Browsing by Author "Celum, Connie Locke."

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Development of methods for cross-sectional HIV incidence estimation in a large, community randomized trial.
(PLOS ONE., 2013) Laeyendecker, Oliver.; Kulich, Michal.; Donnell, Deborah.; Koma´rek, Arnosˇt.; Omelka, Marek.; Mullis, Caroline E.; Szekeres, Greg.; Piwowar-Manning, Estelle.; Fiamma, Agnes.; Gray, Ronald H.; Lutalo, Tom.; Morrison, Charles S.; Salata, Robert A.; Chipato, Tsungai.; Celum, Connie Locke.; Kahle, Erin M.; Taha, Taha E.; Kumwenda, Newton I.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Naranbhai, Vivek.; Lingappa, Jairam R.; Sweat, Michael D.; Coates, Thomas.; Eshleman, Susan H.
Background: Accurate methods of HIV incidence determination are critically needed to monitor the epidemic and determine the population level impact of prevention trials. One such trial, Project Accept, a Phase III, community-randomized trial, evaluated the impact of enhanced, community-based voluntary counseling and testing on population-level HIV incidence. The primary endpoint of the trial was based on a single, cross-sectional, post-intervention HIV incidence assessment. Methods and Findings: Test performance of HIV incidence determination was evaluated for 403 multi-assay algorithms [MAAs] that included the BED capture immunoassay [BED-CEIA] alone, an avidity assay alone, and combinations of these assays at different cutoff values with and without CD4 and viral load testing on samples from seven African cohorts (5,325 samples from 3,436 individuals with known duration of HIV infection [1 month to >10 years]). The mean window period (average time individuals appear positive for a given algorithm) and performance in estimating an incidence estimate (in terms of bias and variance) of these MAAs were evaluated in three simulated epidemic scenarios (stable, emerging and waning). The power of different test methods to detect a 35% reduction in incidence in the matched communities of Project Accept was also assessed. A MAA was identified that included BED-CEIA, the avidity assay, CD4 cell count, and viral load that had a window period of 259 days, accurately estimated HIV incidence in all three epidemic settings and provided sufficient power to detect an intervention effect in Project Accept. Conclusions: In a Southern African setting, HIV incidence estimates and intervention effects can be accurately estimated from cross-sectional surveys using a MAA. The improved accuracy in cross-sectional incidence testing that a MAA provides is a powerful tool for HIV surveillance and program evaluation.
Empowering patients to link to care and treatment: qualitative findings about the role of a home-based HIV counselling, testing and linkage intervention in South Africa.
(Taylor & Francis., 2015) Knight, Lucia C.; Van Rooyen, Rooyen.; Humphries, Hilton Richard.; Barnabas, Ruanne V.; Celum, Connie Locke.
Abstract available in pdf.
Identification and validation of a multi-assay algorithm for cross-sectional HIV incidence estimation in populations with subtype C infection.
(International AIDS Society., 2018) Laeyendecker, Oliver.; Konikoff, Jacob.; Morrison, Douglas E.; Brookmeyer, Ronald.; Wang, Jing.; Celum, Connie Locke.; Morrison, Charles S.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Pettifor, Audrey E.; Eshleman, Susan H.
Abstract available in pdf.
Protocol for a randomised controlled implementation trial of point-of-care viral load testing and task shifting : the Simplifying HIV TREAtment and Monitoring (STREAM) study.
(BMJ., 2017) Dorward, Jienchi.; Garrett, Nigel Joel.; Quame-Amaglo, Justice.; Samsunder, Natasha.; Ngobese, Hope.; Ngomane, Noluthando.; Moodley, Pravikrishnen.; Mlisana, Koleka Patience.; Schaafsma, Torin.; Donnell, Deborah.; Barnabas, Ruanne V.; Naidoo, Kogieleum.; Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.; Celum, Connie Locke.; Drain, Paul K.
Abstract available in pdf.