John, Vaughn Mitchell.Jacobs, Suhana.2023-09-222023-09-2220232023https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/handle/10413/22307Doctoral Degree. University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg.Bullying has become a serious problem for young people all over the world. Using action research within the critical paradigm, this qualitative study examines the experiences of young adult survivors of both physical and cyber bullying. Against a backdrop of rapid technological advances in social media communication and the blurring of physical and virtual bullying contexts, survivors provide poignant insights into how they grapple with the psycho-social impacts of their experiences. These impacts include pain, poor self-image, fear, loneliness, and feelings of dehumanisation. The study reveals that filmed incidents of physical bullying posted on social media tethers the physical realm to cyber space creating shifts and extensions along the dimensions of content, space, time, and participants. One of the unique contributions of this study is a discussion on the interlocking nature of the four dimensions of extension which gives rise to the concept of extended bullying. The exploration of these multiple extensions provides insights into a particular and complex form of bullying across physical and cyber spaces and how to develop educational interventions in response. The research design, supported by the theoretical insights of Paulo Freire, Bradley Evans, and Henry Giroux, provides a framework for knowledge production through partnerships that involved reflection, sustained dialogue, and creative action with survivors, youth and teachers. While revealing how pervasive and damaging extended bullying is, the study also exposes how psycho-social impacts are only fully recognised and understood when the phenomenon of bullying is viewed through the prism of multidimensional extensions. The study emphasises the need to balance rigorous scholarship with the promotion of democratic social change. Iqoqa Ukuchokoloza sekuphenduke inkinga yangempela kubantu abasebasha emhlabeni jikelele. Ngokusebenzisa ucwaningo-simo ngaphansi kwe-critical pharadayimu, lolu cwaningo oluyikhwalithethivu luhlola ukadebona wezisulu ezikhulakhulile okwenzeke mathupha nasezinkundleni-kuxhumana. Phezu kokuthuthuka ngesivinini kwezobuchwephesha kwezinkundla-kuxhumana kanye nokungacaci kahle kukanzikandaweni kwalokhu kuchokoloza, izisulu zethula imizwa yazo ngababhekene nakho. Lokhu kumbandakanya ubuhlungu, ukudicileleka kwesithunzi sabo, ukwesaba, umzwangedwa kanye kokuhlambalazeka. Ucwaningo luveza ukuthi izigameko eziqoshiwe zokuchokoloza bukhoma ezifakwa ezinkundleni-kuxhumana zixhumene nochungechunge lwezigameko zokuchokoloza ezinkundleni-kuxhumana okuhlobanisa unzikandaweni, isikhathi kanye nababambiqhaza. Okunye okuwumnikelo walolu cwaningo ukuxoxa ngokuxhumana kwezinto ezine ezakha ikhonsepthi yokuchokoloza okuwuchungechunge. Ukuhlolwa kwalezi zinto kwenza kube nomfanekiso ocacile ngokuchokoloza okubukhoma nokutholakala ezinkundleni-kuxhumana nokubhekana nokuthuthukisa amacebo okubhekana nakho. Izindlela zokucwaninga ezisetshenzisiwe zeyame enjulalwazini ka-Paulo Freire, Bradley Evans, no Henry Giroux, ukwakha uhlaka oluzokhiqiza ulwazi ngokubambisana ekubukeni okuvelayo, ingxoxo eqhubekayo kanye nezixazilulo eziphathekayo kanye nezisulu, abantu abasha kanye nothisha. Kuphinde kuvele ukukhohlakala kanye nokulimaza okwenziwa ukuchokoloza, ucwaningo luphinde luveze umonakalo owenzeka ngokwengqondo uma ukuchokoloza kubukwa ngeso le-prism of multidimensional extensions. Ucwaningo lugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqoqa ulwazi olunzulu kwezemfundo ngalesi sihlava ngenhloso yokuthuthukisa ukubusa kwentando yeningi kanye nezinguquko emphakathini.enPhysical bullying--Young adult survivors.Cyber bullying--Young adult survivors.Social media communication.Thesis