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College of Law and Management Studies

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Browsing College of Law and Management Studies by SDG "SDG04"

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    Religion and the law: exploring the boundaries between the right to equality based on sexual orientation and religious freedom.
    (2023) Easthorpe, Juanitha Anne.; Strode, Ann Elaine.; Freedman, David Warren.
    The intersection of religion and law remains complex. It is not simple to find a solution to an issue that falls within the realm of this area. The right to freedom of religion and equality are constitutionally protected and sometimes these two constitutional rights become competing fundamental human rights. The religious injunction against same-sex marriage is an issue which falls squarely within the complexity of religion and law. With both equality and freedom of religion at odds with each other, it becomes important to balance these rights. This cannot be done without acknowledging the fact that religion has always featured predominantly in our past and influenced many aspects of our lives. However, our history of past discrimination directed at vulnerable groups must also be acknowledged. It is for this reason that this thesis examined the legal soundness of the injunction against samesex marriage in some Christian denominations. With our constitutional objective being to bring about a cohesive society, a strong presumption in favour of equality must be considered. On this basis the thesis found that the religious injunction against same-sex marriage was unconstitutional and therefore legally unsound. In dealing with these matters our courts need to approach the issue sensitively by considering transformative remedies without criminal sanctions. It is for this reason that the thesis also attempted to identify the most appropriate litigation strategy that affected parties can rely on when challenging the injunction against same-sex marriage. The Equality court was deemed the most appropriate forum for resolving disputes between religious denominations and their LGBTQI+ congregants. The transformative remedies which the court will consider are potentially available in the Promotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4 of 2000. Transformative remedies are in principle more acceptable to religious denominations as they refrain from interfering with the core doctrinal beliefs of the church but also allow these religious denominations the time to review their policies and motivate for change. It also minimises the possibility of a split in the church and adheres to the doctrine of constitutional subsidiarity. Iqoqa Ukuxhumana kwenkolo nomthetho kuseyinto enzima ukuyixazulula. Kunzima ukufumana isixazululo odabeni olungena kulezi zinto ezimbili. Inkululeko yenkolo kanye nokulingana yinto evikelwe ngokoMthethosisekelo kanti kwesinye isikhathi lawa malungelo amabili angcina ashayisana namalungelo oluntu. Indlela inkolo ephethe ngayo udaba lwabantu bobulili obufanayo abashadile igcizelela ubunzima bokuhlanganisa inkolo nomthetho. Ukungqubuzana phakathi kokulingana kanye nenkululeko yenkolo kwenza kube nesidingo esikhulu sokucubungulisisa lawa malungelo. Lokhu akusho ukuthi kumele sikhohlwe ukuthi inkolo yinto esikhule ikhona futhi ilawula imvelaphi yethu kanye nokuningi okuthinta izimpilo zethu. Nokho, umlando othinta ukucwaswa nokucindezelwa kwalabo abangenamandla okuzivikela kumele ungalitshalwa. Kungalesi sizathu-ke lolu cwaningo lwacubungula ukuthi kusemthethweni kanjani okushiwo ngabezenkolo namabandla ahlukene mayelana nomshado wabantu bobulili obufanayo. Ngenxa yokuthi uMthethosisekelo ugqugquzela ukubumbana kwemiphakathi eyahlukene, kufanele ukuba ngaso sonke isikhathi kuvikelwe ukulingana kwabantu. Ngenxa yale nkolelo, lo mqingo wocwaningo wathola ukuthi ukucwasa abantu bobulili obufanayo abashadile kuphambene noMthethosisekelo futhi akukho emthethweni wezwe. Ukubhekana nalezi zinkinga, izinkantolo zethu kumele lolu daba zilubuke ngeso elivulekile futhi zilethe izinguquko ezingancikile kuphela emthethweni. Kungalesi sizathu-ke lo mqingo wocwaningo uphakamise izindlela zokungenelela kulolu daba ngokuthi labo abathintekayo bazilandele uma belwa nalokhu kucwaswa nokubukelwa phansi kwamalungelo abantu bobulili obufanayo abashadile. INkantolo yoKulingana iphakanyiswe njengefanele ukubhekana nokuqhamuka nezisombululo zengxabano phakathi kwamabandla ezenkolo kanye namalungu esonto aqhamuka emphakathi we-LGBTQI+. Izindlela zokungenelela eziza nezinguquko inkantolo engazilandela zikhona emthethweni ogqugquzela ukulingana nokunqanda ukuphathwa ngendlela engafanele, iPromotion of Equality and Prevention of Unfair Discrimination Act 4, ka-2000. Ukungenelela okuza nezinguquko kufanele kwamukeleke emabandleni ezenkolo ngoba kunganqanda ukuba inkolo igxambukele ezinkolweni zabantu mayelana nendlela abaphila ngayo futhi kunganikeza amabandla ezenkolo ithuba lokuba abuyekeze imigomo yamasonto ukuze kube khona izinguquko. Lokhu kungaphinde kugweme uqhekeko emabandleni, kuqinisekise nokulandelwa kwezimfundiso zoMthethosisekelo.
