Town and Regional Planning

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Assessing local job creation and employment sustainability within greenfields housing projects : case studies of Wiggins Umkhumbane and Westrich (Durban)
(2005) Myeni, Wonderboy Vincent.; Adebayo, Pauline Wambui.
Most low cost housing beneficiaries either work in the informal sector with little income to meet all their basic needs, or do not work at all. They live in poverty because many of them are unskilled, unemployed, poorly represented economically, politically and socially. Hence the new South African Housing Policy is said to be enabling the housing environment to play a more meaningful role in job creation and employment sustainability. This is said to be achieved through skills transfer and giving support to small businesses which are geared towards more labour intensive opportunities. Job creation, in the context of this study, means training ,and the use of housing beneficiaries in housing construction. The provision of skills enhances beneficiaries to engage in self-employment programmes. Sustainability, on the other hand, looks at the use of dwelling units for small business purposes, the proximity of housing projects in relation to areas of employment, and the transfer of skills from place to place when required. After conducting a survey of 98 beneficiaries, the study revealed a lack of an effective mechanism for job creation and employment sustainability within greenfields housing projects. In order to provide both guidelines and recommendations for the effective implementation of housing projects, this dissertation assesses the extent to which greenfields housing projects have been able to create and sustain employment opportunities for housing beneficiaries. Case studies used to assess this aspect are Wiggins uMkhumbane in Cato Manor and Westrich in Newlands West. This study outlines failures and successes in the manner in which the above mentioned housing projects were implemented in relation to the creation and sustainability of income generating activities. This dissertation is structured as follows: The first chapter introduces the research problem, research question hypothesis, and the research method used to conduct the study. The second chapter provides both the conceptual framework and the literature review for the topic being investigated. International, national and local case studies are used to support the flow of the argument. Chapter three introduces the geographical and historical background of case studies in which the study was conducted. This historical background is linked to the topic of study to help to understand the phenomenon of employment. Chapter four deals with the presentation and analysis of data collected. The conclusion drawn from the findings and recommendations are found in chapter five.
An evaluation of housing consumer education in post apartheid South Africa : a case study of KwaZulu-Natal.
(2003) Nair, Ronald.; Adebayo, Pauline Wambui.
No abstract available.
An evaluation of the extent to which housing group savings schemes facilitate housing improvements for low income groups within the Umsunduzi municipality area.
(2005) Masondo, Eric Mduduzi.; Adebayo, Pauline Wambui.
Savings Schemes have assisted club members to improve their housing conditions. The study argues that funds from savings clubs for housing can make a tremendous contribution in assisting club members to improve their housing. The study established that club members experienced a problem of being unable to complete their housing improvement. This was due to the fact that funds from their savings were insufficient to allow them to complete their housing improvements and consequently club members had to obtain small loans from Agishana Credit Company in order to buy roofing material. The study therefore assumes that funds from savings clubs can work better when supplemented by small loans. The study uses three core-housing approaches, namely self-help housing approach, enabling approach and incremental approach. All these approaches call for housing beneficiaries to mobilize their financial resources to improve their housing conditions. According to these approaches the principal role of the state is limited to provision of basic services and infrastructure and necessary support. The study established that in order for housing group savings schemes to be more effective they need to supported by municipalities, nongovernment organization and other relevant housing role players. In the two case studies for an example, the withdrawal of municipality at BESG from supporting savings clubs for housing crippled the small functioning of savings clubs.
An evaluation of the quality of built housing environment and improvement of quality of life for the beneficiaries : case study of Waterloo and Quarry Heights.
(2002) Sikhumbane, Thulubuke Sifiso.; Adebayo, Pauline Wambui.
