Mureithi, Marianne W.Poole, Danielle.Naranbhai, Vivek.Reddy, Shabashini.Mkhwanazi, Nompumelelo Prudence.Sibeko, Sengeziwe.Werner, Lise.Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.Ndung'u, Peter Thumbi.Altfeld, Marcus.2012-11-242012-11-2420112011Mureithi, M.W. et al. 2012. Preservation HIV-1–specific IFNg+ CD4+ T-Cell responses in breakthrough infections after exposure to tenofovir gel in the CAPRISA 004 microbicide trial. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 60 (2), pp. 124-127.1525-4135http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/QAI.0b013e31824f53a9http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7997Abstract: The Centre for the AIDS Program of Research in South Africa 004 trial demonstrated reduction of sexual HIV-1 acquisition in women using a vaginal microbicide containing tenofovir. A better understanding of the consequences of antiretroviral-containing microbicides for immune responses in individuals with intercurrent HIV-1 infection is needed for future trials combining the use of microbicides with HIV-1 vaccines. Investigation of immune responses in women who acquired HIV-1 although using tenofovir gel showed significantly higher (P = 0.01) Gag-specific IFNγ+ CD4+ T-cell responses. The use of tenofovir-containing gel around the time of infection can modulate HIV-1 immunity, and these immunological changes need to be considered in future trials combining vaccines and microbicides.enAIDS vaccines.AIDS (Disease)--Vaccination.HIV infections--Immunology.Clinical trials.Tenofovir.Vaginal microbicides.HIV-1-specific CD4+ T-cell help.Peer reviewed journal article