Browsing by Author "Abdool Karim, Quarraisha."
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Item Ability to develop broadly neutralizing HIV-1 antibodies is not restricted by the germline Ig gene repertoire.(American Association of Immunologists., 2015) Scheepers, Cathrine.; Shrestha, Ram K.; Lambson, Bronwen Elizabeth.; Jackson, Katherine J. L.; Wright, Imogen A.; Naicker, Dshanta Dyanedi.; Goosen, Mark.; Berrie, Leigh.; Ismail, Arshad.; Garrett, Nigel Joel.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.; Moore, Penelope L.; Travers, Simon A.; Morris, Lynn.Abstract available in pdf.Item Acceptability of early antiretroviral therapy among South African women.(Springer., 2018) Garrett, Nigel Joel.; Norman, Emily.; Leask, Kerry.; Naicker, Nivashnee.; Asari, Villeshni.; Majola, Nelisile.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.Abstract available in pdf.Item Achieving the health Millennium Development Goals for South Africa : challenges and priorities.(Elsevier., 2009) Chopra, Mickey.; Lawn, Joy E.; Sanders, David.; Barron, Peter.; Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.; Bradshaw, Debbie.; Jewkes, Rachel.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Flisher, Alan J.; Mayosi, Bongani M.; Tollman, Stephen M.; Churchyard, Gavin J.; Coovadia, Hoosen Mahomed.15 years after liberation from apartheid, South Africans are facing new challenges for which the highest calibre of leadership, vision, and commitment is needed. The effect of the unprecedented HIV/AIDS epidemic has been immense. Substantial increases in mortality and morbidity are threatening to overwhelm the health system and undermine the potential of South Africa to attain the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). However The Lancet’s Series on South Africa has identified several examples of leadership and innovation that point towards a different future scenario. We discuss the type of vision, leadership, and priority actions needed to achieve such a change. We still have time to change the health trajectory of the country, and even meet the MDGs. The South African Government, installed in April, 2009, has the mandate and potential to address the public health emergencies facing the country—will they do so or will another opportunity and many more lives be lost?Item Adherence in the CAPRISA 004 tenofovir gel microbicide trial.(Springer., 2014) Mansoor, Leila Essop.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Yende-Zuma, Fortunate Nonhlanhla.; MacQueen, Kathleen M.; Baxter, Cheryl.; Madlala, Bernadette T.; Grobler, Anneke.; Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.High adherence is key to microbicide effectiveness. Here we provide a description of adherence interventions and the adherence rates achieved in the CAPRISA 004 Tenofovir Gel Trial. Adherence support for the before-and-after dosing strategy (BAT 24) was provided at enrolment and at each monthly study visit. This initially comprised individual counselling and was replaced midway by a structured theory-based adherence support program (ASP) based on motivational interviewing. The 889 women were followed for an average of 18 months and attended a total of 17031 monthly visits. On average women reported 5 sex acts and returned 5.9 empty applicators per month. The adherence rate based on applicator count in relation to all reported sex acts was 72.2% compared to the 82.0% self-reported adherence during the last sex act. Adherence support activities, which achieve levels of adherence similar to or better than those achieved by the CAPRISA 004 ASP, will be critical to the success of future microbicide trials.Item Adolescent girls and young women: key populations for HIV epidemic control.(International AIDS Society., 2015) Dellar, Rachael Claire.; Dlamini, Sarah Alexandra.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.Abstract available in pdf.Item Adolescents and HIV clinical trials: ethics, culture, and context.(Elsevier., 2007) MacQueen, Kathleen M.