This research work evaluates the quality of built housing environment and the improvement of the quality of life for the beneficiary communities under the South African Housing Policy. It pays special reference to the Case Study of Waterloo and Quarry Heights within the jurisdiction of Durban Unicity. In order to assess the quality of built housing environment whether it has a potential to improve the quality of life for the client communities the researcher set indicators which are: Integrated planned housing environment, residential quality, suitable building material, secured housing environments, standard of dwelling units, housing environment with economic infrastructure, housing environment that allows fleXibility and extension, and housing environment that has got development infrastructure and social services. These indicators are used in this study as important tool in evaluating the quality of built housing environment.
The extent to which the mortgage indemnity scheme facilitates access to housing credit from private financial institutions to low-income households in the formerly redlined areas : a case study of Umlazi township.
(1997) Sigcau, Lutango S.; Adebayo, Pauline Wambui.
No abstract available.
Incremental housing and the role of community participation : a comparative study of Cato Manor and Bhambayi.
(1999) Mathabela, Pinky Silindile.; Adebayo, Pauline Wambui.
This study focusses on community participation in the delivery of incremental housing. The community participation approach and incremental housing approach share the same goals and have the aim of community driven development. The study outlines the goals and objectives of community participation and the principles of incremental housing. Meeting these objectives and principles in the delivery of incremental housing can help address the housing backlog in South Africa. Moreover, community participation and incremental growth of housing, if implemented according to their principles and objectives can ensure that beneficiaries needs are met. This is possible because the end users execute and drive their own development. As a result they are in a position to articulate their housing development priorities. For the purposes of this study, two theories are used. The two theories contextualise community participation and are relevant to the South African situation. There are different notions of community participation that have different implications for housing delivery. This study looks at the assumptions that the literature makes about the nature of community participation. The study reflects on international experiences with regard to the implementation of community participation approach. International experiences indicate that some projects have been a success, while others have not. This study's, recommendations forthe South African context are drawn from the findings of this study and other international projects which have been successful in implementing community participation. A survey in this study has been conducted for the purpose of highlighting realities regarding the implementation of community participation. The survey will enable the study to inform the current housing policy about the realities of practising community participation in the delivery of incremental housing.
An investigation of how construction skills transfer leads to sustainable employment and housing improvements in incremental housing projects.
(2003) Mkhize, Nkosinjani Agripper.; Adebayo, Pauline Wambui.
This research investigates the impacts of construction skills acquired by the beneficiaries who participated in the construction of housing in the three case studies used in this study; the housing policy also assumes such a connection. The study argues that the construction skills can assist training beneficiaries to acquire sustainable employment in the housing construction industry. The housing beneficiaries have however experienced the problem of being unable to make further housing completion due to various problems such as unemployment, low income, regulations and building standards. Therefore, the study also assumes that housing construction industry has a potentially pivotal role to play in providing sustainable employment to the training beneficiaries, which In turn allow them to generate income for housing improvements. The study uses two core-housing approaches (incremental and enabling), which emphasises the importance of construction skills to the training beneficiaries and are relevant to the South African Housing Policy. This study argues that the Housing Policy has a crucial role to play in construction skills acquisition during the construction of incremental housing projects. This study investigates the relationship among skills, employment and housing improvements of Hambanati, Mshayazafe and Waterloo areas in KwaZulu-Natal. A research In this study has been conducted for the purpose of highlighting realities regarding the impact of acquiring relevant construction skills through incremental housing projects. The research will enable the study to inform the government's current housing policy about the potential benefits of providing construction skills in the delivery of incremental housing.
An investigation of the structures necessary for the enabling approach to housing process in South Africa to perform better : a comparative study of Wiggins Fast Track and Lovu Housing Projects.
(2002) Ngcongo, Khulekani Musawenkosi Beresford.; Adebayo, Pauline Wambui.
