Doctoral Degrees (Graduate School of Business and Leadership)
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Item An evaluation of corporate sustainability and financial performance for JSE listed companies in the food and drug retail sector = Ukuhlolwa kokusimama kwezezinkampani nokusebenza kwezezimali emkhakheni wokudayisa ukudla nemithi yokwelapha.(2024) Gregory, Vanessa Margaret.; Chasomeris, Mihalis Georgiou.There has been a recent influx of research into integrated reporting and the degree of sustainability reporting in such reports. South Africa has become a key country of interest following the mandating of King III application for JSE-listed companies and the literature reviewed showed that the food and drug retail sector was particularly unexplored. This Doctor of Business Administration via publication examined annual integrated reports for companies within this sector to conclude on financial performance and the prominence of corporate sustainability reporting therein. Four objectives were addressed through four separate articles: 1) To use content analyses of integrated reports to identify the purpose of a company; 2) To create an analysis technique in which company purpose and financial performance (depicted through profitability) can be portrayed concurrently to stakeholders; 3) To explore the development of integrated reporting, and 4) To quantify and analyse the degree of sustainability reporting within integrated reports. The methodology adopted a mixed methods approach using quantitative and qualitative content analysis to identify company purpose, analyse integrated report development and arrive at sustainability indices, and ratio analysis to determine company profitability. It was first confirmed that annual integrated reports presented the Entity Maximisation and Sustainability Model as the company’s purpose. Thereafter an analysis technique was created, referred to as the purpose-profitability pentagon analysis, resulting in company purpose and profitability being presented in a single setting. The composition of the integrated reports was then analysed, revealing notable shifts in their presentation, with a common decrease in financial statement information and an increase in governance, strategy and sustainability information. Finally, the calculated sustainability indices showed that sustainability information for three of the four companies (Clicks being the exception) increased, but there was room for improvement in the quality of sustainability reporting within the integrated report. The compilation of all four articles contributes to the body of knowledge on integrated reporting, sustainability reporting and profitability and has created a platform for the studies to be applied to other JSE sectors. It is recommended that other JSE sectors are analysed using these techniques for a cross-industry analysis to expand the research base. Iqoqa. Kunocwaningo oluningi muva nje mayelana nokubika okudidiyelwe kanye nokuvumelana ekubikeni. INingizimu Afrikha isiphenduke izwe elibalulekile nelithakaselwayo kulandela ukugunyazwa kwesicelo seNkosi yesithathu sokufakwa ohlwini lwezinkampani ezikwi-JSE futhi imibhalo yocwaningo ibonisa ukuthi umkhakha wokudayisa ukudla nemithi yokwelapha usangakalandelwa kakhulu. Lezi ziqu zobuDokotela kweZokuphathwa kweBhizinisi zenziwe ngokushicilela amaphepha ocwaningo ukuhlola imibiko yaminyaka yonke ehlanganisiwe yizinkampani ezingaphakathi kwalo mkhakha ukucubungula ukusebenza kwezimali kanye nokuvelela kokubika kokusimama kwebhizinisi. Ama-athikhili amane ocwaningo aveza lezi zinhloso ezine zocwaningo: 1) Ukusebenzisa ukuhlaziya okuqukethwe kwemibiko edidiyelwe ukuze kuhlonzwe inhloso yenkampani; 2) Ukwakha indlela yokuhlaziya lapho inhloso yenkampani nokusebenza kwezimali (okuboniswa ngenzuzo) kungavezwa kanyekanye kwabathintekayo; 3) Ukuhlola ukuthuthukiswa kokubika okudidiyelwe, kanye 4) nokulinganisa nokuhlaziya izinga lokubikwa kokusimama ngaphakathi kwemibiko edidiyelwe. Indlela yokwenza yamukele indlela yezindlela ezixubile kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya okuqukethwe komthamo kanye nezinga ukuze kuhlonzwe inhloso yenkampani, ukuhlaziya ukuthuthukiswa kombiko odidiyelwe futhi kufinyelelwe ezindimeni zokusimama, nokuhlaziya isilinganiso ukuze