Masters Degrees (Graduate School of Business and Leadership)

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The impact of coronavirus pandemic to small, medium and micro enterprises : a case of Umgungundlovu District Municipality.
(2024) Magaga, Iviwe.; Vilakazi, Blessing Fika Mlondi.
The aim of the study was to axamine the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on small, medium and micro enterprises (SMME’s), using Umgungundlovu District as a case study. In South Africa, SMMEs employ more than 80% of the workforce and have been integral towards the development of South Africa, employment creation and poverty alleviation. The Covid-19 pandemic, however, presented some opportunities and challenges to these SMMEs. Hence this study sought to examine the impact, challenges and opportunities faced by these SMMEs, as well as proffer recommendations on how SMMEs can be supported to deal with future unforeseen challenges such as Covid-19 pandemic. A qualitative approach was taken where data was gathered using semi-structured interviews and analysed using thematic analysis. A sample of 12 participants was selected from the target population that included SMME owners/managers in uMgungundlovu district of KwaZulu-Natal. The findings of the study highlight the impact of COVID-19 on SMMEs, revealing widespread closures and economic setbacks. The decline in SMMEs, particularly during Q3 2020, is a global trend. The study also highlights the interconnectedness of SMMEs with broader economic trends, with financial constraints and supply chain disruptions being major challenges. Opportunities for SMMEs during COVID-19 include the adoption of digital tools, social media marketing, and strategic alliances. However, challenges like the digital gap and the need for enhanced skills highlight areas for improvement. The findings emphasise the need for holistic support mechanisms and policy interventions to bolster SMMEs' resilience in post-pandemic recovery efforts. The study recommended providing targeted financial support, enhancing digital readiness, strengthening collaboration and networking, as well as developing crisis management strategies. Future studies were recommended to focus on the long-term effects of the pandemic on SMMEs, socio-economic impact of SMMEs, as well as resilience-building strategies for SMMEs.
Investigating the impact of artificial intelligence on human resource management in a manufacturing company in Durban, South Africa.
(2024) Rajcoomar, Avikar.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.; Proches, Cecile Gerwel.
The study investigated the adoption, implementation, and impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Human Resource Management (HRM) within a Durban, South Africa, manufacturing company. Following a qualitative research approach by conducting semi-structured interviews, the study, as per its research objectives, examines three areas: the current state of AI adoption, opportunities and challenges of implementation, and AI's impact on critical HRM functions. The study found that AI adoption in Durban's manufacturing industry is still in its early stages, with a significant technology deficit compared to global business. Three major areas of AI use was discovered: formalised recruitment and selection processes, administrative automation, and unofficial usage of generative AI tools by Human Resources (HR) professionals. The study found that adoption rates vary greatly depending on organisational size and resource availability, with large multinational corporations having higher implementation rates. Opportunities for AI applications include increased HR process efficiency, improved recruitment outcomes, and data-driven decision-making skills. However, challenges include concerns about accuracy and reliability, adherence to South Africa's Protection of Personal Information Act (POPIA), and cultural sensitivity. Ethical considerations were critical when implementing AI; Data protection, human oversight, and transparency in AI implementation are significant factors. The study revealed AI's considerable impact on four HRM functions: recruitment and selection, performance management, learning and development, and employee engagement. The shift from traditional monthly reviews to continuous, data-driven assessments marks a fundamental change in performance management approaches. The research emphasised the necessity of encouraging positive attitudes towards AI adoption through open communication, openness, and comprehensive training programs. The study contributes to understanding AI integration in HRM within South African manufacturing. It provides valuable insights for organisations planning to implement AI solutions while considering their unique contextual challenges and opportunities.
Evaluating the University of KwaZulu-Natal's support staff retention and career advancement strategy.
(2023) Kheswa, Vuyolwethu Collen.; Mtembu, Vuyokazi Ntombikayise.; Dubihlela, Jobo.
