Browsing by Author "Maroa, Samwel Semakula."
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Item The effects of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the performance of diesel engine.(2018) Maroa, Samwel Semakula.; Inambao, Freddie Liswaniso.The aim of this work was to study the effects of EGR on the performance of a diesel engine using waste plastic pyrolysis oil (WPPO) and conventional diesel (CD). WPPO was developed through the pyrolysis extraction method. The blends were made up of WPPO and conventional diesel mixed in the ratios of WPPO10, WPPO20, WPPO30, WPPO40 and WPPO100. The EGR % flow rate chosen was 0 % to 30 % graduated in intervals of 5 %. The lower blend ratios of WPPO10 and WPPO20 showed lower values of brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) compared to conventional diesel values and the high blend ratio of WPPO100. The brake thermal energy (BTE) showed increased values for lower blend ratios of WPPO10 and WPPO20 of 8.35 % and 8.15 % respectively with application of an EGR % flow rate of 15 % compared to high blend ratios of WPPO30, WPPO40 and WPPO100. The application of EGR % flow rate was observed to cause no significant change in the engine brake power (BP) for all the test fuels used. The application of EGR % flow rate in increasing rates reduced exhaust gas temperature (EGT), with conventional diesel reporting 440 ⁰C at 5 % EGR flow rate and 340 ⁰C being the lowest at 30 % EGR flow rate. The application of EGR % flow rate reduced the amount of hydrocarbon emissions emitted by the applied test fuels across the board. At EGR flows rate of 5 %, 10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 % and 30 %, conventional diesel had 43 ppm, 57 ppm, 70 ppm, 82 ppm and 85 ppm respectively. As the blend ratio increased with increased EGR % flow rate there was an increased rate of NOX emissions. At 20 % EGR flow rate, blends WPPO10, WPPO2O, WPPO30, WPPO40 and WPPO100 had 591ppm, 645 ppm, 750 ppm, 778 ppm and 851 ppm respectively compared to at the 10 % EGR flow rate where their values were 830 ppm, 971 ppm, 1031 ppm, 1151 ppm and 1116 ppm respectively. There was a significant continuous and marginal increase in the percentage of carbon emissions by volume as the load increased across all the test fuels irrespective of the EGR % flow rate. At 80 % engine load the value for WPPOB100 was 2.0 % up from 1.65 % by volume at part engine load, while the value of conventional diesel was 4.1 % at 80 % engine load compared to 2.95 % by volume at part engine load. The application of EGR % flow rate increased the carbon dioxide emission exponentially by almost doubling the values. At 10 % EGR flow rate the value of conventional diesel was 3.85 % compared to WPPOB100 at 6.25 %, WPPOB10 at 4.75 %, WPPOB20 at 4.25 %, WPPOB30 at 3.95 %, and WPPOB40 at 6.65 %.Item Effects of pyrolyzed municipal solid waste feedstocks as energy sources for non-road diesel engine, combustion, performance and emissions characteristics using biodiesel blended ratios.(2021) Maroa, Samwel Semakula.; Inambao, Freddie Liswaniso.Biodiesel oil blending is not a new concept in the study of biofuels and production. Blending is a chemical process of two or more different feedstocks comingled in varying proportions in the production of a new oil or fuel blend possessing different physico-chemical properties. Since fuel properties and the physico-chemical configuration of each feedstock vary from source to source, blending improves and enhances these properties. Therefore, the combination of different feedstocks enhances and improves properties of the initial parent feedstock, by adapting to improved and high-quality attributes. Worldwide, the sources of biodiesel production has been centred on edible and non-edible plants such as sunflower, canola, soybean, moringa, Jatropha, and so on. However, in the recent past, there has been a renewed shift into biomass and other recycled waste sources for biodiesel production and utilization. Waste to energy is a critical area of research and study in this present work as it intends to fill in these gaps by emphasising the shift to biodiesel production from non-plant-based sources. This shift will increase food security by discouraging the contribution of commercial farming for the production of biodiesel. This work contributes to improving environmental protection by reducing pollution from municipal solid waste found in landfills and other waste management sites. Waste resources such as waste cooking oil, waste engine oil, waste tyre oil and waste plastic oil converted into energy provide many alternatives in reducing wastage. By promoting use of these resources, this study aims at increasing environmental awareness and sustainability by using waste as an energy resource. This focus will open up socio-economic opportunities in recycling besides the academic and research impacts. By employing blending strategies using these waste feedstocks (engine oil, cooking oil, plastic oil and waste tyre oil using pyrolysis thermal processes), the study will improve the initial poor chemical properties which will confer improved engine performance with emissions reduction especially those dealing with sulfur and other contaminants from municipal solid waste streams. The production of pyrolyzed municipal solid waste (MSW) oil will be ex-situ and in-situ (the former means after production while the later means before production of biodiesel). This research work will assist in determining standard procedures and sequencing to obtain working ratios of the blending processes and techniques of biodiesel production.