College of Humanities

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A cause to unravel the role of criminologists in compiling pre-sentence report: a South African perspective.
(Taylor and Francis, 2020) Diko, Bongolethu.; Olofinbiyi, Sogo Angel.; Steyn, Jéan.
A sizeable number of individuals, including members of the criminal justice system, have limited knowledge of the value of criminologists’ proficiency to compile an intensive pre-sentence report. To fill in this gap and gain an in-depth understanding of how criminologists can contribute as active participants in the criminal court, a qualitative research paradigm involving one-on-one in-depth interviews was employed to collect the data information that was required for the study. The findings strongly suggest that criminologists, who are currently functioning peripherally in the CJS, can be employed to exert greater influence on the compilation of PSRs, not only in the Durban High Court but also across a diverse range of contemporary global societies. More elaborately, the study has adequately demonstrated that the professionalization of criminologists should not only be restricted to research and scholastic endeavours.
A content analysis of child neglect in the international journal, child abuse & neglect (2013-2022).
(2023) Richards, Lynne Althea.; Collings, Steven John.
Introduction: Child neglect has disastrous consequences for the normal development of a child; however, child neglect has purportedly been overlooked in the extant literature (Tingberg & Nilsson, 2020; Wolock & Horowitz, 1984). Objectives: This study seeks to summarise the research conducted on child neglect in the international journal, Child Abuse & Neglect published between 2013 to 2022. Furthermore, it seeks to provide an overview of published empirical research conducted on child neglect in relation to other forms of child maltreatment, highlighting trends concerning the research methodology and sample. Method: A content analysis of the publications on child neglect in the international journal, Child Abuse & Neglect (2013-2022) was conducted using Krippendorf’s (2018) method. Krippendorf’s alpha was assessed to be a=0.92, p < .001, indicating high interrater reliability. Findings:While no significant relationship was found between the types of child maltreatment that were studied, child neglect was consistently assessed the least. Contrarily, child ‘physical and emotional neglect’ was assessed the most. The increased assessment of child physical and emotional neglect aligned with the predominant use of the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACEQ), which are both used to assess physical and emotional neglect. Child neglect studies published in the international journal Child Abuse & Neglect (2013-2022) predominantly used cross-sectional designs and convenience samples. Moreover, these studies predominantly assessed samples in high-income countries. Conclusions: The current study suggests that the ‘neglect of neglect’ remains an issue in the literature. There is an increasing need for a universal and culturally sensitive definition from which to develop a suitable measure of child neglect. Moreover, research in low- and middle-income countries is essential to investigate the proposed relationship between poverty and neglect.
An analysis of contemporary IsiZulu performance poetry.
(2019) Myeni, Gladness Bongephiwe.; Sibiya, Nakanjani Goodenough.
Poetry is the most basic and profuse form of emotive expression in Africa. The African manifests feelings through an outburst of song or poem when he loves and when he hates, when he works and when he plays, when he is in peace and when he fights, when the child is born and when death takes its toll. Poetry should be understood as a part of ongoing sets of aesthetic traditions, acts of distinction, and values. These are recognizable genres of expression (in either the ways they actively align, reject, or refigure received traditions of use).This study is an analysis of thematic distribution and poetic features in isiZulu performance poetry and also seeks to explore its socio-linguistic impact in the society. An ethnographic methodological approach was employed in this study. Data collection involved use of interviews, voice recordings and observations of the performance sessions. This is informed by two complimentary theories that served as the theoretical framework. Firstly Bourne (2001) and Tolstoy’s (2001) expressive theory of arts was used as a background theory to provide benchmarks to the understanding of the main aim and appreciation of performance poetry. Secondly, the study used Hyme’s (1981) ethnopoetic theory, where ethnopoetics is concerned with composition in the course of performance. Ethnopoetics is the study of the ways that narratives are structured into “lines” and are thus poetic (Hymes, 1981). The findings demonstrate that most of the poems studied in this research dwelt much on the theme of love but without necessarily ignoring other issues such as women and child abuse, corruption and many other social ills. The researcher also discovered that isiZulu contemporary poetry employs unique linguistic elements in its expression of the diverse thematic issues. Code-mixing or code-switching and borrowing seem to be getting more attention in the composition of performance poems. = Izinkondlo e-Afrika ziyinto elula kakhulu neyindlela ejulile yokuveza imizwa. Abantu abangama-Afrika bakhombisa imizwa ngengoma noma ngenkondlo uma bethanda, bezonda, besebenza noma bedlala, uma benokuthula noma belwa, uma kuzelwe ingane noma kuvele isifo. Kumina izinkondlo zibukeka ziyizixazululo eziwusizo, ezingabukwa njengezingxenye zezinhlanganisela zobuhle besiko, izindlela zokuhlukanisa namazingakuphila. Lezi izinhlobo ezivamile zokuveza imizwa (okungaba izindlela abazihlanganisa ngokunamandla, bazinqabe, noma baphinde bazibhekisise izindlela ezitholakele zokusebenza). Lolu cwaningo luhlaziya izinkondlo zesiZulu ezihaywa bukhoma zesimanje. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukubuyekeza ukwabiwa kwezindikimba zezinkondlo zesiZulu ezihaywa bukhoma. Okwesibili, ukuhlaziya izici noma iminxa zobunkondlo emkhakheni omusha wezinkondlo zesiZulu, bese luphetha ngokuphenya umthelela walo mkhakha omusha wezinkondlo sesiZulu emphakathini. Kulolu cwaningo kusetshenziswe ikhwalithethivu egxile empilweni yabantu namasiko abo (ethnographic methodological approach) njengendlela yokuqhuba ucwaningo. Ukuqoqwa kolwazi kubandakanya, izingxoxo, amazwi aqoshiwe kanye nokuhlaziywa kokwenzeka kwezinto zinjengoba zinjalo. Lokhu kusekelwa izinjulalwazi ezimbili ezihambisanayo njengesisekelo socwaningo. Okokuqala, injulalwazi yokuzwakalisa imizwa yobuciko (expressive theory of arts), eyethulwa nguBourne (2001) noTolstoy (2001) njengomgogodla oyisizinda sokwazi inhlosongqangi yezinkondlo nokuhaywa kwezinkondlo zeshashalazi. Okwesibili, injulalwazi eqopha imibhalo wezinkondlo ezihaywa ngomlomo (ethnopoetic theory) kaHyme (1981), lapho le njulalwazi egxile esakhiweni senkondlo ngenkathi yenziwa. I-ethnopoetic iyisifundo sezindlela zokuhlela okudluliswayo kube imisho kanye nobunkondlo (Hymes, 1981). Ulwazi olutholakele luveza ukuthi izinkondlo eziningi ezikulolu cwaningo zigxile kakhulu endikimbeni yothando. Ngale kwalokho, kongoti bezinkondlo, osonkondlo noma izimbongi babuka uthando njengengxenye yempilo ehlukile kodwa kuya ngendlela imbongi ngayinye eqonda ngayo izindaba zothando. Umcwaningi uphinde wathola ukuthi izinkondlo zesimanje zisebenzisa izingxenye zolimi lapho ziveza okuthile ezindikimbeni ezahlukahlukene. Ukuxutshwa kolimi nokuboleka kwezinye izilimi kudla umhlanganiso uma kukhiqizwa izinkondlo zeshashalazi.
An examination of information ethics standards in the management of open access electronic information resources (OAEIR) by Zimbabwean university libraries = Ukuhlolwa kwamazinga oLwazi lwendlelakuziphatha ekulawulweni kokufinyelela okuvulelekile emithonjeni kagesi ngemitapo yolwazi yasenyuvesi yaseZimbabwe.