The study looked at the University of KwaZulu-Natal's (UKZN) support staff retention and career advancement strategy. It aimed at assessing how the UKZN is applying its policies to assist and support employees in advancing in their careers and the ability to retain quality employees. The study looked at the practical application of different UKZN policies, such as the Integrated Talent Management policy and other policies designed to benefit the UKZN and its employees. It also looked at the role of the Humana Resource Department in ensuring that the university applies the policies fairly and equitably. The researcher used quantitative methods to conduct the study. A survey was used to obtain primary data for the study. Deductions were made by comparing the survey and the literature review findings to understand better how the UKZN is applying its policies to retain and assist support staff in advancing their careers. The study results give a complete assessment of UKZN's support staff retention and career progression plan, highlighting its strengths, flaws, the disconnection of the HR department, and opportunities for improvement. The research adds to the current literature on employee retention and career development in higher education institutions, concentrating on support staff jobs. The study offers policy and practical suggestions that may improve the university's efforts to retain and support the career advancement of its support employees by identifying gaps and issues experienced by support staff. Finally, the researcher hopes to contribute to developing successful techniques for supporting and empowering support workers at higher education institutions, guaranteeing a good and inclusive workplace. It will also contribute to the Department of Higher Education and Training’s goal of creating capable, well-educated, and skilled citizens who can compete in a sustainable, diversified, and knowledge-intensive international economy that meets the country’s development goals by reducing bottlenecks in priority professional areas, thereby contributing to the National Development Plan.
Examining the impact of hybrid working practices on employees and organisational culture.
(2023) Ngubelanga, Thembisa Precious.; Tefera, Orthodox.
The impact of hybrid working practices on employees and organisational culture had become a pressing concern for organisations in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. This research aimed to examine the implications of hybrid working on employee behaviour and organisational culture, particularly within the context of a South African university's Professional Services. The study employed a quantitative research design with a pragmatic worldview, focusing on understanding how employees had adjusted to the new work model and quantifying the impact on productivity, job satisfaction, engagement, and leadership practices. The literature review delved into organisational culture theories, such as Schein's model, to better define and comprehend the components that shape an organisation's culture. Additionally, the study drew on Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs to explore how hybrid working may satisfy different employee needs and influence motivation levels. Previous research showed that hybrid working had both positive and negative impacts on organisational culture, with increased flexibility and improved work-life balance as potential positives, while reduced face-to-face interaction and communication challenges hindered culture cohesion. The research methodology involved pragmatism looking at a sample of 118 employees in the university's Professional Services who had experienced hybrid working. Data was collected through questionnaires administered via school notices to gauge the correlation between hybrid work structure and organisational culture. The outcome of the research showed that hybrid working certainly does have an impact on organisational culture. While this is a complex topic in that, it is dependent on an organisation and its readiness for hybrid work set ups, that is what determines the impact on culture. Factors affecting hybrid work were identified and were very much in line with the secondary research. As new work structures continue to emerge, this study highlights the importance of understanding the implications of hybrid working on employee well-being and organisational culture from a South African perspective.
Investigating the challenges of the Chris Hani District Municipality’s water sector value chain.
(2024) Twalo, Thembinkosi Gladden.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
This study aimed to investigate the water sector value chain as it relates to a specific location, that is, the Chris Hani District Municipality (CHDM). The local municipalities under the CHDM handed over their water services provision function to CHDM, whose role in the water value chain includes water abstraction, pumping, purification, and distribution. The study employed qualitative research techniques for the purpose of delving deeper into the issues and for formulating a water provision model that is informed by a variety of viewpoints from stakeholders who are well-informed about the sector. Qualitative methods included analysis of relevant literature and semi-structured interviews with sampled participants in the value chain. The qualitative nature of the study enabled deeper engagement with each of the 10 sampled participants in this study. They included three CHDM officials and seven consumers from the local municipalities under CHDM. The results show that there is continuation of the non-payment culture by some water consumers due to the high cost of living, poor affordability due to high unemployment rate, and municipal billing challenges. Most of the respondents were of the view that consumers should pay for the water; affording consumers should pay and the indigent should be subsidised by the government. The positive contribution by some consumers towards service delivery is commendable as they claim to pay their municipal bills, report water leakages or pipe bursts, and use water wisely. Some respondents suggested that bulk water supply should be upgraded, dilapidated infrastructure should be replaced, revenue collection should be improved and there should be ringfenced revenue for the provision of water services.
An assessment of the staffing challenges faced by eThekwini district healthcare workers during the Coronavirus pandemic period.
(2023) Mkhize, Siphesihle Rudolph.; Mutambara, Emmanuel.
