SAPS) have highlighted that inadequate managerial skills hinder professional advancement and effective crime management. The objective of this exploratory qualitative study was to examine managerial competencies for excellent performance, and subsequently, develop a framework for excellent performance tailored to the unique challenges faced by the SAPS in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). Guided by an interpretivist research philosophy, this study utilized semi-structured interviews to gather data from a sample of 11 purposively selected high-performing police managers at the levels of Lieutenant Colonels, Colonels, and Brigadiers, to explore their understanding of the managerial competences which tip them to excellent performance. Participants were drawn from various components within the KZN SAPS Provincial Office, ensuring a diverse representation of experiences and insights. Interview data were analyzed using thematic analysis to derive key themes related to managerial competences for excellent performance, according to the police work experience of the selected high performing police officers who participated in the research. The study reveals seven themes relating to competencies that are essential for ensuring excellent performance within the KZN SAPS. These themes include emotional intelligence (EQ) to lead self and others, enhancing collaboration for effective work performance, effective communication across multiple forms to achieve desired results, decision-making in a variety of stable and volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous (VUCA) contexts, command leadership agility, technology-savviness for informed policing, and strategic thinking. The second research question in this study focused on how managerial competencies impact performance outcomes in the KZN SAPS. Seven themes relating to the competencies that influence performance outcomes within the organization emerged, including decisive leadership competency, communication competency, decision-making competency, knowledge and expertise competency, management and administrative competency, analytical thinking, and problemsolving competency. Lastly, a competency framework for excellent managerial performance in the KZN SAPS is developed and proposed. The framework provides a structured approach to equipping police managers with the skills necessary to navigate complex challenges and enhance organizational effectiveness. The study concludes that police leadership should focus on strengthening the identified managerial competencies if they are to build the SAPS with excellent performers, pivotal to improving service delivery and addressing crime management challenges in the KZN SAPS.

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