• Login
    View Item 
    •   ResearchSpace Home
    • College of Health Sciences
    • School of Nursing & Public Health
    • Public Health
    • Masters Degrees (Public Health)
    • View Item
    •   ResearchSpace Home
    • College of Health Sciences
    • School of Nursing & Public Health
    • Public Health
    • Masters Degrees (Public Health)
    • View Item
    JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it.

    Prevalence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis and the associated risk factors at a tuberculosis outpatient facility in Durban, South Africa.

    Thumbnail
    View/Open
    Thesis. (504.2Kb)
    Date
    2011
    Author
    Gajee, Renu.
    Metadata
    Show full item record
    Abstract
    Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) is a major cause of death worldwide. Control of Tuberculosis is a serious challenge to global health. A new and potentially devastating threat to TB control is the emergence of multi-drug resistant TB (MDR-TB). South Africa was ranked fourth among the countries with the highest number of confirmed MDR-TB cases. Aim The aim was to investigate the annual MDR-TB prevalence and associated risk factors for MDR-TB from 2001 to 2007 at the Prince Cyril Zulu Communicable Disease Centre. To investigate previous TB treatment duration, previous TB treatment outcome, and duration of previous TB treatment interruption in a subgroup of patients who were previously treated for TB. To determine the average length of time from diagnosis of TB to diagnosis of MDR-TB and commencement of MDR-TB treatment. Methods An observational analytic nested case-control study design was used. All patients who were diagnosed with pulmonary TB and who had a sputum culture performed between 2001 and 2007 were included in the study. The cases were all MDR-TB cases diagnosed on sputum culture between 2001 and 2007. The controls were drug susceptible TB cases which had a sputum culture done at diagnosis, and were diagnosed in the same month as the MDR-TB case Results There were 10 205 sputum cultures performed from 2001 to 2007. MDR-TB was found in 445 patients. An increase in the prevalence of MDR-TB occurred in 2007, due to a significant increase in prevalence among new TB cases. The MDR-TB prevalence was 11.7% among new TB cases and 4.7% among previously treated TB cases in 2007. There was no significant association between demographic characteristics and MDR-TB. Previous TB treatment failure and a duration of previous TB treatment of greater than 32 weeks was found to be significantly associated with MDR-TB. The median time from TB diagnosis to MDR-TB diagnosis was 98 day and from MDR-TB diagnosis to MDR-TB treatment 10 days. Discussion Delays in the diagnosis of MDR-TB, long waiting times before MDR-TB treatment commencement and lack of isolation have contributed to the spread of primary MDR-TB and was most likely responsible for the increase in prevalence of MDR-TB among new TB cases. Recommendations It was suggested that a sputum specimen should be obtained for culture and sensitivity from all new TB patients in areas which have an MDR-TB prevalence of greater than 3% among new TB patients. Ensure patient education on basic infection control measures. Improve MDR-TB diagnosis and reduce waiting times for MDR-TB treatment.
    URI
    http://hdl.handle.net/10413/11059
    Collections
    • Masters Degrees (Public Health) [123]

    Related items

    Showing items related by title, author, creator and subject.

    • The impact of HIV infection when superimposed on pulmonary tuberculosis (either active or sequelae tuberculosis) on the success of bronchial artery embolisation. 

      Govind, Mayuri. (2011)
      ABSTRACT Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) rates in Kwa Zulu Natal (KZN) is amongst the highest in the South Africa and is often associated with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) co-infection. Bronchial Artery Embolisation ...
    • Unusual presentation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis: a case report on mammary tuberculosis. 

      Khan, Munira.; Naidoo, Kogieleum. (South African Medical Association., 2011-06)
      This case study highlights an unusual manifestation of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in a person living with HIV, namely mammary TB. Clinicians practising in settings where HIV and TB are endemic need to be aware ...
    • Drug susceptibility testing of second and third line anti-tuberculosis drugs used in the management of extensively drug resistant tuberculosis. 

      Moodley, Salona. (2013)
      Drug resistant tuberculosis is a major contributor to South Africa’s quadruple burden of disease. Management of this infection in a highly HIV endemic area is a constant challenge. There is a paucity of new anti-tuberculosis ...

    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2013  Duraspace
    Contact Us | Send Feedback
    Theme by 
    @mire NV
     

     

    Browse

    All of ResearchSpaceCommunities & CollectionsBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesSubjectsAdvisorsTypeThis CollectionBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesSubjectsAdvisorsType

    My Account

    LoginRegister

    DSpace software copyright © 2002-2013  Duraspace
    Contact Us | Send Feedback
    Theme by 
    @mire NV