Staffing is one of the important managerial functions in an organisation, and the other managerial functions revolve around staffing, especially in the healthcare sector. Staffing involves human capital management and knowledge management, and it is not merely recruiting, performance appraisal, promotion, and inter-departmental transfers. The disruptions that the coronavirus pandemic brought were not limited to the national governments, but also at the provincial, local, and regional levels of government were affected. This study assessed the staffing challenges faced by the eThekwini district healthcare workers in South Africa during the coronavirus pandemic period and the study objectives were, to make an assessment on the level of coronavirus pandemic related staffing challenges, to make an assessment on management’s response to coronavirus pandemic related staffing challenges in the eThekwini district health system, and to determine the extent to which healthcare workers were affected by coronavirus pandemic in the eThekwini district. The study aimed to assess the staffing challenges that the eThekwini healthcare personnel faced and the eThekwini health district managers’ response these challenges during the initial and latter waves of Covid-19 infections in South Africa. The researcher used qualitative descriptive phenomenal study design, and the nonprobability purposive sampling was done on the study population of twenty healthcare workers and healthcare managers at Osindisweni hospital, Prince Mshiyeni Memorial hospital, and Inkosi Albert Luthuli hospital. Data collection was obtained through interviews, and triangulation was done using different technologies in data collection. The challenges that the eThekwini district healthcare workers experienced were not limited to the coronavirus infections complications such as covid pneumonia and death, but also psychological sequelae and burnout. The study showed the coronavirus pandemic impacted human capital and human capital management due to staff shortages, affecting healthcare services delivery. The study indicated that there was healthcare workers neglect and lack of support from the higher echelon’s structures. The study showed the crisis leadership gap, the need for the government to invest in leadership training, bolster human capital management skills and adequate employee assistance programmes. More research on the coronavirus vaccine effectiveness is needed.
Investigating strategies to improve employee job satisfaction in the University of KwaZulu-Natal College of Health Sciences.
(2024) Phewa, Suke.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
Employee job satisfaction is a crucial factor in promoting organisational success and overall well-being. This study aimed to investigate strategies for enhancing job satisfaction within the UKZN College of Health Sciences. Through a comprehensive review of literature and empirical research, this study identifies key determinants of job satisfaction and explores effective approaches for its improvement. Despite dedication of the UKZN College of Health Sciences to excellence, there can be issues with employee job satisfaction that need to be resolved. Employee morale, productivity and retention may be affected by the demanding nature of the healthcare and academic sectors as well as certain administrative challenges. According to preliminary research, supportive leadership, opportunities for skills development, work-life balance, recognition, and meaningful involvement are all important elements that have a great impact on how happy individuals are at work at the College of Health Sciences. These results suggest that implementing leadership development programs, creating clear career development pathways, encouraging flexible work arrangements, implementing recognition and reward systems, and fostering an environment of open communication and employee involvement are all potential ways to increase job satisfaction. A wider sample size of 132 employees received quantitative questionnaires using an online link called Forms, guaranteeing diversified representation across jobs and departments. A total of 42 questionnaires were returned. Validated scales that measure many aspects of job satisfaction, including leadership, work environment, recognition and career growth were included in the surveys. To find correlations, trends, and overall job satisfaction levels, statistical software was used to collect and evaluate quantitative data. The study's findings give significant insights into the elements impacting on job satisfaction at the UKZN College of Health Sciences, as well as practical recommendations for improving employee well-being and organisational success at the college. Among the discoveries, balancing challenging academic tasks with personal life emerged as a major element determining job happiness, promoting worklife balance, and providing remote employment or flexible hours.
Analyzing the effectiveness of performance management in Dr Pixley Ka Isaka Seme Local Municipality.
(2023) Manzi, Priscilla.; Majola, Priscilla Xoliswa.
This study investigated the effectiveness of performance management in Dr Pixley Ka Isaka Seme Local Municipality. The performance management strategies used by South African municipalities have not received much attention and studies tended to concentrate on the corporate level rather than the person level. The study investigated the impact of performance management within the Municipality. Qualitative methodology was employed and the research design was exploratory in nature. Semi-structured interviews with 15 participants from five sections in Dr Pixley Ka Isaka Seme Local Municipality were conducted as part of the study. A thematic content analysis was used to investigate the themes emerging from the data. The themes that were discovered were then analysed to draw meaningful results. The main findings of the study revealed that the current performance management system of the Municipality is dysfunctional as it only seems to be working only for leaders and senior managers. It was also revealed that there is a lack of formal and consistent performance management systems, rewards and recognition policies are skewed towards top management, and there is no constructive communication between the leaders and junior employees. As a result, junior employees are no longer motivated to work and they suggested that the current biased performance management system be dispelled. Based on these findings, the following recommendations were made: A performance management policy framework needs to be implemented, incentivising high performing employees, enforcing policies around performance management systems and communication between managers and employees.