(2024) Hogo, Howard.; Hoskins, Ruth Geraldine Melonie.
The information society has given university libraries new technological tools and platforms to connect with their clients, eliminating the need to constrain what the library publishes and provision of access to its clients. However, it also unlocked many unanswered ethical questions and dimensions. The proliferation of open access electronic information resources (OAEIR) has created more significant ethical challenges for Library and Information Science (LIS) professionals, from the privacy, accuracy, property, and access to ethical standards, more so from the African cultural perspective. LIS professionals' adoption of information ethics standards, ethical dimensions and associated dilemmas are increasingly becoming topical issues in the information society due to the proliferation of OAEIR. The study was conducted to determine the adoption of information ethics standards in managing OAEIR by LIS professionals. Additionally, the study sought to determine information ethics dilemmas encountered by LIS professionals in executing open access electronic information management processes. Finally, the study sought to establish contextual information ethics standards that LIS professionals could implement in the open access electronic information management processes. The study adopted the deontological ethics theoretical framework and PAPA information ethics framework to thoroughly interrogate the library information processes, which are creation, organisation, and dissemination. The study used a pragmatism worldview as a research paradigm, a mixed methods research approach, and a sequential explanatory research design. The study population was drawn from LIS professionals serving in nine Zimbabwean university libraries. The study used the census survey sampling techniqu e and purposive sampling for operational level LIS professionals and managerial level LIS professionals, respectively. Additionally, the study used document analysis, which looked at OAEIR related policies and standard operating procedures. Quantitative and qualitative data analysis procedures were employed through descriptive statistics analysis and the SPSS, and thematic content analysis, respectively. The findings revealed that there was generally a lack of information and awareness on information ethics available to LIS professionals. University libraries' affiliation to the LIS code of ethics was viewed in terms of being members of either AfLIA or IFLA, but with no clear policy guidelines on how they would draw from these institutions’ codes. Local professional associations such as ZimLA and ZULC were not doing enough to conscientise LIS professionals on the profession's ethics. Resultantly, university libraries lacked clear policy direction regarding LIS professionals' ethical obligations in electronic content, affecting how ethical issues were being implemented in everyday electronic library workflow operations. Information management in this contemporary library environment and the information-seeking behaviour of library clients have created many ethical dilemmas for LIS professionals. The electronic information revolution has created many problematic ethical grey areas for LIS professionals, and generally in all PAPA, in the management processes of OAEIR. LIS professionals' application of ethical standards in the day-to-day management of OAEIR was influenced by duty-based principles at the library level, aided by experience. LIS professionals' culture greatly impacted the adoption and application of ethical principles and decisions in the management of OAEIR, ushering in an African culture ethical dimension. The available global codes of ethics standards for LIS professionals applied to LIS professionals in Zimbabwe in a broader sense, hence the need for a contextualised code of ethics framework. The study's findings contribute towards awareness, perception, and adoption of information ethics standards by Zimbabwean university libraries and other local affiliated associations, including managing ethical dilemmas emanating from the management of OAEIR. The study findings contribute a cultural dimension to the deontology ethics theoretical framework, thereby enhancing appreciation of the theory. The findings also contribute to more research on information ethics in relation to the LIS profession, especially from the African perspective, in addition to the offering of the discipline in LIS studies across the country and beyond, especially as viewed through the eyes of the contemporary library field. Iqoqa. Inhlangano yolwazi inikeze imitapo yolwazi yasemanyuvesi ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuze axhumane namakhasimende awo, lokhu kuzonciphisa izinga lokuthi amanyuvesi ancike kakhulu kuyona ekuhlinzekeni izidingo kumakhasimende awo. Kodwa-ke, le nhlangano iphinde yavulela imibuzo eminingi engaphenduliwe ngokuziphasa, okudala izinselelo ezibalulekile zokuziphatha kwezobuchwepheshe bemitapolwazi, iLibrary and Information Science (i-LIS) ekulawuleni izinsiza zolwazi oludluliswa ngezobuchwepheshe, i-open access electronic information resources (OAEIR). Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukusetshenziswa kolwazi ngendlela efanele nokunengqondo ekuxazululeni izinkinga zansuku zonke kuya ngokuya kuba inselelo kulo mphakathi wolwazi. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwanda kobuchwepheshe obuningi futhi kamuva i-OAEIR ilethe ukubaluleka kwenzindlela ezilungile zokuziphatha. Ucwaningo lwenzelwe ukuhlonza ukwamukeleka kohlelo lokuziphathi ngokuyikho ngabasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe kwezobuchwepheshe be-LIS ekulawuleni i-OAEIR, kanye nezingqinamba zokuziphatha okuhlangatshezwane nazo. Ukwengeza, lolu cwaningo belucwaninga ngolwazi lwezimo zokuziphatha, ngokombono wamasiko ase-Afrika. Njengoba manje sekugxilwe kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni ezobuchwepheshe izingxoxo ezinobuhlakani sezigxile ekutholeni izimiso zokuziphatha, kuyanda ukunakwa kwezimiso zokuziphatha ngenxa yokukhula okukhulu kobuchwepheshe besimanje obuguqule indlela ochwepheshe be-LIS abathola ngayo, abahlela, futhi basakaze ngayo ulwazi kumakhasimende abo. Nakuba imitapo yolwazi yamanyuvesi ibilokhu yamukela ngokuqinile i-OAEIR, ukwamukelwa kwezindinganiso zokuziphatha ekuphathweni kwe-OAEIR kusadingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe kabanzi. Alukho ucwaningo oluningi olunamandla olwalutholakala, nokuthi ukucabanga okutholakalayo mayelana nezimiso zokuziphatha zolwazi e-Afrikha kwakusekuncane ngezindlela eziningi. Izifundo ze-LIS ezinikezwa njalo futhi ezindabeni zezimiso zolwazi kuphela zisantuleka kakhulu. Ucwaningo luze nendlela yokuziphatha ecacile kanye nohlaka lwezimiso zolwazi lwe-PAPA. Ucwaningo lusebenzise indlelakubuka egxile ekwenzeni, ipragmatism, indlela yocwaningo lwezindlela ezixubile, kanye nocwaningo oluchazayo ngokulandelana kwezinto. Abahlanganyeli balolu cwaningo abasebenzi abaqeqeshiwe be-LIS abasebenza emitapweni yolwazi yamanyuvesi ayisishiyagalolunye aseZimbabwe. Imiphumela iveza ukuntuleka kolwazi kanye nokusetshenziswa kwendlela elungile yokuziphatha kwabasebenzi be-LIS, okwenza kube nezinkinga eziningi abasebenzi be-LIS ababhekana nazo. Ukwengeza, abasebenzi be-LIS baphinde basebenzise amasiko abo ukulandela indlela elungile yokuziphatha, okufaka inhlese yamasiko endleleni elungile yokuziphatha.
The authoritarian character: revisited.
(2022) Govender, Nathisvaran Kumarasen.; Swer, Gregory Huw Morgan.; Sivil, Richard Charlton.
