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Browsing by Author "Valley-Omar, Ziyaad."

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    CAPRISA 004 tenofovir microbicide trial: no impact of tenofovir gel on the HIV transmission bottleneck.
    (Oxford University Press., 2011) Valley-Omar, Ziyaad.; Sibeko, Sengeziwe.; Anderson, Jeffrey A.; Goodier, Sarah A.; Werner, Lise.; Arney, Leslie.; Naranbhai, Vivek.; Treurnicht, Florette K.; Abrahams, Melissa-Rose.; Bandawe, Gama P.; Swanstrom, Ronald.; Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Williamson, Carolyn.
    Alterations of the genital mucosal barrier may influence the number of viruses transmitted from a human immunodeficiency virus–infected source host to the newly infected individual. We used heteroduplex tracking assay and single-genome sequencing to investigate the effect of a tenofovir-based microbicide gel on the transmission bottleneck in women who seroconverted during the CAPRISA 004 microbicide trial. Seventy-seven percent (17 of 22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 56%–90%) of women in the tenofovir gel arm were infected with a single virus compared with 92% (13 of 14; 95% CI, 67%–>99%) in the placebo arm (P = .37). Tenofovir gel had no discernable impact on the transmission bottleneck.