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.One quarter of HIV infections globally occur among young people 15-24 years of age and more than half of all new infections are to people younger than 25 years. Clearly, there is a need to identify and implement effective HIV prevention strategies among at-risk teens. Some of the most effective options for slowing the epidemic are biomedical and several promising methods are in development, including microbicides, vaccines, and pre-exposure prophylaxis (PREP) or the daily use of antiretrovirals to prevent the acquisition of HIV. There is widespread reluctance to enroll minors in such biomedical prevention trials due to concerns about vulnerability related to physical maturity, experiential maturity, and diminished autonomy as well as legal and social challenges that vary across and within nations. However, excluding minors from trials misses an important opportunity to evaluate the effectiveness, acceptability, and safety of innovative interventions under the best conditions for identifying and resolving potential problems. The challenges of including minors in HIV prevention trials are highlighted via the example of one rural South African community that has been particularly devastated by the HIV epidemic.Item Antibodies for HIV prevention in young women.(Wolters Kluwer., 2015) Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Baxter, Cheryl.Abstract available.Item Antibody maturation in women who acquire HIV infection while using antiretroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis.(Oxford University Press., 2015) Laeyendecker, Oliver.; Redd, Andrew D.; Nason, Martha.; Longosz, Andrew F.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Naranbhai, Vivek.; Garrett, Nigel Joel.; Eshleman, Susan H.; Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.; Quinn, Thomas C.Abstract available in pdf.Item Antiretroviral prophylaxis for HIV prevention reaches a key milestone.(Elsevier., 2012) Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.No abstract available.Item Antiretroviral prophylaxis: a defining moment in HIV control.(Elsevier., 2011) Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.No abstract available.Item Antiretroviral therapy : challenges and options in South Africa.(Elsevier., 2003) Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Baxter, Cheryl.No abstract available.Item ARV-based HIV prevention for women Á where are we in 2014.(International AIDS Society., 2014) Mastro, Timothy D.; Sista, Nirupama.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.Abstract available in pdf.Item Assessing adherence in the CAPRISA 004 tenofovir gel HIV prevention trial: results of a nested case–control study.(Springer., 2014) MacQueen, Kathleen M.; Weaver, Mark A.; van Loggerenberg, Francois.; Succop, Stacey M.; Majola, Nelisile.; Taylor, Douglas.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.Abstract available in pdf.Item Assessing the implementation effectiveness and safety of 1% tenofovir gel provision through family planning services in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: study protocol for an open-label randomized controlled trial.(BioMed Central., 2014) Mansoor, Leila Essop.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Mngadi, Kathryn Therese.; Dlamini, Sarah Alexandra.; Montague, Carl.; Nkomonde, Nelisiwe.; Mvandaba, Nomzamo.; Baxter, Cheryl.; Gengiah, Tanuja Narayansamy.; Samsunder, Natasha.; Dawood, Halima.; Grobler, Anna Christina.; Fröhlich, Janet Ann.; Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.Background: The Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA) 004 trial demonstrated a 39% reduction in HIV infection, with a 54% HIV reduction in women who used tenofovir gel consistently. A confirmatory trial is expected to report results in early 2015. In the interim, we have a unique window of opportunity to prepare for and devise effective strategies for the future policy and programmatic scale-up of tenofovir gel provision. One approach is to integrate tenofovir gel provision into family planning (FP) services. The CAPRISA 008 implementation trial provides an opportunity to provide post-trial access to tenofovir gel while generating empiric evidence to assess whether integrating tenofovir gel provision into routine FP services can achieve similar levels of adherence as the CAPRISA 004 trial. Methods/design: This is a two-arm, open-label, randomized controlled non-inferiority trial. A maximum of 700 sexually active, HIV-uninfected women aged 18 years and older who previously participated in an antiretroviral prevention study will be enrolled from an urban and rural site in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The anticipated study duration is 30 months, with active accrual requiring