In this thesis, I revisit the authoritarian character concept, as developed by members of the first-generation Frankfurt School. The authoritarian character concept (ACC) was a concept developed to understand the predisposition of individuals and societies towards seeking the domination of authoritarian demagogic as opposed to realising their own liberation. The need to revisit the ACC came about due to a noticeable rise of authoritarian demagogic leaders within liberal democracies. However, in researching the ACC, I observed that the dominant narrative was incorrect in its interpretation of the conceptual development of the ACC, and subsequently, is overly restrictive with regards to its conceptual parentage as it did not consider conceptual developments outside of 1936-1939. Therefore, in this project, I revisit the ACC with the aim of detailing a conceptually clear understanding of the ACC so that it could be used to help analyse the problem of contemporary authoritarianism. In revisiting the ACC, I hope to achieve four objectives. Firstly, to set out the foundations of the ACC by looking at the Frankfurt School and the conceptual makeup of the ACC. Secondly, was establishing a dominant narrative surrounding the ACC, which I termed the received view of the ACC. This received view holds the conceptual lifespan of the ACC as starting in 1936 and ending in 1939. Thirdly, to show that the received view of the ACC is incorrect with regard to the genesis of the ACC as work had been ongoing on the development of key concepts prior to 1936 and provide a revised account of the ACC to include this early conceptual development. Fourthly, to show that the received view of the ACC is incorrect with regards to the demise of the ACC, in 1939, as work was ongoing on evolving the ACC to meet more modern challenges well into the 1970s. Furthermore, these later developments of the ACC would ultimately complete the teleological arc of the ACC as a concept of Critical Theory as it is within these later developments that the ACC finally fulfils its goal of detailing a possible praxis that works towards an emancipated society.
Community development: evaluating governance sphere and service delivery challenges: the case study of Inkosi Langalibalele local municipality in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
(2021) Moloi, Marole Nkosikhona.; Khalema, Ernest Nene.
Since the advent of democracy in South Africa, municipal governance and service delivery has been marred with many challenges. These include but are not limited to high levels of corruption, performance, lack of transparency, poor financial management, lack of competent leadership and poor service delivery. All these challenges reflect poor governance across most local governments, often resulting in service delivery protests. This study sought to reflect and evaluate governance and service delivery sphere challenges in the Inkosi Langalibalele Municipality as one of the municipalities placed under “provincial intervention” as per Section 139 of the Constitution of South Africa of 1996. Since 2017, Inkosi Langalibalele Municipality has been under “provincial intervention” to address failures in delivering essential services, poor functioning of oversight structures, lack of consequence management, and inability to demonstrate sound financial management. Though there is a consistent exploration of different challenges and loopholes existing in municipal governance across studies, there remains a dearth of the researcher that engaged in critical evaluation of the impact of “provincial intervention” in addressing governance and service delivery challenges in South Africa. Therefore, this study aimed to provide a detailed evaluation of governance and service delivery challenges in a municipality under “provincial intervention”. To adequately address this, a contextual study approach had to be conducted, and the following questions were crucial in guiding the study: (i)What is the relationship between good governance and service delivery in Inkosi Langalibalele Municipality?;(ii) What are governance and service delivery approaches utilized by the Municipality?; (iii) What are existing governance and service delivery challenges in the Municipality? and; (iv) What are strategies to improve governance and service delivery in the Municipality? Using a qualitative exploratory research design, 20 in-depth interviews were conducted with key informants to understand the governance and service delivery challenges and identify measures that can be used to address these challenges. The study's findings revealed that there have not been any significant improvements in the governance infrastructures with the provincial intervention in place. On the contrary, service delivery remains very slow, and public participation processes have been grossly affected. Improving standards of local governments while detached from the constitutional values of public participation is a crucial challenge that needs attention if “provincial interventions” are to be successfully effective in practice.
"Exile is a traumatizing horror, a nightmare of terror, a destabilizing drama, a suicidal downer, a dehumanizing outrage, a continuous bondage”: a psychobiography of Hugh Ramapolo Masekela.
(2024) Zimbaye, Sannah Tsatsawane.; Cartwright, Duncan James.
Various studies provide explorations and descriptions of the implications of exile. However, fewer South African studies give a psychobiographical account of the implications of exile on personhood and/or personality development. Psychobiography is qualitative in nature and refers to the systematic, descriptive, and explorative study of the life histories of past or present significant and influential members of society in light of psychological conceptions. The primary aim of this study is to give a psychobiographical account of the implications of exile on Hugh Ramapolo Masekela’s (1939-2018) psychodynamic life. Purposive sampling was used to select Masekela as the psychobiographical subject. His experience of exile for thirty years, extraordinary musical abilities, sociopolitical activism, and rich biographical data make him a suitable subject. Masekela’s musical abilities earned him global recognition as the father of South African jazz music. He employed his music, including live performances, as his political voice against the apartheid regime. The researcher established an analytical matrix to classify data and employed Erikson’s theory of psychosocial development to systematically evaluate and extrapolate Masekela’s life history. Erikson’s theory emphasises how historical, social, cultural, and external environmental factors impact an individual’s personality development. The research findings revealed that Masekela’s sociohistorical context, including his early life and the occurrences of his external environment, complicated his identity development and, subsequently, his ability to cope and adapt during exile. Masekela experienced a sense of mistrust in himself and his external environment, exilic trauma, anxiety and personal destabilisation. He also experienced feelings of isolation, loss and inadequacy. Masekela’s experience of exile perpetuated his regression to past psychosocial conflicts, alongside his psychosocial moratorium and identity confusion. Even so, Masekela’s continuing sense of purpose and competence facilitated the development of his career fidelity. Masekela had two significant experiences which led to his catharsis and the eventual resolution of previous psychosocial crises, namely: (a) his return from exile and (b) rehabilitation from substance use. Lastly, this study contributes to South Africa’s progressing field of psychobiography as a methodological approach.
Experiences of adolescents transitioning into blended families from a selected high school in the Umlazi District.
(2024) Harisingh, Keiasha.; Mkhize-Mthiyane, Ncamisile Parscaline.
Research indicates that adolescents across the globe experience stressful life events such as their parents’ divorce, separation and other forms of family breakdown, which often results in them having to transition into blended families. For some adolescents, the transition process is often confusing and stressful and can affect their psychological, physical, mental, and socio-emotional health and educational achievements. The South African government and the Department of Basic Education have neglected to acknowledge or include provisions and support for blended families. This lack of inclusion is also experienced by teachers who are often ill-equipped and inexperienced to assist their learners who are transitioning into their new blended families. This study explored the experiences of adolescents transitioning into blended families and examined how they navigated their adjustment to their blended families. This study was underpinned by an interpretivist paradigm and theoretically framed by the McMaster Model of Family Functioning (MMFF). A qualitative case study design was applied, and semi-structured interviews and diaries were utilised to gather data from twelve participants at a selected high school in the Umlazi District in KwaZulu-Natal. Ethical principles, including voluntary participation, non-maleficence, beneficence and confidentiality, were ensured, and the data was analysed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that how adolescents received their transition announcements influenced their receptiveness to their new blended families. It was also discovered that the blended families engaged in varied methods of conflict resolution and levels of family involvement that ranged from effective to ineffective in terms of their family functioning. The findings further revealed the types of support that adolescents received throughout their transition as well as their evaluation of their emotional stability and the effectiveness of their transition into their respective blended families. The study concludes that all adolescents who transition into blended families have unique experiences based on varied circumstances, and this indicates that support initiatives for these adolescents must be personalised and cater to their individual needs.
Implementation of monitoring and evaluation policies in the government pension administration agency of the South African public service.
(2024) Khanyile, Sebastion Sizwe Thaboni.; Govender, Jayanathan.
