Browsing by Author "Tolla, Aden Dejene."

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Assessing the extent of child trafficking and national reponse to Southern Gondar, Ethiopia.
(2017) Tolla, Aden Dejene.; Singh, Shanta Balgobind.
Human beings were bought and sold like materials for merchants as an exchange by warriors and kings in the early nineteenth century. Unfortunately, this horrible trade has continued in a more terrible manner called human trafficking or modern-day slavery. The issue of human trafficking is a huge concern for most nations. In Ethiopia, trafficking in person has been a common practice - affecting individuals and communities irrespective of age, gender and ethnicity. Child trafficking in Ethiopia is one of their main social problems. This research aims to explore the extent of child trafficking in Este Worda and Debre Tabor Worda, and to investigate the possible community associated factors which cause child trafficking. The national response to fight and control the problem in Ethiopia was also further investigated in this study. The General Strain Theory and Karl Marx Conflict Theory that had been chosen to further explain of the research questions and objectives. This study applies quantitative research method, descriptive and explorative designs is used to address the research questions and documentary data review reports from governmental and non-governmental experiences of strategies, policies and findings from existing documents. A total of 636 household participants were selected by systematic random sampling technique in order to fulfil the quantitative survey. Analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 statistical software packages. The data was analysed by logistic regression, bivariate analysis of factors association, multivariate analysis and Cross tabulation of factors associated with child trafficking were thus investigated. The study interpreted the quantitative findings to provide a comprehensive understanding of the extent and prevalence, associated factors, and response to child trafficking in Ethiopia. ix According to the research result in the study area, 128 children had been trafficked in to different places. The extent of child trafficking is about (20 percent) in East Este Woreda in 2016. The result of this study is on based on bivariate and multivariate significant outcomes using SPSS to determine the four independent variables (socio-demographic factors, socio-economic factors, information and communication factors and socio-cultural factors) are possible community associated factors which contributed to child trafficking in the society. The Socio-demographic factors (education, age, marital status and geographical exposure) were found be the factors for a child to be trafficked. Socio-economic factors (poverty, parent disintegration, children expectation and parents’ expectation, luck of structured facilities, influence of returns, demand and hotel owners and broker’s effect) were found to be influential factors for child trafficking as well. There were socio- cultural factors (culture e.g. early marriage, parent poor child care skill, gender violence, domestic violence and seasonal factor) which influenced child trafficking in East Este and Debre Tabor Woreda. Information and communication factors (globalisation, factual awareness about trafficking, less awareness of child rights and access to communication) have been found the main contributed factors for trafficking from this research study. The research also shows that child labour issues are common in Ethiopia. The majority of Ethiopian children who participated in such activities, work as part of the livelihoods of their families. Regarding family duties and responsibility, children usually daughters are more responsible for supporting their parents, this result to scarify themselves by engaging in various social practices like servitude and other works in town and inspire in early marriage to endure the problem. Victim’s relatives, friends, associates and family play a significant role in internal child trafficking in Ethiopia. The response of Ethiopian government to child trafficking is positive but it is very limited and cannot combat the problem. However, Ethiopian government has developed and endorsed regulatory and legal frame works and put various measures in place to a fight, control, prevent and address the problem of child trafficking. Due to the condition, implementation problem, poor governance, no direct support for the victims, shortage of skilled police to examine child trafficking, official corruption, low prosecution of traffickers and limited child trafficking policies are those factors for un success out come and low progress to deal with the problem. Despite the legal provision which take the first line render proper justice on brokers and facilitators of child trafficking in Ethiopia, and the child trafficking policies and legislations have proved to be not strong enough to prevent and protect, obviously there is problem with implementation and direct assistance with victims.
Educators experiences on the prevalence of drugs and intervention programs within schools in the Phoenix area.
(2017) George, Krinesha.; Singh, Shanta Balgobind.; Tolla, Aden Dejene.
The issue of drugs is extremely sensitive and prevalent regarding children abusing these substances. Drug use is a phenomenon that is across South Africa, polluting our schools and killing our future generations. There are strategies and infrastructure provided by government authorities. However, there is a lack of intervention and prevention carried out by the stakeholders of the South African school learner. Studies focus on statistics and ignore the actual impact of the use of drugs by school learners. The statistics of the minority of learners easily influence or distract the majority of learners; this study reveals the effect of the use of drugs in a school environment and expose the lack of intervention by stakeholders. The first objective of this study is to establish the prevalence of drugs in two schools in the Phoenix area, which is, situated North of KwaZulu-Natal. These schools will be referred to as School A and School B. The study explores educator’s experiences regarding drug related offences and crimes, ascertain educator’s views on factors that contribute to drug related crimes in School A and School B, lastly this study ascertains if there are any intervention strategies practiced in School A and School B. The purpose behind educator’s as the participants and key informants of this dissertation, is that educators have the most valuable knowledge about learners in schools, they are aware of changes which occur in learner’s behaviour, the background of learners and the status of learners. The theoretical framework of this study employed sociological theories such as the Anomie Theory, Social control and self-control theory, social learning and subcultural theory and the theory of selective interaction. The determination behind the use of these theories is due to the diverse backgrounds, which school learners originate from in the Phoenix Area. The researcher employed a qualitative methodology, as this method of research focuses more on the actual issue and allows the researcher to explore and gain insight rather than the significance of statistics. The outcome of this study demonstrated that drugs do exist in School A and School B. The result of the study was shocking, as participants claimed to be aware of parents whom allow learners to sell drugs, consume drugs and work for drug lords. Educator’s experiences include incidents of possession of drugs to issues whereby learners sell homemade drugs and alcohol. The factors of drugs use by learner’s stem from sociological problems, and are further explained by the nominated theories. Although the Department of Education has employed methods of intervention, this research has found that the bare minimum has been done to implement these programs and save learners from the vulnerability of drugs in this population. Educators claim that, stakeholders of this community have not done enough. This dissertation has successfully achieved all objectives, by demonstrating that educators do experience issues of drug use in school, educators are aware of drug crimes which learners conduct in school and that there is a lack of implementation by stakeholders of the school learning environment. Educators were also able to identify the lack of social control, poverty and peer-pressure as contributing factors to drug use by school learners.