Aspects of the influence of temperature on the desiccation responses of seeds of Zizania palustris (Wild rice)

Abstract

Seeds of wild rice (Zizania palustris var. interior) have been reported to show highest survival when dehydrated at 25 QC. It has also been reported that axis cells sustained least damage at this drying temperature. In the present study, a linear relationship between drying rate and dehydration temperature was established. Whereas highest positive tetrazolium staining and lowest leakage were recorded for seeds that were dehydrated at 25 QC, maximum germination was recorded for seeds dried at 20 QC. A proportion of seeds showed the presence of glasses, irrespective of the dehydration temperatures used. Parameters of the glass to liquid transition, however, correlated with neither water content nor sugar profiles. The ratio of raffinose to sucrose was similar among all the treatments. A hydroperoxide test revealed a linear relationship between peroxide levels and temperature of drying although the levels of fatty acids were not correlated with hydroperoxide levels. Butanal levels and total aldehydes evolved, on the other hand, showed a high negative correlation with peroxide levels. Electron microscopy showed that the variability and relative abundance of peripheral membrane complexes (PMCs) was the highest for cells of embryonic axes dehydrated at 25 QC and the lowest for embryonic axes of seeds dried at 10 QC. Furthermore, intramembrane particles (IMPs) were evenly distributed in cells of axes dried at 25 or 37 QC. In contrast, membranes of cells of axes dehydrated at 10 QC showed large IMP-free areas. The relative abundance of IMPs was the highest for cells of embryonic axes dried at 25 QC, and the lowest for cells of axes dehydrated at 10 QC. From these observations, it is suggested that membrane phase transition, with the concomitant elimination of proteins, accompanies dehydration of Z. paluslris seeds at 10 QC, whereas at 37 QC peroxidation may predominate.