The South African Public Service continues to experience the elements of ineffective implementation of policy monitoring and evaluation policies, which, by implication, are directly responsible for the slow service delivery. This problem has led to the notion that despite monitoring and evaluation policies, underlying tensions exist in the policy and practice. This study examines the implementation of monitoring and evaluation policies in the Government Employee Pension Fund (GEPF) of the South African Public Service, with specific reference to Frontline Monitoring and Support programs (FM & S). The study utilized mixed methods. The qualitative research approach was necessary to get in-depth and rich information regarding the life experiences of the officials and recipients of the FM & S programs. The study collected data through primary and secondary methods. In doing that, the study utilized documentary analysis and interviews as data collection tools. The study used thematic analysis to analyze qualitative data, graphs, and percentages. The study collected and analyzed data about client satisfaction in FM & S programs using closed-ended questions on a Likert scale. This data was examined quantitatively using graphs, tables, and percentages. The study's findings revealed that the GEPF is implementing four programs directly linked with the Department of Planning, Monitoring, and Evaluation's (DPME) frontline monitoring and evaluation policies. However, several policy-implementation problems were observed in bureaucratic procedures under institutional oversight and organizational culture. These included poor working relationships in inter-intra-governmental structures, poor communication within the organizational structures, underutilization of evaluation results, and poor information dissemination strategies. The study demonstrates that, while there are policy and implementation conflicts in the bureaucratic procedures, they do not substantially impact public service delivery. On average, 83% of clients were satisfied with the services provided, while 3% were unsure and 13% were dissatisfied. The study recommends the urgent need for improvements in implementing the recommendations to improve the performance of FM & S programs. The study also highlights the importance of utilizing feedback reports to take corrective action during the implementation of policies. It also proposes the need for one-on-one interdepartmental engagements to discuss departmental challenges. The study encourages monitoring and evaluation to learn and improve other than for compliance purposes. Iqoqa. Lolu cwaningo luhlole ukuqalisa ukusebenza kwezinqubomgomo zokugada nokuhlaziya iGovernment Employee Pension Fund yeSouth African Public Service, kubhekwe kakhulu uhlelo olwaziwa ngeFrontline Monitoring and Support Programme. ISouth African Public Service iyaqhubeka nokuba nesihlava sokuqalisa ukusebenza okungeyikho kokugada inqubomgomo nezinqubomgomo zokuhlaziya, eziqondene nokulethwa kwemisebenzi ngendlela engagculisi. Ucwaningo lwathatha indlelasu yocwaningo lwekhwalithethivu ukuze kube nokuqoqwa okujulile nokunothile mayeana nokwenzeka empilweni yabasebenzi nabemukeli bezinhlelo zeFrontline Monitoring and Support. Izindlelakwenza zolwazi oluqoqwe mahlanze noluqoqwe ezincwadini zibandakanye ukuhlaziya amadokhumenti kanye nezimposambuzo ezijulile zabasebenzi nabanesabelo. Imininingo yafakwa ohlaziyweni lwezindikimba lwase lwethulwa ngamathebula, amagrafu nezikalozilinganiso zamaphesenti. Imininingo yaveza amazinga okweneliseka kwamaklayenti ngezinhlelo zeFrontline Monitoring and Support. Okutholakele ocwaningweni kuveze ukuthi iGovernment Employee Pension Fund yaqalisa izinhlelo ezine ezixhumene ngqo nezinqubomgomo zoMnyango wokuHlela, nokuHlaziya kwezinqubomgomo zeFrontline monitoring and evaluation. Kodwa, ngokuhlaziya ngaphansi kwesikhungo sokwengamela nokuhlaziya indlelakusebenza yenhlangano, kwabonakala izinkinga eziningi zokuqalisa ukusebenza. Lokhu kwakufaka ubudlelwane obungebuhle bokusebenzisana nezinhlaka zensebenziswano yohulumeni; ukungaxhumani ngendlela nezinhlaka zenhlangano; ukungasetshenziswa ngokwanele kwemiphumela yokuhlaziya; namasu okusabalaliswa kolwazi okungenele. Kodwa, ucwaningo lukhombise ukuthi ngesikhathi kunenqubomgomo nokuqalisa ukusebenza ukungaboni ngaso linye ezinqubweni ezinamazinga ehlukene, akubanga nomthelela omkhulu ngokulethwa kwezidingo zomphakathi. Ngokwejwayelekile, amaklayenti angama-83% ayenelisekile ngemisebenzi ehlinzekiwe, ngesikhathi ama-3% ayengenasiqinisekiso kanti ayi-13% ayengenelisekile. Ucwaningo luphakamisa isidingo esiphuthumayo sokuphucula ukuqalisa ukusebenza kweziphakamiso ezithile zokuphucula ukusebenza kwezinhlelo zeFrontline Monitoring and Support. Ucwaningo luphinde lwagqamisa ukubaluleka kokusebenzisa ibuyiselambiko ukuze lilungise isenzo ngesikhathi sokuqalisa ukusebenza izinqubomgomo. Kuphinde kwaphakanyiswa isidingo sokubonisana komnyango nomuntu ngamunye ukudingida izinselelo zangaphakathi. Ucwaningo lwagqugquzela ukugada nokuhlaziya ukuze kufundwe kulokho, nezinhlelo zokwenza ngcono, ngale kwezinhloso zokuhambisana nokubekiwe.
Low socioeconomic status (SES) as a predictor of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children and adolescents: a scoping review.
(2023) Slabbert, Angelique.; Valjee, Sachet Rabindranath.
Childhood trauma presents potential lifelong consequences for health and well-being. Research indicates that those with low socioeconomic status (SES) are disproportionately exposed to trauma and that childhood victimisation is associated with a higher risk for mental health problems. Existing literature in this field has predominantly focused on quantitative analysis and the adult population. There is a scarcity of research analysing the role low SES plays in the outcome of PTSD (Post-traumatic stress disorder) amongst children and adolescents within a low socioeconomic context. This study aimed to map and comprehensively analyse studies investigating low socioeconomic status as a predicting variable of PTSD among children and adolescents to generate insight and establish areas for future research. The present study was qualitative and utilised Kira’s taxonomy of trauma and assessment theory to support the objectives (Kira, 2001). A scoping review method was used guided by Arksey and O’Malley (2005). The search period was from 2012 to 2022. The search strategy for this scoping review used two electronic platforms, Ebscohost and Wiley, which provided access to the following databases: Academic search complete, APA Psychinfo, APA Psycharticles, Medline, and ERIC. The researcher screened all studies independently, and an external reviewer evaluated eligible articles. Charting the data involved synthesising and interpreting data according to key issues using a table format. Further analysis included descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. Five prominent themes were developed: 1) structural risk/protective factors, 2) stages of development, 3) gender differences, 4) study design, and 5) study outcomes. The findings of this study illustrated a positive relationship between low SES and PTSD by identifying that low SES increased the chance of developing PTSD due to situational factors (early life exposure), negatively impacting he cognitive appraisals of a child. Contextual factors (types of SES indicators), such as parental instability, increased interpersonal violence, and scarce resources, further perpetuate the cycle of poverty and traumatic exposure. The study also identified crucial gaps in the literature, such as the need for qualitative/mixed methods and longitudinal research studies and the need for standardised low SES measures, among others, which could inform future research about the incremental validity of SES measures when determining a complete child or adolescent victimisation profile.
Money laundering risks and the corruption factor, its management within the financial sector of Zimbabwe (1983-2017+)
(2022) Chikomba, Collins Prosper.; Mkhize, Sazelo Michael.; De Wet, Johan Andrew.