Enhancing the sustainability of Tongaat Hulett Sugar through assessing logistics costs, sugar taxes, and tariffs.
(2023) Buthelezi, Philani Blessing.; Chasomeris, Mihalis Georgiou.
Globally, sugar-producing companies have been faced with rising production costs in recent years. The majority of these costs are related to logistics costs, sugar taxes, and import tariffs. The association of sugar with health problems like diabetes and obesity has compelled governments including South Africa to impose taxes to manage the supply and intake of sugar. Moreover, the South African government imposed no import tariffs on sugar to improve the supply of sugar. As a result, sugar from countries like India, Brazil, and Swaziland has flooded the local market creating uneven competition for local producers. This has negatively affected the revenue, market share, and success of local companies like Tongaat Hulett Sugar. Against this backdrop, this study investigated how logistic costs, sugar tax, and tariffs influence the sustainability of Tongaat Hulett Sugar. The study utilised a qualitative explorative research method design to collect data. Upon investigation it was established that Tongaat Hulett Sugar utilizes different companies providing logistics services which means they have to absorb all the overhead costs from different logistics providers. It is important to have a logistic strategic partner who will have a greater understanding of the business. This helps companies partnering to collaborate in seeking innovative methods that provide competitive advantage thus handling logistics rising costs. The Master Sugar Plan played a critical role in addressing the issue of high imports. Since the introduction of The Sugar Master Plan, import duties and tariffs have significantly increased, decreasing the number of sugars imported. TPNA can also play a crucial role in helping Tongaat Hulett Sugar and other sugar-producing companies by imposing lesser charges when exporting sugar globally. This will increase their revenue stream consequently allowing them to reinvest in improving their processes making them more efficient making them more sustainable. Introducing the sugar tax led to job losses in the sugar market. The introduction of The Sugar Master Plan will address this element. They need to be more transparent about the revenue collected from the sugar tax. This tax portion of the tax collected should be invested in research and development that will improve the production processes and come up with more healthier options that can be substituted for sugar, opening other streams of revenue for Tongaat Hulett Sugar and other sugar-producing companies.
Small micro medium enterprise’s perceptions towards business incubation – chemical incubator.
(2021) Nsimbi, Thembeka.; Chikandiwa, Christopher Tarisayi.
Development, growth and sustenance of Small Micro Medium Enterprise’s (SMME’s) activities has become a key policy priority for most governments around the world; including South Africa. SMME’s growth has been positively linked to employment creation, poverty reduction and wealth generation. Recognising this imperative, the South African Government has institutionalised business incubation practice to stimulate SMME growth and sustainability. Despite this commitment, however, SMME failures continued unabatedly; with many start-ups struggling to pass the infant stage; which in turn limits their contribution to socio-economic development. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the general perceptions and attitudes of Incubatees and Graduates towards the Chemical Incubator Programme (Chemin). Based on qualitative research and purposive sampling, data was collected from 12 Participants i.e. 6 incubatees and 6 graduates, through semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to extract meaning from the data Overall, the results suggest that Incubatees and graduates had different but complementary perceptions on the reasons for joining the incubation programme; which included infrastructure; technology, business information and skills; and exposure to chemical manufacturing practices. Although there were marked differences in attitudes towards Incubation services, however, some participants on both sides agreed that the programme added value to their business in terms of marketing, resources and business networking. Participants also differed on the role of government in funding incubators. While some Incubatees and graduates felt government had a statutory obligation to finance SMMEs, other participants felt that entrepreneurs should use their vision to grow their business rather than rely solely on state funding. This reveals differences in terms of entrepreneurial orientation among the participants on both sides, with opportunity entrepreneurs focusing on business growth, job creation and youth skills development; while survivalist entrepreneurs were concerned with subsistence. The study enhances understanding of how customised entrepreneurial learning and knowledge sharing systems can improve the innovative capabilities, growth and sustainability of incubated small businesses in South Africa.
Understanding the forestry value chain and livelihoods: a case of timber farming in KwaNgwanase.