The right to adequate housing is recognized internationally as a basic human right. South Africa is one of the countries that include this basic right as one of the cornerstones in its constitution. Quite a number of ways and means have been implemented and various kinds of mechanisms have been put into place to kickstart and spearhead the process of providing shelter mainly to the poor segments of the communities in South Africa at large. Towards this end the South African Housing Policy is formulated around the notion of the enabling approach whereby state assistance in the form of a lump sum subsidy is given to households to enhance and intensify the beneficiaries' own efforts towards improving their housing. In other words the smooth operation of the enabling approach is to a large extent dependent on the individuals' substantial contribution in many if not all aspects of housing process. The study demonstrates that since the implementation of this enabling approach too little has been achieved in terms of housing delivery. The study therefore identifies three key issues (among other issues) that are seen as major bottlenecks in the implementation of the enabling approach in housing delivery for all. The study argues that in order for the beneficiaries to consolidate their housing, they need to augment their low-income with a loan or any other form of a housing credit. It is the central argument of this study in this regard that proper housing credit mechanisms suited to the circumstances of the low-income groups have not been adequately addressed. The study further observes that the majority of low-income groups do not have proper labour and employment skills in that these groups also lack access to employment opportunities. This study therefore adopts the position that proper structures need to be put in place in-order to eradicate these above-mentioned major hurdles standing in the way of the enabling approach. The study argues that if these issues are not adequately addressed, housing consolidation among low-income groups will remain a major problem and the enabling approach will eventually be regarded as non-viable and incompetent.
Neighbourhood revitalisation and housing satisfaction : enhancing residents’ quality of life in public low-income housing in Lagos metropolis Nigeria.
(2018) Olufemi, Omolabi Abimbola.; Adebayo, Pauline Wambui.
This study examines declining housing quality and neighbourhood degeneration as factors that contribute to low levels of residential satisfaction and quality of life in public low-income housing estates in Lagos metropolis. Its main objective was to establish the relationship between housing quality and residential satisfaction and its implications for neighbourhood revitalisation. In developed countries, such conditions as residential neighbourhood blight and decay are often addressed by means of clearance and renewal programmes. In a developing country like Nigeria, such options are not feasible due to resource constraints and a shortage of housing stock. The study, motivated by an effort to particularly address the problem of housing for the low income group, adopted the needs theory, hedonic price theory, housing adjustment theory and new urbanism as it’s theoretical framework. It’s conceptual framework rested on the issues of neighbourhood’s habitability, affordability, residential satisfaction, urban blight and quality of life. A mix of quantitative and qualitative methods was used for data collection and analysis. The quantitative approach was utilized in which 646 completed questionnaires measuring housing and neighbourhood quality, residential satisfaction, quality of life and the respondents’ willingness to participate in a revitalisation scheme to examine the interrelation among the conceptual issues. Observation, key informant in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were also used to gather data. Chi-square test was used to test the relationship between housing quality and residential satisfaction. The Kruskal-Wallis test was conducted to determine whether there is significant variation in the level of residential satisfaction between the housing estates. The findings of the chi-square test revealed a significant positive relationship between residential satisfaction and housing quality variables. The result of the Kruskal-Wallis test revealed there was no significant variation in the level of residential satisfaction between these estates. The postulation that housing improvement through urban revitalisation made by low income households themselves in partnership with private sector will be a potent factor on housing quality improvement for an enhanced quality of life is a general policy approach to sustainable housing development. The research practically assists planners and policy makers who work on public low income housing on how to avoid adverse issues associated with poor residential neighbourhood and opens a way of thinking about future public low income housing programmes.
Restructuring the apartheid city of Durban through low-cost housing development : opportunities and limitations.
(1999) Makhathini, Maurice Sibusiso.; Adebayo, Pauline Wambui.
At this political time and age, when apartheid has been repealed , the housing backlog determined and the government has committed itself to housing the previously disadvantaged and made resources available , it is imperative to deliver housing at scale. This delivery should happen in a manner that not only provides housing opportunities to the poor and homeless but also ensures that where they are located they have equal access to opportunities. This study aims to identify opportunities that avail themsel ves to housing development interventionists to enable them to restructure the city through housing development. It also warns ofthe limitations that these interventionists are likely to encounter in this endeavour. The study will therefore be informative to a number of people and organisations involved in housing delivery. The objective is to identify the limitations and opportunities and then suggest some innovative interventions that have the potential to circumvent limitations and maximise opportunities to restructure the city. Potential beneficiaries ofthe study include officials ofthe city of Durban, policy makers at both provincial and local level, students, private developers, planners and other professionals in Durban and elsewhere.