This empiric contextual study on ML risks and the corruption factor and its management within Zimbabwe’s financial sector’ covering period (1983 to 2017) was undertaken to explore and bring better understanding of the phenomena: influences, nexus, ramifications and in the final, propose measures to enhance the effectiveness of AC & AML regimes in the country. Built on available conceptual literature and the empirical evaluation of multiple Zimbabwean contextual case studies in which intermediary institutions (banks/financial institutions and public officials respectively: their owner executives/management, and, their opposite in government, (hereinafter) cited as (PEPs) were/are implicated, the study employed a multiple/mixed case study design of quantitative approach, coupled with the utilisation of qualitative secondary data collection approaches dictated to by the aim and objectives of the study. The ‘head office’ approach, mirrored on the British Retail Consortium (BRC) in their ‘Retail Crime Costs’ surveys (1994): that of accessing target respondents at various of their organisations outlets to obtain data by postal questionnaire(s), was used on a drop and pick basis, in combination with door to door visits, e-mails and, follow-ups by phone and direct interviews. at (Police HQ, Ministry of Justice and the two banks). The approach is credited for accessing and aggregating large sample size data in good time and, at relatively low cost. Guided also by the overriding aim and objectives, a synthesis of two time-honoured, and, contemporary criminological theories in the main: the rational choice, and, social determinist perspective, complemented by four choice concepts: 1. ‘Public choice concept by Caiden (2001)’ et.al., 2. Bad apple theory by Graaf, (2003); 3. Situational action theory; and, 4. Organizational culture theory by Wilkstrom (2004); all, relevant, leading to a discourse that seek to explain factors contributing to corruption and ML and, their control using a triangulation of measures mainly: situational, and social plus tertiary, were employed to benchmark the research. The findings, broadly considered, reveal among others things that, firstly and secondly; the link between corruption and ML is symbiotic and, at least two fold in that the proceeds of corruption, particularly when substantial, are prone to be laundered, and that, when conjoined, the effects of corruption and poor governance can weaken the successful operations of AML regimes. Third but not last was/is that, corruption and ML collectively can, prove difficult to accomplish as the mutual relationship between them tends to be historically and bureaucratically skewed. In closing, are recommendations for banks and government to help enhance the effectiveness of existing and new AML structures/regimes, proliferated with justified emphasis on improved enforcement, legislations and regulatory measures (e.g.), emplacement of human, legal, technical and operation capacity (where non exist). Included also is under (Chapter 7), is the ‘premise’ of ‘cross-organisational isomorphism’: learning from other organisations, and/or, other people’s grand disaster experiences akin to the grand financial disasters suffered by the Zimbabwean victim banks studied herein – by way of communication through security risk awareness and prevention education and specific training.
Multinational joint task force counter insurgency: A strategic containment of ISWAP insurgency in the Lake Chad Basin, 2009-2019 = Okwenziwa ibutho kwabalwisana nabo bombutho ohlanganise amazwe ngamazwe kazwelonke, isu lokunqanda amavukelambuso e-ISWAP eLake Chad Basin ngonyaka wezi-2009 kuya kowezi-2019.
(2023) Akubueze, Oliver.; Khan, Sultan.
The Islamic State West Africa Province (ISWAP) insurgency has existed for over two decades. Over the years, it has grown from a pygmy insurgency threat to a colossal insurgency security problem currently perplexing the Lake Chad Basin’s (LCB)socio-economic and political equilibrium. The study traced the intricacies surrounding ISWAP’s emergence, evolution, merger and transition between 2009 and 2015 and recorded details of how the micro-Islamic sect gravitated into a macro security challenge. The study examined when and why the Multinational Joint Taskforce (MNJTF) was established and the factors that have handicapped its counterinsurgency campaigns in the LCB since 2012. Despite the counterinsurgency onslaughts, the ISWAP insurgency is still in operation. This is why the successes and failures of ISWAP containment before the intervention of the MNJTF in 2014 were examined. The aim was to provide the rationale for comparing the two periods, 2009 to 2014 and the succeeding years following the MNJTF intervention, 2015 to 2019, under study. A review of previous works identified previous scholars’ weaknesses and strengths, which resonates with the logic that while significant attention was given to assessing homologous counterinsurgency arrangements, the MNJTF was largely overlooked in their literature. Both primary and secondary sources provided relevant information towards examining the factors that contributed to and sustained the activities of the ISWAP insurgency in LCB. The study critically examined the historical background of MNJTF, updated mandates, and counterinsurgency approaches in the fight against insurgency. The study also reiterated the importance of counterinsurgency approaches other than traditional military fighting, which is the root cause of insurgency, largely linked to the poor economic situation of the LCB countries and other social and religious factors. The study provides valuable recommendations that would guide the MNJTF in finding a sustainable solution to the ISWAP insurgency in the Chad Basin. Other institutions, governments and international organisations in Africa and elsewhere would also benefit from the recommendations as the world, especially Africa, struggles with insurgencies. Iqoqa. Amavukelambuso e-Islamic State esesiFundazweni esiseNtshonalanga ne-Afrika (ISWAP) asehlale ngaphezu kwamakhulunyaka amabili. Eminyakeni engaphezu kweyishumi, kwakhula ukwesatshiswa kwabantu abafushane abangamavukelambuso enkingeni enkulu yezokuphepha kwamavukelambuso okuyimanje kudida inhlalomnotho nesimokulingana eLake Chad Basin’s (LCB). Ucwaningo lwalandelela okuyimininingwane ezungeze ukubonakala kwe-ISWAP, ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, inhlanganisela nendlulela phakathi konyaka wezi- 2009 nowezi-2015 nemininingwane ebhalwe phansi yokuthi ngabe iqoqo elincane lama-Islam labantu abayingozi lifika kanjani engqinambeni yezokuphepha okukhulu. Ucwaningo lwahlola ukuthi yasungulwa nini futhi kungani iMultinational Joint Taskforce (MNJTF) nokuthi iziphi izinto ezaletha ubunzima emikhankasweni eyathathelwa izinyathelo eziphikisayo e-LCB kusukela ngowe-2012. Ngale kokuphazanyiswa ukuhlaselwa ngezinyathelo eziphikisayo ezathathwa, amavukelambuso e-ISWAP namanje asasebenza. Yingakho kwahlolwa ukuphumelela nokwehluleka kokunqanda i-ISWAP ngaphambi kokungenelela kwe-MNJTF ngowezi- 2014. Inhloso kwakungukunikezela ngomqondo wokuqhathanisa izikhathi zombili, sonyaka wezi-2009 kuya kowezi-2014 futhi okwakuyiminyaka yempumelelo kulandela ukungenelela kwe-MNJTF, unyaka wezi-2015 kuya kowezi-2019, ngokusacwaningwa ngakho. Ukubuyekezwa kwemisebenzi eyedlule kwakhombisa ubuthaka nalokho abanamandla kukho ongoti, okuzwakala kunokucabanga okuhlelekile okuthi ngenkathi kusemqoka ukunaka ukuhlolwa kwezinhlelo zokuthathela amavukelambuso izinyathelo ezifanayo, i-MNJTF yayinganakiwe kakhulu emibhalweni yabo. Yomibili imithombo owokuqala nowesibili yanikezela ngolwazi oluyilo mayelana nokuhlola okuphathelene neqhaza nokusimama kwemisebenzi yamavukelambuso e-ISWAP e-LCB. Ucwaningo lwahlola ngokuhlolisisa isendlalelo somlando we-MNJTF, amagunya abuyekeziwe kanye nezindlela ezilwisana nokuphikisa kwamavukelambuso. Ucwaningo lwabuye lwagcizelela kaningi ubumqoka bezindlela zokuphikisa kwamavukelambuso ngaphandle nokulwisana nombutho wezendabuko, okuyiwona oyimbangela yomsuka wamavukelambuso, kwaxhunyaniswa kakhulu nesimo esibi sezomnotho emazweni e-LCB nezimo zenhlalobantu nezenkolo. Ucwaningo lwanikezela ngezincomo ezinhle kakhulu ezazizoqondisa i-MNJTF ekutholeni isisombululo esisimeme kumavukelambuso e-ISWAP e-Chad Basin.