(2021) Nsele, Nkosinathi Joseph.; Taylor, Simon Michael.
The forestry value chain plays a significant role in impacting livelihoods in rural communities. This can either be through creation of job opportunities or through development of small forestry businesses. However, small-scale timber growers and contractors frequently find themselves excluded in the forestry industry value chain. Their voices are not represented, and they often have no bargaining power when selling their timber products. In this study, an assessment of the small-scale commercial timber farming value chain was undertaken in two villages in KwaNgwanase with an aim of evaluating its impact on livelihoods. The research was conducted through evaluating coordination of the value chain stakeholders, determining the challenges facing value chain actors, identifying the economic benefits and contribution of value chain activities to value chain actors, and assessing the impact of value chain activities on actors’ livelihoods. The value chain participants were confined to four (4) harvesting contractors, one (1) seedling nursery operator and seventeen (17) timber growers. The case study approach, in conjunction with quantitative survey were used to execute the study. The methodological choice for the research was a mixed method approach that combined quantitative and qualitative data collection for quantifiable as well as descriptive data analysis. A non-probability sampling approach was used firstly in the form of a purposive sampling technique in order to select the harvesting contractors and seedling producer included in the study and the snowball sampling technique was used to determine the final sample size of timber growers included. Structured interviews including dominated by closed-ended questions and some open-ended questions were used as a data collection technique. The study findings revealed that the forestry value chain activities do contribute to sustainable livelihoods in KwaNgwanase. However, these contributions were minimal owing to disjointed organisation of value chain stakeholders and various challenges facing participants. Value chain integration, both horizontal and vertical, was found to be weak. Despite the positive financial benefits obtained by value chain actors, the value chain activities in KwaNgwanase have little impact to deal with vulnerabilities. Despite having access to all livelihood assets, the use of all resources is unsustainable and thus does not entirely translate to overall positive sustainable livelihood outcomes. Unless all stakeholders, including government, organise themselves more effectively, small-scale timber farming will not be a long-term sustainable livelihood contributor in KwaNgwanase.
The Covid-19 pandemic impact on performance recovery within the school of chemistry and physics at the University of KwaZulu-Natal.
(2022) Ndlovu, Nkosenhle Nhlanhla Brian.; Ngwenya, Charles Tony Simphiwe.
The COVID-19 pandemic was first announced in China and it was spread throughout the world by travellers. The first incident of the COVID-19 pandemic in South Africa was brought to public on 5 March 2020. Preventative measures were implemented by government by declaring a national state of disaster and national lockdown on 15 March 2020 and lockdown was initiated on the 27th of March 2020. The idea behind was to minimize/curb the spread of this pandemic while health facilities were adjusting to this new normal. The national lockdown impacted negatively to the educational sector of the country which led to temporary suspension of all academic activities including research. This brought a huge challenge to the leaders and management of higher institutions of learning. School of Chemistry and Physics was also severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic as all activities were moved to online platform and that brought challenges to the school as it is sciencebased school it requires contact sessions and laboratories. This study was intended to investigate the COVID-19 pandemic Impact on Performance Recovery within the School of Chemistry and Physics at the University of KwaZulu-Natal. This was achieved by purposively selecting twelve (12) participants in senior leadership and management positions within the school to share their knowledge and understanding on resource scenarios and leadership experience required during and post-COVID-19 pandemic to enhance performance of the school. The study was qualitatively conducted on online platform due to the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions and social distancing. Thematic analysis was undertaken to extrapolate the richness of data considering the study objectives. The responses from the research participants were analysed using thematic analysis by using themes, coding and categorising. The responses from the research participants indicated that online learning and teaching should continue post-COVID-19 pandemic. Research participants also raised a concern of poor communication and poor consultative decision making. The researcher then recommended that the school must involve all staff and students on decision making as this pandemic affected all of them.
Assessing the impact of low employee morale on labour turnover at the KwaZulu-Natal Liquor Authority.
(2023) Magubane, Nokubonga Memory.; Ngwenya, Charles Tony Simphiwe.