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    Service quality of the online classroom experience in higher education: the influence of lecturer-controlled variables.
    (2023) Mokorotlo, Griffith Chief Joseph.; Arbee, Aradhna.
    This study attempted to understand what undergraduate students expect and perceive in terms of online lecture service quality, explore the influence of interventions related to lecturer-controlled elements of the classroom experience (i.e. interaction between students and staff, physical evidence and lecture production process) on students’ initial perceptions of online lecture service quality, and propose a model/tool to measure online lecture service quality at the National University of Lesotho (NUL). In adopting an action research case study design and a mixed methods approach, the study addressed the bias in the marketing literature towards purely quantitative investigation of service quality in education. Using a sample of 188 students and 14 staff from NUL, data gathered via multiple methods and in several stages facilitated deep exploration of the quality of the online classroom encounter at NUL. The study emphasised qualitative exploration by soliciting opinions of teaching staff via interviews on interventions they implemented and challenges they faced, and by using focus group discussions to collect data from various categories of students about online lecture service quality. Thematic analysis was used for qualitative data analysis. Based on input solicited during the focus groups and interviews, a modified three dimension SERVQUAL instrument was proposed as a suitable measure of the online classroom experience at NUL. Findings suggest that three main role players in the online teaching and learning activity are lecturers, students and technological infrastructure. Students hold that their learning experiences are impacted as they interact with lecturers and co-act in the lecture production process, while technological infrastructure is vital for the online teaching and learning process. As such, an instrument designed to assess contact lecture service quality cannot be readily used to assess online lecture service quality. Iqoqa. Lolu cwaningo luzame ukuqonda ukuthi abafundi abasafundela iziqu zokuqala balindeleni futhi babubuka kanjani ubunjalo bomsebenzi wokufunda nge-inthanethi, luphenya umthelela wokungenelela okuhlobene nezinto ezenganyelwa ngumfundisi wasesikhungweni ngokwesimo saseklasini (esingathi, ukuxhumana phakathi kwabafundi nabasebenzi, ubufakazi obuphathekayo kanye nenqubo yomkhiqizo wokufunda) ekubukeni kwabafundi kokuqala ngobunjalo bomsebenzi wokufunda nge-inthanethi, bese luphakamisa imodeli/ithuluzi lokukala ubunjalo bomsebenzi wokufunda nge-inthanethi eNational University of Lesotho (NUL). Ukusebenzisa uhlaka locwaningokusebenza kanye nendlelande yezindlela ezingxube, ucwaningo lubuke ukuchema kwemibhalo ekhangisayo ichemela ngasophenyweni lwezinombolo ngqo zobunjalo bomsebenzi emfundweni. Ngokusebenzisa isampula yabafundi abayi-188 kanye nabasebenzi abayi-14 base-NUL, imininingo yaqoqwa ngezindlela eziningi futhi ngezigaba eziningana ezakhanda ukuhlola okunzulu kobunjalo bokufunda eklasini le-inthanethi e-NUL. Ucwaningo lugcizelele ukuphenya ngokufuna imibono yabasebenzi kusetshenziswa izingxoxo mayelana nezinsiza abazisebenzisayo kanye nezingqinamba ababhekana nazo, futhi lwasebenzisa izingxoxo zamaqoqo acwaningwayo ukuqoqa imininingo ezinhlotsheni eziningi zabafundi mayelana nobunjalo bomsebenzi wokufunda nge-inthanethi. Ukuhlaziya ngezindikima kwasetshenzisa ukuhlaziya imininingo yekhwalithethivu. Ngokwemininingo eyatholakala ngesikhathi kwenziwa izingxoxo zamaqoqo acwaningwayo, ithuluzi elimikhakha mithathu i-SERVQUAL laphakanyiswa njengesikali esikufanele ukusetshenziswa ukubuka isimo samaklasi e-inthanethi e-NUL. Imiphumela iveza ukuthi ababambiqhaza abaqavile abathathu emsebenzini wokufunda nokufundisa nge-inthanethi bangabafundisi basezikhungweni, abafundi, kanye nengqalasisinda yezobuchwepheshe. Abafundi banomqondo wokuthi umsebenzi wokufunda kwabo uyathinteka uma bexhumana nabafundisi babo basezikhungweni futhi uma besebenza ndawonye emsebenzini wokukhiqiza ukufunda, kanti nengqalasizinda yezobuchwepheshe ibalulekile emsebenzini wokufundisa nokufunda. Yize kunjalo, ithuluzi elakhiwe ukufinyelela ebunjalweni bomsebenzi wokufunda bendawonye angeke lisebebenziseke ukuhlola ubunjalo bomsebenzi ofundwe nge-inthanethi.