National development plan: analysis of South African police service vision for 2030 to build safer communities.
(2022) Zulu, Bongiwe Matilda.; Singh, Shanta Balgobind.
Chapter 12 of the National Development Plan (NDP) Vision 2030 aims to create an environment in South Africa (SA) where people living in the country will feel safe at home, on the street, at school, at work and in public spaces, and have no fear of crime. The NDP emphasises the safety and security of women and children. It further suggests an integrated approach to resolving the root causes of crime that involves an active citizenry and interrelated responsibilities and coordinated service delivery by both the state and non-state actors. This study sought to analyse how the South African Police Service (SAPS) was implementing the NDP Vision 2030 in building safer communities. It focused on the SAPS implementation of Chapter 12 of the NDP Vision 2030. In addition, it examined the attitudes and perceptions of actors and implementers regarding the NDP implementation within the SAPS. It analysed the translation of the NDP chapter 12’s five priority areas, and the SAPS understanding, alignment and internalisation of the NDP vision of building safer communities. It further examined the challenges the SAPS experienced and the progress it made in implementing the five priority areas in building safer communities. This study covered public policy implementation, theory of change and internalisation as conceptual frameworks. The study adopted mixed methodology as both qualitative and quantitative approaches were employed. Literature and document analysis and reviews were conducted. Questionnaires were distributed to collect data from Eastern Cape, Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal and Western Cape. The qualitative methodology consisted of a total of 306 community participants and 397 police participants who responded to a single public opinion question (Appendix 1) and a total of 13 individual experts who responded to 12 questions during semi-structured interviews (Appendix 2). A total of 807 (42,3%) police officers and 1 101 (57,7%) community members responded on the quantitative questionnaire (Appendix 3). The raw data gathered from the quantitative approach were captured on the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) system and recorded. The data gathered from qualitative approach were grouped, categorised and themed. Eventually, they were analysed and interpreted. The findings of the study confirmed that the NDP was not without deep-rooted crises and factors influencing policy implementation in SA. These crises included failure to translate policies into long-term plans and lack of planning systems and competencies to implement policies. There were many legislative, policy and strategic response trajectories towards building safer communities in place, but there was lack of institutionalisation, monitoring and evaluation of their impact on community safety. A steady decline in communities feel safe nullified the NDP vision of the people living in SA feeling safe and having no fear of crime. Adverse basic living, social, health and economic conditions for the people of SA and ineffective execution of programmes to improve these conditions impacted negatively on community safety. The study validated the prevalence of juvenile delinquency and lack of trust and confidence between the police and communities. Based on theoretical framework of this study, a conclusion on the tripartite relationship between three interdependent critical variables in achieving safer communities was drawn. The interdependence of these variables on the policy implementation theory framework was founded on NDP implementation and theory of change. The researcher’s proposed Safer Community Model and Proactive and Integrated Model for Crime and Violence Prevention and the internalisation theory were grounded on the commitment of actors and implementers in shaping the direction of safer communities.
Paradiplomacy as a capacity building strategy for good governance at the local level in South Africa=Ukubambisana kwamazwe njengeSu lokwakha ukuphatha okuhle ezingeni lezaseKhaya eNingizimu Afrika.
(2023) Wilson, Osemoboh Regis.; Magam, Nolubabalo Lulu.
Abstract Governance in South Africa is plagued with a lot of challenges. This study names inept capacity as a primary challenge of governance as it is linked to a panoply of malaise from corruption to underdevelopment. The aim of the study is to explore how building good governance capacity can become part of the multipronged long-term solution to local governments’ distress. The argument is that capacity development for good governance at the local level should underpin reformation policies and efforts. Extensive evidence show that international organisations and donors provide support to developing countries in a manner that seeks to build institutional capacity and improve the quality of governance. As a manner of optimising such supports, this study makes a case that donors can collaborate with subnational entities to coproduce capacity and governance solutions tailored to the concerns of local communities through paradiplomacy. Paradiplomacy is global cooperation at a local level, with correlating positive impacts at a local level. Because of globalisation, supranational (e.g., The African Union, SADC, The European Union) authorities have emerged as crucial players in international relations; more so, territorial sovereignty gives way for more informal types of horizontal cooperation and structured interdependence between nation-states. Global problems have local impacts as such, but policies promulgated at supranational levels are often ineffective at the local level. This study adopts a qualitative approach as it interviewed key respondents from the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs (KZN-CoGTA) to explore workable solutions by making case for how best to address the issue of reduced or deficit capacity among government actors. Such a problem has given rise to a plethora of challenges when it come to the implementation and efficient execution of policies in South Africa. The study found that as the state ceases to be the only actor in public action, paradiplomacy presents itself as a tool for enhancing local institutional capacity and concomitantly improve the quality of governance in South Africa. IQOQO Ukubusa eNingizimu Afrika kuhaqwe wuxhaxha lwezinselelo. Lolu cwaningo lubalula ubungako bokungakwazi njengenselelo ngqangi yokubusa njengoba kuxhunyaniswa nokubhidlanga kokonakala kusuka enkohlakalweni kuya ekulethweni kancane kwentuthuko. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukuhlola ukuthi angakhuliswa kanjani amandla okuphatha kahle okungaba yingxenye yesixazululo sakade esimbaxa sokuthwala kanzima kohulumeni basekhaya. Impikiswano ithi ukuveza amakhono okuphatha kahle emazingeni aphansi kufanele kwesekele ukucandulwa nemizamo yokuguqulwa kwemigomo. Ubufakazi obubanzi bukhombisa ukuthi izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe nabanikela ngesihle bahlinzeka ngosizo ukwesekela amazwe asathuthuka ngendlela efuna ukwakha amandla esikhungo nokuthuthukisa ubunjalozinga bokuphatha. Njengendlela yokuthuthukisa izisekelo ezinje, lolu cwaningo lubeka udaba lokuthi abanikela ngesihle bangabambisana nezinhlangano ezingaphansi kwamanye amazwe ukuba kufukuliswane ngamandla nezixazululo zokuphatha ezihambisana nokukhathazeka komphakathi wendawo ngokuzibandakanya kwabanye ohulumeni. Ukubambisana kohulumeni kungukusebenzisana komhlaba wonke emazingeni endawo, nokunemithelela emihle ehambisanayo ezingeni lendawo. Ngenxa yomhlabuhlangene, ukuhlangana kwamazwe (isib., African Union, SADC, European Union) iziphathimandla ziqubuke njengabadlali ababalulekile ebudlelwaneni bamazwe ngamazwe; ngaphezu kwalokho, ubukhosi bendawo buphendla indlela yezinhlobo eziningi ezingenamgomo zokubambisana sakuncintisana nokuzimela sakuncika okuhlelekile phakathi kobuzwe bamazwe. Izinkinga zomhlaba wonke zinemithelela endaweni kanjalo, kodwa imigomo emenyezelwa emazingeni aphezulu amazwe ayivamile ukusebenza ezingeni lendawo. Lolu cwaningo lukhethe indlela yekhwalithethivu njengoba lwenze inhlolovo kwabaphendulile abaqavile eMnyangweni wezokuBusa ngokuBambisana neZindaba zoMdabu KwaZulu-Natali KZN-CoGTA) ukuhlola izixazulululo ezisebenzayo ngokubeka udaba lokuthi kungabhekwana kanjani nokunciphisa noma ukweswelakala kwamandla phakathi kwabasebenzi bakahulumeni. Inkinga enje yenze kwadlanga izinselelo eziningi uma kukhulunywa ngokuqaliswa nokusetshenziswa ngempumelelo kwemigomo eNingizimu Afrika. Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi njengoba umbuso uyeka ukuba kube yiwona kuphela umdlali ekwenzeni komphakathi, ukubambisana kwamazwe kuziveza khona luqobo njengensizakusebenza ukukhulisa amandla okwazi kwendawo kanye nokuthuthukisa izingabunjalo lokuphatha eNingizimu Afrika.