The KwaZulu-Natal Liquor Authority (KZNLA) has experienced unpreceded labour turnover, due to the perceived poor employee morale, ultimately impacting on the entity’s organisational performance (KZNLA, Report, 2019). The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of low employee morale on labour turnover at the KwaZulu-Natal Liquor in order to improve the morale as well as organisational performance. The study employed the mixed method approach which include the quantitative and qualitative method gathering data through questionnaire and interviews. The target population of the study comprised all the employees of KZNLA which include lower-level employees, middle management, senior management totalling 167. The quantitative study used all the 167 employees as the sample size while 14 employees which include 8 managers, and 6 employees took part in the qualitative study. Quantitative data was analysed using SmartPLS 4 statistical tool. The SmartPLS 4 statistical software is a software with graphical user interface for variance-based structural equation modelling (SEM) using the partial least squares (PLS) path modelling method. Qualitative data was analysed using manual thematic analyses. The study findings revealed KZNLA employees present with low morale levelled responsible for the labour turnover as well as poor organisational performance. The study also revealed that KZNLA experience an increasing spate of employee dismissals, work overload, lack of recognition, low salaries, lack of benefits, unclear organizational structure, poor communication, and lack of consultation. Drawing from the findings the study recommended that KZNLA needs to appoint an organisational development specialist (OD), whose focus would be to professionally management the rationalisation process currently underway with specific mandate to improve employee morale by creating a positive motivational environment. Considering that KZN has several similar state entities which could be experiencing similar challenges, the study recommends that a similar study be conducted in order to have a balanced view which could serve other sate entities.
The impact of Covid-19 on the wellbeing of funeral parlour employees.
(2021) Ndelu, Lucia Thulile.; Hlophe, Vuyokazi Mtembu.
The calamitous effect of COVID-19 has led to a global health and economic crisis. Funeral industry workers risk developing severe mental health issues such as depression and anxiety as they are overexposed to death, stressful working situations and fear of being infected with the Coronavirus. The research sought to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on employee wellbeing of funeral parlour employees as they are exposed to death and funerals which is exacerbated in times of pandemics. The study utilised the wellbeing theory to explain wellbeing as a balance juncture between available resources with challenges encountered; if the imbalance is experienced, wellbeing is negatively affected. The study employed a Quantitative research approach underpinned by two research instruments: structured interviews and a self-administered questionnaire The probability sampling technique employed to select the sample size is the simple random sampling. The sample size of the study will consist of 62 respondents from two funeral parlours operating in eThekwini Municipality. The data collected was analysed and statistics captured in the form of graphs. The data captured from 62 respondents was subjected to computer analysis. Funeral parlor employees have been overly exposed to death as a results of increased deaths during the pandemic and thereby the risk of contracting the virus also increased. The findings revealed that COVID-19 had a negative impact on the physical well-being of funeral parlour employees as they had exhibited symptoms of stress, exhaustion, and general sickness. Funeral parlor employees operate during a challenging time as their physical, emotional, and mental wellbeing is adversely impacting thus increasing the demands of the job. Strengthening wellness programmes is imperative in ensuring that the adverse effect of the Corona virus on employee wellbeing is minimised. It is proposed that funeral parlours develop wellness strategies as a proactive measure to manage employee wellbeing and mitigate the mental health issues on productivity and performance. Furthermore, education is key in the management of COVID-19 is important for as it aids in ensuring that personnel understand their responsibilities.
Barriers of access to finance for small and medium enterprises within the construction and maintenance sector in Gauteng.
(2023) Mbambo, Nkanteko Charmaine.; Jobo, Dubihlela.
This study explored the barriers facing SMEs in the construction and maintenance sector in Gauteng when it comes to accessing funding for growth and expansion and proposes solutions to address the barriers. The aims of this study were to obtain an understanding of the challenges facing SMEs in the construction and maintenance in Gauteng, the extent to which these challenges affect the ability to secure finance as well as possible solutions to address the barriers and improve access to finance for SMEs in the construction and maintenance sector in Gauteng. A non-probability purposive sampling approach was used Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 22 entrepreneurs who own and run businesses in the construction and maintenance sector in Gauteng. NVivo 14 was utilized to analyze the data. The study employed reflexive thematic analysis to explore challenges in accessing finance for SMEs in construction and maintenance in Gauteng province and the possible solutions to these challenges/barriers from the lived experiences of the SMEs. The analysis showed that SMEs take active initiatives in seeking capital for growth, purchases of equipment and tools for meeting the material as well as labour demands of their projects. Lack of equipment and finance was observed to be limiting their growth prospects in terms of access to markets and opportunities, retaining skilled workers, and weathering the competitive environment. Other challenges include managerial challenges and a lack of systems to manage businesses effectively. From the participant’s responses, the financial institution’s requirements do not seem to be well understood, particularly concerning collateral, cash flow requirements, and business performance.
