Exploring the effects of COVID-19 on the practice of Ukuhlolwa Kwezintombi, focusing on the perspective of young women of Impendle.

Abstract

This qualitative study explores the impact of COVID-19 on the practice of ukuhlolwa kwezintombi (virginity testing) among young women aged 13 to 19 in Impendle, KwaZulu-Natal. Given the inclusion of minors, the study adhered to strict ethical protocols, including parental or guardian consent, participant assent, confidentiality, and the right to withdraw without consequence. The study was grounded in three theoretical frameworks, namely: Social Identity Theory, Cultural Determinism, and Social Constructivism. These theories provided a comprehensive lens through which to analyse the interplay between cultural identity, societal influences, and individual experiences. A total of 28 participants including 12 maidens, 12 family members, and 4 inspectors were selected using purposive and snowball sampling to ensure diverse and contextually relevant perspectives. Data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews, allowing for an in-depth exploration of participants’ views. Thematic analysis was employed to identify key patterns and emergent themes. The findings indicate that COVID-19 significantly disrupted ukuhlolwa kwezintombi, not only halting its regular practice but also sparking debates regarding its relevance, associated health risks, and evolving role in contemporary society. While some young women perceived the absence of virginity testing during lockdowns as a form of liberation, others expressed a profound sense of cultural displacement and diminished social belonging. Furthermore, the study underscores the need for culturally sensitive health policies and inclusive dialogues that balance the preservation of tradition with the protection of young women’s rights. By contributing to broader discussions on the intersection of cultural practices, public health, and individual autonomy, this research provides valuable insights into the evolving dynamics of cultural identity in the post-pandemic era.