Psychological strengths of spirituality and transcendence and wellbeing of managers in the automotive sector.
(2024) Singh-Modi, Jasmé.; Buitendach, Johanna Hendrina.; Reuben, Shanya.
The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of managers, drawing on the constructs of the PERMA model of wellbeing and on their respective challenges, as well as to examine the role and utilisation of the psychological strengths (PS) of transcendence, so as to overcome managerial challenges within the South African automotive manufacturing industry. This study employed a qualitative approach in its method of data collection and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis for interpretation and analyses. The data was hence analysed via an idiographic, inductive and interrogative approach. The Broaden-and-Build theoretical framework was implemented, as a broadened behavioural repertoire, over time, is said to also build skills and resources that enhance survival. Psychofortology provides a perspective of positive psychology from which this research was conducted. The study participants comprised twelve managers within the subsidiaries of the chosen company in the automotive sector, nationwide, who voluntarily participated in the research. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data and gain insight into the managers’ experiences of wellbeing, the challenges they experienced, the positive and negative factors that were taken into account, and their use of psychological strengths to negate these challenges. The intention of the study was to propose a set of guidelines that could be used to develop a holistic wellbeing intervention for managers by investigating and building on the PS of transcendence that promote wellbeing and that facilitate the capacity of an individual to “flourish.”The findings suggest that the PS of transcendence were utilised by managers in their experience of wellbeing; however, these were not adequately utilised to cope with challenges. This was due to managers not having a good knowledge and experience of the strengths. It was established that the implementation of existing positive psychological interventions (PPIs) is not adequate. The PPIs are not standardised and customised for each of the subsidiaries, and further development is required to suit the unique requirements of each subsidiary in order to address the specific challenges experienced as noted in the findings. The following recommendations for the study were made, and discussed in three parts. The first part discusses the more commonly used PPIs in the workplace, the mainstream or traditional approach. These PPIs are currently found to be implemented within the organisations to greater and lesser extents; however, they are not uniform, customised nor standardised across all 242 subsidiaries. A more user-friendly approach to the traditional approach was recommended for how existing PPIs may be further developed, utilising PS for transcendence and incorporating a more personalised approach. The second part comprises practical activities or mindfulness exercises that can be practised by managers either within or outside of the workplace to further develop their PS of transcendence. The third part discusses a less common approach which is only practised by some and generally practised outside of the workplace. This alternative approach provides a means to connect with and develop the inner working of the body or the internal state of being. Comparative, quantitative, empirical studies with larger samples are suggested to support the findings and to further explore this interesting phenomenon.
Reflections on the experiences of pastoral caregivers in the Evangelical Lutheran church in Zimbabwe-Central diocese during the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions.
(2024) Moyo, Trust.; Moyo, Herbert.
The tragic COVID-19 outbreak from Wuhan, China, prompted governments to enact public health measures to stem the virus's spread after the World Health Organization proclaimed it to be a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. The epidemic had a devastating global impact that forced Governments to implement public health measures to stop the spread of the virus. The COVID-19 lockdown laws prohibited in-person gatherings which traditionally served as the foundation for Christian worship. In order to develop pastoral care strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond, the main goal of this research study was to reflect in depth on the experiences of pastoral caregivers in the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Zimbabwe-Central Diocese (ELCZ-CD) during the lockdown restrictions. Using qualitative research methodologies, the researcher collected data from forty (40) purposively selected pastoral caregivers. Desktop research was utilized to supplement field research. Moyo’s 2015 pastoral care theology formed the principal underpinning theoretical framework complemented by Martin Luther’s neighborliness care and the indigenous Karanga social philosophy of ukama (related and interrelatedness) propounded by Hungwe and Ndofirepi (2021). Two major findings that emerged were: first, the COVID-19 lockdown restrictions killed the tried and tested physical gathering coping mechanisms of the church. Second, although it posed several social challenges, COVID-19 lockdown restrictions provided opportunities for the church to learn new ways of doing traditional things differently (Moyo, 2016). Recommendations are that the church should embrace technology and invest in the media ministry for effective pastoral care during lockdowns.
Rural school learners’ experiences of social media bullying: a narrative inquiry.
(2024) Myeni, Sphelele Ncebo.; Hlalele, Dipane Joseph.
The purpose of this study was to explore rural school learners’ experiences of social media bullying which is a worldwide problem presenting a variety of negative experiences to learners, including those in rural areas. Therefore, this requires rural school learners to be proactive, cautious, and vigilant to combat bullying on social media platforms may affect their physical, emotional, and psychological wellbeing. Since the experiences of rural school learners concerning bullying on social media platforms remains under-researched, this narrative inquiry contributes to bridging this gap by dissecting the narratives of rural learners to emerge with incisive insight and strategies to mitigate social media bullying. Bronfenbrenner ecological theoretical framework underpinned this study which adopted a qualitative interpretivist paradigm which was found suitable for exploring rural school learners’ experiences of social media bullying and its effects. This qualitative narrative inquiry research design elicited data by conducting narrative interviews involving five rural school learners from the same school who were purposefully sampled. Thematic analysis was then applied to dissect the collected data. Six themes emerged from this analysis. The findings suggested that Facebook and WhatsApp platforms were mainly utilised by rural school learners to bully each other because of jealousy, boredom, and lack of knowledge which impaired victims physically, emotionally, and psychologically. Recommendations emanating from the findings were aligned to the training of learners on how to deal social media bullying, how to prevent being vulnerable to social media bullying, and learners can educate and assist one another to annihilate this scourge. Also, school officials should invite and collaborate with parents and teachers, the Department of Education that can appoint psychologists, psychiatrists, or counsellors, and the school community in the vicinity of the rural school, in addition to structuring school and national education policies that address social media bullying.
South Africa's deadly politics: investigating the causes and consequences of political assassinations in the Kwa-Zulu Natal Province (1978-2019)
(2023) Mathenjwa, Gcinakahle Mpendulo.; Phungula, Noluthando Prudence.
The Kwa-Zulu Natal province is at the centre of attention regarding the prevalence of political assassinations. The province is termed as a killing field, where political assassinations are used as a method of political contestation. The assassination of politically active individuals in KZN is not a new phenomenon. Anti-Apartheid activists, local civilians, political party members, followers, and public office occupants have been victims of this violent event in remote times. Political assassinations have been an issue of concern in KZN for over four decades. Political assassinations in KZN are intertwined with other forms of provincial concerns, such as the assassination of local chiefs and violence in the taxi industry. This research project investigated the extent in which an assassination can be considered to be political and may be a form of political violence. The study also investigated the causes and consequences of political assassinations in the KZN province. The study searched for the reasons behind political assassinations in KZN in order to understand why such killings are mostly prevalent in this province. The research views political assassinations as a type of political violence. Given the fact that the KZN province is prone to such violence, the study then investigated how such assassinations affect government functioning and the social wellbeing in KZN. The study gathered qualitative data in an effort to address the research question on the reasons for and effects of such assassinations. The research was carried out as a desktop study, using existing publications to collect and analyse data. The study was informed by realism and the conflict theory, to understand the foundation on the regular occurrence of political assassinations in the province. The two theories explain the society and how it becomes violent, and how such violence shapes and affects society.