The impact of a generic enterprise broad-based black economic empowerment strategy on employee satisfaction.
(2022) Naidoo, Claudina.; Martins, Ana Maria De Azevedo.
This study seeks to explore the impact of a generic enterprise broad-based black economic empowerment (B-BBEE) strategy on employee satisfaction in South Africa. The objective of this study is threefold and aims to identify factors considered when developing a generic enterprise BBBEE strategy; determine whether the generic enterprise B-BBEE strategy is aligned to the BBBEE Act; and to assess the impacts of the generic enterprise B-BBEE strategy on employee satisfaction. A quantitative research approach was adopted to gain knowledge and objective data for this study. The study began by conducting explanatory research at a chemical manufacturing enterprise based in Durban, South Africa with the aim to determine the cause-and-effect relationship of an enterprise B-BBEE strategy on employee satisfaction. The study sample population consisted of 113. The population was sub grouped into employers and employees which equated to 108 employees and 5 employers of which 96 employees and 5 employers participated. Two questionnaires were generated for data collection. Descriptive analysis was performed to obtain statistical information on the percentage frequencies, mean and standard deviations of the collected data to draw measurement of the objectives. The findings revealed that the enterprise BBBEE strategy was found to be aligned to the B-BBEE Act’s five scorecard elements which is a priority, and a mandatory requirement to achieve B-BBEE compliance for a generic enterprise. Further to this alignment it was identified that the generic enterprise B-BBEE strategy includes BBBEE initiatives and training opportunities for employees and communities of which employees agree contributes to their education and welfare. Recommendations were provided for the enterprise to evaluate the B-BBEE legislation requirement timely which will aid with resourceful strategy development, implementation, and continual improvement, to this end future study recommendations could focus on the relationship with, or the impacts of an enterprise B-BBEE strategy on, the performance of the enterprise.
Assessing whether emotional capital matters in the automotive manufacturing industry.
(2023) Tshabalala, Nompumelelo Angel.; Martins, Ana Maria De Azevedo.; Tefera, Orthodox.
The ability of organisations to adapt to constant change determines their long-term viability. Organisations that recognise the importance of strong leadership in organisational performance will achieve growth and sustained profitability. This research was based on the Automotive industry in Isipingo, Durban in KwaZulu-Natal. This Industry plays a major role in supporting the economy and are leaders in the market in South Africa. To thrive and remain competitive, the automotive industry must adjust to new circumstances, be effective, and react quickly to external influences. Managers are frequently confronted with reconciling the frustrations of conflicting interest groups within the industry; to be competent and successful leaders; and to drive the organisation on the right path. Therefore, these managers will need interpersonal and intrapersonal skills amongst their employees. A vital resource for people is their emotional competence. They must think of emotional competencies as having emotional capital. The purpose of this study was to assess whether emotional capital matters in the Automotive Manufacturing Industry. Moreover, the objective of the study was to investigate whether the emotions of leadership influence employee performance in the Automotive Manufacturing Industry, and to ascertain whether a connection exists between the leader’s style and employee performance. Extensive research analysed literature related to aspects that impact leaders’ emotional capability. The questions for inquisition were: what is the role of leaders' emotions and how do leaders influence employee performance? These questions were addressed through a review and discussion of pertinent literature on emotional capital, leadership, leadership theory, emotions and leadership, and employee performance. The results and conclusions of the analysis of the findings showed how they affected the employees, and the recommendations provided insightful guidance on how to select strategies that would provide the desired results for the organisation.
Impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the leadership styles of rehabilitation therapists in South Africa.
(2024) Tshabalala, Noluthando Leroto.; Proches, Cecile Gerwel.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.
The coronavirus pandemic had a significant effect on the world's healthcare systems, particularly the rehabilitation therapy industry. This study focused on the COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on South African rehabilitation therapist’s leadership styles. The study employed a quantitative research methodology, using questionnaires, to investigate shifts in leadership styles and behaviours throughout the pandemic. The results showed that, in response to the challenges posed by the pandemic, there had been a significant shift in leadership styles, marked by a greater emphasis on the utilization of a combination of leadership styles. Rehabilitation therapists had to adapt their leadership styles as the pandemic required quick changes in the way services were provided, including the implementation of telehealth and updated patient care guidelines. This study emphasized the importance of adaptability and utilising various leadership styles based on the circumstances, due to a crisis. The study provided insightful information for future crisis management and leadership development and highlighted the significance of resilience and adaptability in leadership within the rehabilitation industry. This study provided practical recommendations for enhancing leadership practices and preparing for future challenges in rehabilitation therapy.
