Using spatial design as a tool for crime prevention in low income communities: a case study of Cato Manor in Durban, South Africa.

Abstract

The aim of the study was to explore the possibility of using spatial design concepts to address crime in low income communities. A case study of Cato Manor in EThekwini (Greater Durban) was selected as it was a perfect reflection of the crime problem faced by low income communities. A case study approach was used to better understand why low income areas are associated with high crime rates and then use the first-hand information of the community members to try formulate a spatial design concept that can be efficient and affordable in controlling crime in the area and similar communities. The study was mainly guided by the Defensible Space theory and principles of the Smart Growth concept. There were three major data collection methods that were used which were structured questions, drawings and focus group discussions for an in-depth understanding of the problem. Moreover, the researcher also did straight observation to try to see the interaction of the people and the nature of the environment. Together the researcher and the participants analysed the problem then triangulated a plan that can potentially address this problem. Ultimately a spatial design that was seen to be potentially most efficient was drawn and refined. The captured data was analysed and interpreted thematically across the data sets approach, addressing all the research questions. The findings were that design is not effective if there is no human effort towards trying to maintain and protect their spaces, however some members felt that participating in the community would expose them to criminals and they will be targeted by the offenders for trying to fight crime. Therefore, this left room for further research on how to encourage participation and nurture a sense of community in a crime sensitive community. The study recommendations would be that all stakeholders get involved in the development and maintenance of the area which means the community must be involved in all stages of development so they can develop a sense of ownership. Secondly the government needs to play an active role in facilitating and funding the project towards maximising the opportunities of the community. Lastly the community needs to take an initiative to form community forums that will deal with monitoring and controlling crime in the area.