approximately 12 months (following which an open cohort will be maintained) and follow-up continuing for approximately 18 months. At each of the two sites, eligible participants will be randomly assigned to receive tenofovir gel through either FP services (intervention arm) or through the CAPRISA research clinics (control arm). As part of the study intervention, a quality improvement approach will be used to assist the FP services to expand their current services to include tenofovir gel provision. Discussion: This protocol aims to address an important implementation question on whether FP services are able to effectively incorporate tenofovir gel provision for this at-risk group of women in South Africa. Provision of tenofovir gel to the women from the CAPRISA 004 trial meets the ethical obligation for post-trial access, and helps identify a potential avenue for future scale-up of microbicides within the public health system of South Africa. Trial registration: This trial was registered with the South Africa Department of Health (reference: DOH-27-0812-4129) and ClinicalTrials.gov (reference: NCT01691768) on 05 July 2012.Item Brief report: selection of HIV-1 variants with higher transmission potential by 1% tenofovir gel microbicide.(Wolters Kluwer Health., 2017) Ngandu, Nobubelo K.; Carlson, Jonathan M.; Chopera, Denis Rutendo.; Ndabambi, Nonkululeko.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.; Williamson, Carolyn.Abstract available in pdf.Item Broadly neutralizing antibody specificities detected in the genital tract of HIV-1 infected women.(Wolters Kluwer., 2016) Mkhize, Nonhlanhla N.; Durgiah, Raveshni.; Ashley, Vicki C.; Archary, Derseree.; Garrett, Nigel Joel.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.; Moore, Penelope L.; Yates, Nicole L.; Passmore, Jo-Ann Shelley.; Tomaras, Georgia D.; Morris, Lynn.Abstract available in PDF file..Item CAPRISA 004 tenofovir microbicide trial: no impact of tenofovir gel on the HIV transmission bottleneck.(Oxford University Press., 2011) Valley-Omar, Ziyaad.; Sibeko, Sengeziwe.; Anderson, Jeffrey A.; Goodier, Sarah A.; Werner, Lise.; Arney, Leslie.; Naranbhai, Vivek.; Treurnicht, Florette K.; Abrahams, Melissa-Rose.; Bandawe, Gama P.; Swanstrom, Ronald.; Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Williamson, Carolyn.Alterations of the genital mucosal barrier may influence the number of viruses transmitted from a human immunodeficiency virus–infected source host to the newly infected individual. We used heteroduplex tracking assay and single-genome sequencing to investigate the effect of a tenofovir-based microbicide gel on the transmission bottleneck in women who seroconverted during the CAPRISA 004 microbicide trial. Seventy-seven percent (17 of 22; 95% confidence interval [CI], 56%–90%) of women in the tenofovir gel arm were infected with a single virus compared with 92% (13 of 14; 95% CI, 67%–>99%) in the placebo arm (P = .37). Tenofovir gel had no discernable impact on the transmission bottleneck.Item Case 15-2011: A 19-year-old South African woman with headache, fatigue, and vaginal discharge.(Massachusetts Medical Society., 2011) Venter, W. D. Francois.; Ndung'u, Peter Thumbi.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.No abstract available.Item Cervicovaginal inflammation facilitates acquisition of less infectious HIV variants.(Oxford University Press., 2017) Selhorst, Philippe.; Masson, Lindi.; Ismail, Sherazaan D.; Samsunder, Natasha.; Garrett, Nigel Joel.; Mansoor, Leila Essop.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.; Passmore, Jo-Ann Shelley.; Williamson, Carolyn.Abstract available in pdf.Item Challenges in HIV-prevention microbicide research.(American Association for the Advancement of Science., 2008) Harrison, Polly.; Mellors, John W.; Richardson, Barbra Ann.; Masse, Benoit.; Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.; Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.; Cates, Ward.; Coletti, Anne S.; Derbyshire, Janet.; Dorflinger, Laneta J.; Feldblum, Paul J.; Gabelnick, Henry.; Halpern, Vera Grigorieva.; Jespers, Vicky.; Kharsany, Ayesha Bibi Mahomed.; McCormack, Sheena.; Nunn, Andrew.; McGowan, Ian M.; Omar, Rabeea F.; Padian, Nancy S.; Pedneault, Louise.; Robbiani, Melissa Pope.; Sailer, James.; Taylor, Douglas.; Tolley, Elizabeth E.; Van Damme, Lut.; Vermund, Sten H.; van de Wijgert, Janneke.No abstract available.