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Masters Degrees (Public Health)

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Browsing Masters Degrees (Public Health) by Author "Buso, D. L."

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    Developing a provincial epidemiologic and demographic information system for health policy and planning in Kwazulu-Natal.
    (2000) Buso, D. L.; Jinabhai, Champaklal Chhaganlal.; Naidoo, Kogieleum.
    Since 1994, a turning point in the history of South Africa (SA), significant changes were made in the delivery of health services by the public sector, provincially and nationally. The process of change involved making important decisions about health services provision, often based on past experience but ideally requiring detailed information on health status and health services. For an example, Primary Health Care (PHC) was made freely accessible to all citizens of this country. Many studies on the impact of free PHC in the country have shown increased utilization of these services.40 In the context of HIV/AIDS and its complications and other emerging health conditions, reasons for this increased utilization may not be that simple. I17, II8. Parallel with increased utilisatIon has been uncontrollable escalation of costs in the Department of Health (DoH), often resulting in ad-hoc and ineffective measures of cost-containment.40. For these and many other reasons of critical importance to public health services management, the issue of health information generally, and epidemiological inforn1ation in particular, should be brought higher on the agenda of health management. Public health services management is about planning, organization, leading, monitoring and control of the same services.2 Any public health plan must have a scientific basis. In order to achieve rational planning of public health services in the province, adequate, up to date, accurate information must be available, as a planning tool. Health information is one of key resources and an essential element in health services management. It is a powerful tool by which to assess health needs, to measure health status of the population and most importantly, to decide how resources should be deployed.5 Trends in the health status of the population are suggested by the White Paper for transforn1ation of Health Services (White Paper), to be important indicators of the success of the Reconstruction and Development Programme (RDP), the country's programme of transformation. 37,39 It is within that context that the KwaZulu-Natal-Department of Health (KZN-DoH) resolved to establish an Epidemiology/Demographic Unit for the province, to assist management to achieve the department's objectives of providing equitable, effective, efficient and comprehensive health services. 37,89 Purpose: To develop a provincial Epidemiological-Demographic Inforn1ation System (EDIS) that will consistently inforn1 and support rational and realistic management decisions based on accurate, timely, current and comprehensive infom1ation, moving the DoH towards evidence based policy and planning. Objectives: To provide an ED IS framework to : .develop provincial health policy .assist management with health services planning and decision-making .ensure central co-ordination of health information in order to support delivery of services at all levels of the health system . . monitor implementation and evaluation of health programmes . ensure utilization of information at the point of collection, for local planning and interventlon. Methods: A rapid appraisal of the existing Health Information System (HIS) in the province was conducted from the sub-departments of the DoH and randomly selected institutions. A cross-sectional study involving retrospective review of records from selected hospitals, clinics and other sources, was conducted. The study period was the period between January 1998 to December 1998. Capacity at district and regional levels on managing health information and epidemiological information in particular, was reviewed and established through training progranmles. Results: The rapid appraisal of existing HIS in the province revealed a relatively electronically well resourced sub-department of Informatics within the KZN-DoH, with a potential to provide quality and timely data. However, a lot of data was collected from both clinics and hospitals but not analyzed nor utilized. Some critical data was captured and analyzed nationally. There was lack of clarity between the Informatics Department staff responsible for collecting and processing provincial data and top management with regards each other's needs. Demographics: The demographic composition and distribution profile of the KZN population showed features of a third world country for Blacks with the White population displaying contrasting first world characteristics. Socio-Economic Profile: The majority of the population was unemployed, poor, illiterate, economically inactive, and earning very low income. The water supply, housing and toilet facilities seemed adequate, but in the absence of data on urban/rural distinction, this finding needs to be interpreted with caution Epidemiology: All basic indicators of socio-economic status (infant, child, neonatal mortality rates) were high and this province had the second poorest of the same indicators in the country. Adult and child morbidity and mortality profiles of the province, both at clinics and district hospitals were mainly from preventable conditions. Indicators on women and maternal health were consistent with the socio-economic status of this province; and maternal mortality rate was high with causes of mortality that were mainly preventable. The issue of HIV / AIDS complications remains unquantifiable with the limited data available. HIV is a serious epidemic in KZN and this province continues to lead all the provinces in the country, a prevalence of 32 % in 1999.86 Health Services Provision: Inmmnization coverage was almost 50% below the national target and drop out rate was very high. Termlinations of Pregnancies (TOP) occurred mainly among adult, single women, and the procedure done within the first trimester and requested for social and economic reasons. Provincial clinics (mainly fixed) and hospitals provide family planning and Ante Natal Care (ANC) services to the majority of pregnant women in the province. Conclusion : KZN is a poor province with an epidemiological profile of a country in transition but predominantly preventable health conditions. The province has a potential for producing high quality health information required for management, planning and decision making. It is recommended that management redirects resources towards improving PHC services. Establishment of an Epidemiology Unit would facilitate the DoH's health services reforms, through provision of comprehensive, accurate, timely and relevant health information .