Browsing by Author "Grosset, Jacques H."

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Evolution of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis over four decades: whole genome sequencing and dating analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from KwaZulu-Natal.
(Public Library of Science., 2015) Cohen, Keira A.; Abeel, Thomas.; McGuire, Abigail Manson.; Desjardins, Christopher A.; Munsamy, Vanisha.; Shea, Terrance P.; Walker, Bruce J.; Bantubani, Nonkqubela.; Almeida, Deepak V.; Alvarado, Lucia.; Chapman, Sinéad B.; Mvelase, Nomonde R.; Duffy, Eamon Y.; Fitzgerald, Michael G.; Govender, Pamla.; Gujja, Sharvari.; Hamilton, Susanna.; Howarth, Clinton.; Larimer, Jeffrey D.; Maharaj, Kashmeel.; Pearson, Matthew D.; Priest, Margaret E.; Zeng, Qiandong.; Padayatchi, Nesri.; Grosset, Jacques H.; Young, Sarah K.; Wortman, Jennifer.; Mlisana, Koleka Patience.; O'Donnell, Max Roe.; Birren, Bruce W.; Bishai, William R.; Pym, Alexander S.; Earl, Ashlee M.
Abstract available in pdf.
Genomic and functional analyses of mycobacterium tuberculosis strains implicate ald in D-cycloserine resistance.
(Nature Publishing Group., 2016) Desjardins, Christopher A.; Cohen, Keira A.; Munsamy, Vanisha.; Abeel, Thomas.; Maharaj, Kashmeel.; Walker, Bruce J.; Shea, Terrance P.; Almeida, Deepak V.; Manson, Abigail L.; Salazar, Alex.; Padayatchi, Nesri.; O’Donnell, Max Roe.; Mlisana, Koleka Patience.; Wortman, Jennifer.; Birren, Bruce W.; Grosset, Jacques H.; Earl, Ashlee M.; Pym, Alexander S.
Abstract available in PDF file.
Substitution of Moxifloxacin for Isoniazid during intensive phase treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis.
(American Thoracic Society., 2009) Dorman, Susan E.; Johnson, John L.; Goldberg, Stefan.; Muzanye, Grace.; Padayatchi, Nesri.; Bozeman, Lorna.; Heilig, Charles M.; Bernardo, John.; Choudhri, Shurjeel.; Grosset, Jacques H.; Guy, Elizabeth.; Guyadeen, Priya.; Leus, Maria Corazon.; Maltas, Gina.; Menzies, Dick.; Nuermberger, Eric L.; Villarino, Margarita.; Vernon, Andrew.; Chaisson, Richard E.
Rationale: Moxifloxacin has potent activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in vitro and in a mouse model of antituberculosis (TB) chemotherapy, but data regarding its activity in humans are limited. Objectives: Our objective was to compare the antimicrobial activity and safety of moxifloxacin versus isoniazid during the first 8 weeks of combination therapy for pulmonary TB. Methods: Adults with sputum smear–positive pulmonary TB were randomly assigned to receive either moxifloxacin 400 mg plus isoniazid placebo, or isoniazid 300 mg plus moxifloxacin placebo, administered 5 days/week for 8 weeks, in addition to rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol. All doses were directly observed. Sputum was collected for culture every 2 weeks. The primary outcome was negative sputum culture at completion of 8 weeks of treatment. Measurements and Main Results: Of 433 participants enrolled, 328 were eligible for the primary efficacy analysis. Of these, 35 (11%) were HIV positive, 248 (76%) had cavitation on baseline chest radiograph, and 213 (65%) were enrolled at African sites. Negative cultures at Week 8 were observed in 90/164 (54.9%) participants in the isoniazid arm, and 99/164 (60.4%) in the moxifloxacin arm (P=0.37). In multivariate analysis, cavitation and enrollment at an African site were associated with lower likelihood of Week-8 culture negativity. The proportion of participants who discontinued assigned treatment was 31/214 (14.5%) for the moxifloxacin group versus 22/205 (10.7%) for the isoniazid group (RR, 1.35; 95% CI, 0.81, 2.25).Conclusions: Substitution of moxifloxacin for isoniazid resulted in a small but statistically nonsignificant increase in Week-8 culture negativity.