Adoption of linked data among the university libraries in Uganda.

Abstract

Globally, libraries have experienced numerous innovation cycles due to technological developments and among these cycles is Linked Data. Linked Data is a set of practices used to represent and connect structured data on the Web. It requires that data is published on the Web in a readable, interpretable, and useable format by computers. This study aimed to explore the adoption of Linked Data among selected university libraries in Uganda. The objectives of the study were to: determine the level of awareness of Linked Data among professional librarians; establish the extent of Linked Data adoption; determine the potential benefits of adopting Linked Data; investigate the factors that influence the professional librarians’ behaviour towards the adoption of Linked Data; and investigate the strategies to promote the use and adoption of Linked Data. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) and the Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) theory were adopted for the study. The study used a pragmatism paradigm. Mixed methods were employed to collect quantitative and qualitative data for the study. Fourteen university libraries were purposively selected and a target population of 187 participants from these selected university libraries was identified. A link to the online questionnaire was sent to the professional librarians and heads of library technical services and telephonic interviews conducted with the University librarians and heads of IT. Of these respondents, 160 responded, giving a response rate of 85.6%. The SPSS software was used to analyse quantitative data while qualitative data was analysed using thematic content analysis. The results showed that 70.3% of the professional librarians were aware of the Linked Data concept; 82.8% were aware of the university library’s need to use the Web of Data to enable access and sharing of data with users without barriers. The results further showed that 91.8% of the respondents prefer to first experience with how Linked Data works before adopting and implementing it; 93.4% of the respondents expressed willingness to learn about Linked Data technologies to improve data sharing and reuse in their institutional libraries. The results of the study further showed that over 90% of the respondents agreed that Linked Data shall reduce unnecessary duplication; and improve users’ overall search experiences; increased richness in overall data; increase the exposure of institutional repository collection to web search engines; benefit research, discovery, and enrich discovery and create a model other universities can use. The results also showed that over 70% of the respondents indicated that top management buy-in and support, prior knowledge of using Linked Data will influence the behaviour of professional librarians towards the adoption of Linked Data in university libraries, and; over 90% of the respondents agreed that benchmarking with other institutional libraries and support from the IT staff will influence the adoption of Linked Data. While 97.5% of the respondents proposed the need to encourage staff to keep themselves up-to-date and explore the potential of Linked Data technologies in libraries with a few indicated the need to include research assignments in some of the employees’ workload for them to conduct research during the exploratory stages of innovation adoption. The study, therefore, recommends that university libraries lobby for budget allocations or seek grants to facilitate the acquisition of infrastructure required for the adoption and implementation of Linked Data. Other recommendations include the training of professional librarians by professional associations with expertise in Linked Data technologies ; the development of courses on Linked Data by the various library and information training institutions; the establishment of a library technical team that will ensure data sharing and its reuse; the development of a legal framework that will mandate university libraries to share and link their data; collaboration with other university libraries through the Consortium of Uganda University Libraries (CUUL); the establishment a central data repository; and collaboration and the establishment of partnerships with other communities and organisations both in and out of the library and information field. The originality and contribution of the study is derived from the methodology, theory, practice, and policy. The study explored the adoption of Linked Data and is the first to be carried out in multiple universities in Uganda.