Reimagining the impact of enterprise and supplier development within the state-owned enterprise: a case of Umgeni Water.
(2023) Khumalo, Ntombizethu Abegail.; Ngwenya, Charles Tony Simphiwe.
Globally, Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs), also called small businesses, hold a significant role in the world economies. This significance to the economy is based on the SMMEs potential to create employment opportunities, reduce the number of people living below poverty line and drive innovation which are important aspects of economic growth. In South Africa (SA), government acknowledges the importance of SMMEs as it has characterised the small business sector as a vital part of the national economy. The importance of SMMEs is reflected in the various government legislation, policy frameworks and support mechanisms that facilitate the operations of small businesses in their variety. Resulting in mandates that prioritise the redistribution of economic opportunities and commercial relationships between large corporates and SMMEs. Promoting an atmosphere that pushes government, state-owned entities (SOEs) and large private companies to engage in economic activities that involve small enterprises. Such practices, specifically those driven by the Amended Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) Codes of Good Practice, influence corporates to grow their Enterprise and Supplier Development (ESD) efforts by procuring or donating to SMMEs. The objective of the Enterprise Development programme is to create a solid business base for entrepreneurial people and in turn create further employment. ESD programs bring to Small Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) development in South Africa. Particularly at a time when SMME’s are expected to contribute towards stimulating economic growth and contribute towards the reduction of unemployment. The purpose of the study was to examine the impact of B-BBEE ESD as a growth and SMMEs development mechanism. The purpose of the study was to reimaging the impact of enterprise and supplier development within the state-owned enterprise, in particular Umgeni Water. Data was collected from 12 Umgeni Water cooperatives through interviews with active term contract at the time of the study. The interview based on a predetermined questionnaire method was used to gather data from participants. Thematic data analysis was used to code and categorise the data into themes according to similar perceptions. This study identified the impact of SMMEs within UW value chain and appropriate tools, assessed competitiveness to meet their profitability potential, evaluated capacity building requirements in executing deliverables and lastly ascertained the support intervention and resources accessibility in sustaining for SMMEs.
Investigating the challenges and opportunities of implementing digital transformation in the South African public sector.
(2023) Duma, Nonduduzo Nozipho Lawrencia.; Vilakazi, Blessing Fika Mlondi.
In the dynamic arena of digital evolution, South Africa's public sector faces significant challenges in digital transformation. These include insufficient technological infrastructure, gaps in digital literacy, complex policy and regulatory frameworks, and the need to ensure data security and inclusivity. This study examines these barriers and explores the opportunities digital transformation presents for improving service delivery, operational efficiency, and citizen engagement. Utilizing a qualitative research methodology with a phenomenological approach, the investigation sheds light on specific impediments that thwart the realization of digital transformation's potential benefits. The research involved a sample size of 16 respondents, drawn from various roles within the Gauteng Department of e-Government. It further evaluates the expansive impact of digital transformation on the public sector's capacity to tackle systemic challenges, stimulate economic advancement, and promote sustainable development objectives. Insights garnered from this study illustrate how Gauteng's public sector, extending to the broader South African context, can exploit digital technologies to ameliorate citizen services. The research pinpointed critical obstacles, including technological underdevelopment, a deficit in digital competencies among public employees, and the rigidity of policy and regulatory frameworks. Nonetheless, it also spotlighted digital transformation's capacity to revolutionize public service delivery, operational efficiency, and citizen interaction. The main results indicated that despite these challenges, digital transformation has the potential to significantly enhance public service delivery, operational efficiency, and citizen engagement. Drawing from these insights, the study proposes actionable recommendations for policymakers and governmental stakeholders. These encompass formulating comprehensive strategies and policies to navigate and surmount digital transformation challenges while capitalizing on its advantages. Recommendations include fortifying technological infrastructure, amplifying digital literacy among public service workers, and refining policy and regulatory frameworks to enable innovation and digital engagement.

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