The role of non-governmental organisations in low-cost housing provision for the poor : case study of the Small Projects Foundation, Eastern Cape Province.
(1997) Gavor, Christopher Kobla.; Adebayo, Pauline Wambui.
The desire of modern democratic governments is to provide basic amenities for its citizenry and the present South African Government has indicated this in several of its documents including the document on Reconstruction and Development. The question of adequate shelter has been identified as one of the burning issues that require urgent and immediate attention. However, the question still remains: "Is the state the best organ of society to be directly involved in the actual provision of housing or is this function best left to the private sphere of society, above all, private society and Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs)?". This dissertation considers the methods and other related ways in which to assist the poorest of the poor in meeting their housing needs through the intervention of Non-Governmental Organisations. In attempting to do this, the study looks at a case study of an NGO that has been involvedin housing provision. The aim is to find out whether this sphere of housing activity is best suited for NGOs especially where the issues of the poorest of the poor are concerned. The thesis reviews various international as well as local cases pertaining to housing provision and contribution towards finding interventionist approaches to be adopted in order to realise the desires of the new democratic government in housing for all.
Security of tenure as a means towards achieving improvements in housing in self-help housing projects : a case study of Nazareth and Bester's Camp.
(1999) Mbonane, Zakithi.; Adebayo, Pauline Wambui.
The research investigates housing improvements in low income settlements in South Africa. Using a comparative study of Bester's Camp and Nazareth, the investigation interrogates the impact of the subsidy scheme provided by the government. This logically encompasses a close scrutiny of such issues as: the land tenure system and its effects on the housing for low income groups, the obstacles that poor households have regarding housing improvements and accessing credit facilities. Burgess' arguments on the income's influence on housing improvements and Turner's idea of security of tenure as a factor laying foundation for housing improvements to take place, respectively, are juxtaposed in order to analyse trends of investments in housing in South Africa. The dissertation endeavours to contribute to the current housing debates by offering recommendations that can go a long way to alleviate the problems raised in the study.
Towards a strategy for inclusionary inner city housing in Lagos, Nigeria.
(2018) Oyebamiji, Okesoto John.; Adebayo, Pauline Wambui.
Lagos with a population of more than 17 million, suffers an acute shortage of housing and general decline in the quality of existing housing stock. Low income earners are worst hit, because they lack the economic means to choose where to live. They desire to live closer to where they work, which in most cases is the Central Business District (CBD). However, the exorbitant cost of housing in the inner city makes it unaffordable for the poor, hence their exclusion from the inner city. This study examined the possibility of meeting the housing needs of the poor in the inner city of central Lagos through an inclusionary housing strategy. It is based on the assumption that the weak planning and control of land use and building development enable rapid and unregulated succession of residential land use by competing land use activities. The effects are twofold; the poor are inadvertently excluded from the inner city and there has been a rapid decline in the housing function. Among other theories, the classical urban land use theory, and the concepts of the compact city were employed to explain these problems and how they could be addressed. A hybrid research method that combines qualitative and quantitative approaches was used to conduct the study. The quantitative data was descriptively and inferentially analysed and presented in line with the themes that emerged. The study found that the majority of those that live in the inner city of central Lagos are in the upper economic echelon of the society, while the majority of low-income earners live on the city’s outskirts. In respect of residential location decisions, the concern amongst the high-income group is location, while the lower-income group decides on the basis of affordability. Based on these findings, it recommends the mandatory provision of affordable rental and rent- to- own inclusionary housing. A set proportion of inclusionary housing would thus be required as a pre-condition for new residential developments within the inner city. The study’s major contribution to knowledge is the introduction of inclusionary inner city housing as a strategy to meet the housing needs of low-income earners in the inner city of central Lagos.

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