Feral cats (Felis catus) in an urban conservancy : University of KwaZulu- Natal, Howard College campus.
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Date
2005
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Abstract
The resident feral cat (Felis catus) population on the University of KwaZulu-Natal
(UKZN), Howard College campus (HCC) in Durban, South Africa was studied from
March 2004 to November 2005. This study was initiated as the HCC is an registered
as an urban conservancy and so should be removing alien invasive flora and fauna and
conserving the indigenous biodiversity of the campus. This research was undertaken
to assist with recommendations for the control and management of feral cats on the
HCe. A survey to determine public perceptions and opinions regarding the feral cats
was conducted among various communities on the campus. Feral cats from the
resident population on the HCC were trapped and fitted with radio-collars in order
that their home range sizes and distribution could be determined. Monthly census
counts were also carried out in an attempt to calculate population densities of the feral
cats on campus, while data on behaviour patterns was collected opportunistically
throughout the study period.
The survey showed that two extreme views existed on campus regarding the
presence of feral cats. The university is a registered conservancy which some feel is
no place for this exotic species. However, it is also situated within an urban
surrounding and there are some cat enthusiasts among the public who feel that
resources should be provided for the feral cats, both nutritionally and financially.
While many people were unaware that the feral cats were a cause for concern on the
HCC, the majority concluded that a management policy needed to be adopted to
control feral cat numbers. Most were against the suggestion of eradicating the cats
and strongly agreed with the implementation of a university funded feral cat
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sterilising and feeding programme. Feeding the feral cats, however, needs to be
stringently controlled.
In this study, the availability of an abundance of food resources was shown to be
the primary influencing factor for home range size, cat distribution and population
densities. It also had an overriding effect on the feral cats' behaviour patterns and
activity levels. Once these had been initially established, other factors such as human
activity, reproductive status and gender then came into play. Distribution of the feral
cats around campus was not homogenous, and densities differed according to areas on
campus. Highest cat densities were recorded in those areas on the HCC where
permanent cat feeding stations had been established (usually the developed areas on
campus), while no feral cats were sighted in the Msinsi Nature Reserve, a natural bush
area on campus were no food resources (other than prey species) is available. Home
range sizes of the feral cats were relatively small with a considerable amount of
overlap between and within the sexes. There were also no seasonal differences in
range sizes and diurnal ranges were only marginally smaller than nocturnal range
sIzes.
In terms of behaviour, the HCC feral cats were generally inactive, with passive
behaviour such as lying down and sitting being most often observed. Although
hunting activity was very rarely witnessed, the combined effects of feral cats
supported at high densities by supplemental feeding may exert predation pressures
that could be detrimental to both local prey and predator populations. Little social
interactions were observed by the cats on the HCC. Other studies show that
competition is greatly reduced if food is available in abundance and there is no need
for territorial disputes if both food and a potential mate are located in close proximity.
In the present study, this also means that immigrating feral cats from surrounding
neighbourhoods are tolerated; another factor contributing to the increase in feral cat
numbers on the campus.
These findings suggest that the feral cat population on the HCC is being
maintained at higher population densities than would be expected and management
initiatives are needed to control the feral cat population at a minimum density through
a sterilising and low key feeding programme so that it is acceptable to all concerned
parties. However, the decisions need to favour the status of the HCC as a
conservancy in an urban area as well as consider the well-being of the students and
staffmembers in a public place.
Description
Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2005.
Keywords
Feral cats., University of KwaZulu-Natal (Howard College campus), Feral cats--KwaZulu-Natal--Durban., Conservancies--KwaZulu-Natal--Durban., Urban ecology (Biology)--KwaZulu-Natal--Durban., Feral cats--Behaviour., Feral cats--Control., Feral cats--Food., Feral cats--Feeding and feeds., Feral cats--Reproduction--Regulation., Feral cats--Control--Environmental aspects., Wildlife management., Feral cats--Public opinion., Theses--Zoology.