Mansoor, Leila Essop.Abdool Karim, Quarraisha.Yende-Zuma, Fortunate Nonhlanhla.MacQueen, Kathleen M.Baxter, Cheryl.Madlala, Bernadette T.Grobler, Anneke.Abdool Karim, Salim Safurdeen.2016-11-022016-11-0220142014Mansoor, L.E., Abdool Karim, Q., Yende-Zuma, N., MacQueen, K.M., Baxter, C., Madlala, B.T., Grobler, A. and Abdool Karim, S.S. 2014. Adherence in the CAPRISA 004 tenofovir gel microbicide trial. AIDS and Behavior 18(5), 811-819.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-014-0751-xhttp://hdl.handle.net/10413/13557CAPRISA, 2014.High adherence is key to microbicide effectiveness. Here we provide a description of adherence interventions and the adherence rates achieved in the CAPRISA 004 Tenofovir Gel Trial. Adherence support for the before-and-after dosing strategy (BAT 24) was provided at enrolment and at each monthly study visit. This initially comprised individual counselling and was replaced midway by a structured theory-based adherence support program (ASP) based on motivational interviewing. The 889 women were followed for an average of 18 months and attended a total of 17031 monthly visits. On average women reported 5 sex acts and returned 5.9 empty applicators per month. The adherence rate based on applicator count in relation to all reported sex acts was 72.2% compared to the 82.0% self-reported adherence during the last sex act. Adherence support activities, which achieve levels of adherence similar to or better than those achieved by the CAPRISA 004 ASP, will be critical to the success of future microbicide trials.enAdherence.Adherence support.Adherence measures.Microbicides.Clinical trial.HIV prevention.Peer reviewed journal article