The ontology of diversity and open borders phenomenon in the Southern African development community region: an ethico-political enquiry = Inhlalakahle yokwehluka kanye nesimo sokuvuleleka kwamabhoda emiphakathini ethuthukayo eNingizimu ne-Afrikha : Ukuhlola ngokuziphatha ngezombangazwe.
(2023) Makusha, Hupenya.; Okyere-Manu, Beatrice Dedaa.
In the present era, migration has gained significant attention in international discussions, and there is ongoing discourse over the unrestricted movement of products and individuals. Significant discourse surrounds the African Union’s (AU) pursuit of continental integration, particularly in facilitating the unrestricted flow of goods throughout the continent. Regional integration is a topic of discussion at the Southern African Development Community (SADC) level. It involves the removal of barriers for inhabitants of member nations, particularly in the context of economic integration. However, as alluded to, the emphasis is placed more on the movement of goods rather than the movement of people. Why there exists a greater degree of restriction on the mobility of people compared to the mobility of goods is a topic grappled with. Furthermore, it is imperative to analyze the African continent’s diverse population to determine how much it influences the facilitation or restriction of the free movement of people within the continent, particularly within the SADC region. This study presents an ethical and political examination of the ontology of Diversity and the phenomenon of open borders in the SADC region. The SADC region is widely recognized for its rich cultural legacy and complex social structure, making it an intriguing context for examining the complexities of Diversity and the notion of open borders. The study intends to further our understanding of the intricate interplay between Diversity, open borders, and their ethical and political ramifications. The study's key objective is to critically assess the extent to which migration patterns, political ideologies, and the ontology of cultural Diversity influence the open borders phenomenon in the SADC region. To achieve this objective, three sub-objectives are put forward. First, to critically examine the nature of the SADC region’s population; second, to critically explore what the open borders phenomenon is; and third, to critically interrogate the ontology of Diversity in the open borders phenomenon from the perspective of the ideals of Moderate Communitarianism, African Socialism (Ujamaa), and Consequentialism. The research thus critically analyzes the ethical and political dimensions of open borders and Diversity. It explores the analysis of the rights and responsibilities of individuals and nations and the impact of unrestricted borders on social cohesion, human rights, and regional governance. The methodology utilized in this study is qualitative and involves a comprehensive literature review. The study provides valuable insights into the complex dynamics of Diversity and open borders through a comprehensive approach. This initiative aims to provide policymakers, international organizations, and civil society stakeholders with a thorough understanding of the ethical and political considerations of managing Diversity and open borders in the SADC region. The research possesses significance due to its potential to make valuable contributions to scholarly discourse and offer insights that can inform the formulation of policies. It aims to deepen our understanding of the conceptual framework of Diversity and the phenomenon of open borders to foster regional integration, social cohesion, and sustainable development within the region. Its findings will assist in developing comprehensive and effective policies that address the intricacies and benefits of Diversity and open borders. Therefore, these policies will promote a cohesive and successful SADC region. This scholarly inquiry delves into the ethical and political dimensions of Diversity and the notion of open borders, shedding light on their interconnectedness and the resulting ethical and political implications within the SADC region. It aims to stimulate critical discussion, deepen comprehension, and provide insightful viewpoints on advancing a more inclusive, integrated, and ethically grounded SADC community through a comprehensive analysis of these complex issues. Iqoqa. Ukufuduka kwabantu sekungenye yezinto eziqashiwe ezingxoxweni zomhlaba. Kamuva nje, kunemiqakuliso ngokuvuleleka kwemingcele nokungena kwezimpahla nabantu kalula emazweni. Inhlangano yezwekazi i-Afrikha (AU) nemizamo yayo yokuhlanganisa leli zwekazi, ikakhulu imizamo yoku khululeka kokuhwebelana kwamazwe akulelizwekazi, yisihloko esibalulkile. Esigabeni seSouthern African Development Community -SADC), lolu bumbano luseqhulwini, kumbandakanya ukususwa kwezihibe ezivimba abantu abadabuka kuleli zwekazi, nokuhlanganiswa kweminotho. Kepha okugqamile ukuhwebelana kwezimpahla kunokufuduka kwabantu. Lokhu kuvusa imibuzo ngokungabi bikho ukubaluleka kwengxoxo ethinta ukufuduka kwabantu uma kuqhathaniswa nokwezimpahla. Lolu cwaningo luhlola izenzeko ngokwehluka kwenhlalo yobuhlanga nezombusazwe njengoba kunokuvuleleka kwemingcele eSADC. Isifunda seSADC saziwa kakhulu ngokunotha kwezamasiko nobunkimbinkimbi ohlakeni lwezenhlalo, okwenza kungabi lula ukucwaninga lobunkimbinkimbi bokwehluka kwayo kanye nokuvuleleka kwamabhoda kwaso. Ucwaningo luhlolse ukuthuthukisa ukuqonda lokhu kwehlukahluka, ukuvuleleka kwemingcele nokuthi lokhu kunamiphi imiphumela ebuhlangeni nakwezombusazwe. Inhlosongqangi yalolu cwaningo ukubheka kabanzi imikhuba yokufuduka, izinjulalwazi zezo mbangazwe kanye nenhlalo ngokwehluka kwamasiko nomthelela wokuvuleleka kwemingcele esifundeni seSADC. Ukufeza lenhlosongqangi, kuhlelwe izinhlosongangi ezintathu ngaphansi kwenhlosongqangi enkulu: Okokuqala, ukuhlola umsuka womphakathi wesifunda seSADC ngokubanzi, okwesibili ukuhlola ikhonsepthi yokuvuleleka kwemingcele okwesithathu; ukuhlola inhlalo yokwehluka kokuvuleka kwemingcele ngeso leModerate Communitarianism, i-African Socialism (Ujamaa), kanye ne Consequentialism. Ucwaningo lusebenzise indlela yekhwalithethivu, kanye nokubuyekezwa kwemibhalo okunzulu. Ngokusebenzisa lendlela, ucwaningo luthole imibono enzulu nebalulekile enkimbinkimbeni yokwehluka kanye nokuvuleleka kwemingcele. Inhloso ukusiza abaqambi zinqubomgomo, izinhlangano zomhlaba kanye nezinhlaka zomphakathi ukuqonda ubuhlanga kanye nezombusazwe ezihambisana nokwehluka nokuvuleleka kwemingcele esifundeni seSADC. Lolu cwaningo lubalulekile njengoba lungase lunikele ngemibono enzulu kumqakuliso wezemfundo nakubabumbi bezinqubomgomo. Ngokujulisa ukuqonda uhlelo lohlaka lokwehluka kokuvuleleka kwemingcele, ucwaningo luhlose ukukhuthaza ukuhlangana kwezifunda, ezenhlakahle, kanye nentuthuko yesifunda seSADC. Imiphumela izosiza ukuthuthukisa iznqubomgomo ezibalulekile neziwusizo ukuxazulula ubunkimbinkimbi nokungahlonyulwa ngokwekhuka kanye nokuvuleleka kwemingcele, ngenhloso yokukhuthaza ukwehluka kanye nokuvuleleka kwemingcele esifundeni seSADC.

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