O'Donnell, Max Roe.Padayatchi, Nesri.Kvasnovsky, Charlotte.Werner, Lise.Master, Iqbal.Horsburgh, Charles Robert.2013-07-012013-07-0120132013O’Donnell, M.R., et al. 2013. Treatment outcomes for extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis and HIV co-infection. Emerg Infect Dis. 19 (3) pp. 416-424.1080-6040http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid1903.120998http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9236High mortality rates have been reported for patients co-infected with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) and HIV, but treatment outcomes have not been reported. We report treatment outcomes for adult XDR TB patients in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Initial data were obtained retrospectively, and outcomes were obtained prospectively during 24 months of treatment. A total of 114 XDR TB patients were treated (median 6 drugs, range 3–9 drugs); 82 (73%) were HIV positive and 50 (61%) were receiving antiretroviral therapy. After receiving treatment for 24 months, 48 (42%) of 114 patients died, 25 (22%) were cured or successfully completed treatment, 19 (17%) defaulted from the study, and 22 (19%) showed treatment failure. A higher number of deaths occurred among HIV-positive patients not receiving antiretroviral therapy and among patients who did not show sputum culture conversion. Culture conversion was a major predictor of survival but was poorly predictive (51%) of successful treatment outcome.enMultidrug-resistant tuberculosis--KwaZulu-Natal.Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis--Treatment.HIV infections--Treatment--KwaZulu-Natal.HIV infections--Complications--KwaZulu-Natal.Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.XDR-TB.Coinfection.Peer reviewed journal article