kutholwe inzuzo yenkampani. Kuqale kwaqinisekiswa ukuthi imibiko yonyaka edidiyelwe yethula indlela yokukhulisa nokuthuthukisa izinhloso zenkampani zokwakha inzuzo. Ngemva kwalokho kwasungulwa inqubo yokuhlaziya, ebizwa ngokuthi ukuhlaziya ngenhloso yokwakha inzuzo, okuholele ekutheni inhloso yenkampani kanye nenzuzo yethulwe endaweni eyodwa. Ukwakhiwa kwemibiko edidiyelwe kwabe sekuhlaziywa, kwaveza izinguquko eziphawulekayo ezethulweni zayo, nokwehla okujwayelekile kolwazi lwesitatimende sezimali kanye nokwanda kokubusa, amasu nolwazi lokusimama. Okokugcina, izinkomba zibonise ukukhula kokusimama kwezinkampani ezintathu kwezine (uClicks ungabaliwe), kodwa bekukhona isikhala sokuthuthukiswa kwezinga lokubika kokusimama ngaphakathi kombiko odidiyelwe. Ukuhlanganiswa kwawo amane amaphepha ocwaningo kweza nolwazi oluningi ukuthuthukisa ulwazi mayelana nokubika okudidiyelwe, ukubika okusimeme kanye nenzuzo futhi kuvule ithuba lokuthi lolu cwaningo lusetshenziswe kweminye imikhakha ye-JSE. Kuphakanyiswa ukuba eminye imikhakha ye-JSE ihlaziywe kusetshenziswa la masu ukuze kubhekwe izimboni ezahlukene, kwandiswe isisekelo socwaningo.Item Developing a public sector leadership framework for advancing economic development in South Africa.(2024) Sheik, Shoayb Emam.; Govender, Krishna Kistan.Abstract available in PDF.Item Information and communication technology model to enhance small-medium enterprises development using indigenous languages in Limpopo Province, South Africa = Imodeli yobuchwepheshe bolwazi nokuxhumana yokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamabhizinisi amancane kusetshenziswa izilimi zomdabu esifundazweni saseLimpopo, eNingizimu Afrikha.(2023) Makgopa, Matome Samuel Fortune.; Majola, Priscilla Xoliswa.; Ngwenya, Charles Tony Simphiwe.The Republic of South Africa has a multicultural population with 12 official languages. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are significant to the economy, especially in rural areas. The study explored the appropriation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) by SMEs with the considerable utilisation of indigenous languages, the development marked by the improvement of their business and the challenges experienced. The study investigated the government's role in advancing ICT integration in SME development in Limpopo Province and how ICT can be conceived to tackle the hurdles of including indigenous languages for the progress of SMEs. A research design that incorporated both quantitative and qualitative methods was selected for this study. A purposive sampling technique was employed to gather qualitative data, which involved interviews with two SMEs in each district in the Limpopo Province, and 10 were interviewed. These SMEs had operated for at least five years. For the quantitative component of the study, 130 questionnaires were distributed to SMEs officially registered with the Department of Economic Development, Environment and Tourism (DEDET) in the Limpopo province. The study's findings revealed that SMEs could play a critical role in helping address the recent declines in the South African economy. However, in the Limpopo Province, the economic contribution from SMEs still needs to be increased as they currently employ very few people. The study revealed the importance of infrastructure in SME development, ICT support, and the creation of business opportunities. The barriers identified included government participation in implementing policies and legislation, a need for an information-sharing culture, siloed stakeholder collaboration, sensitive information and ineffective information technology usage. The recommendations include the need for government institutions to advance SMEs' development and sustainability while implementing indigenous languages as an essential part of business communication. This consists of implementing indigenous languages in mainstream business operations to communicate, promoting the uptake of technology and the role of the government in promoting ICT in SME development in Limpopo Province. Iqoqa. IRiphabhulikhi yaseNingizimu Afrikha inabantu abanamasiko amaningi nezilimi ezisemthethweni eziyi-12. Amabhizinisi Amancane Naphakathi (ama-SME) abalulekile emnothweni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Ucwaningo luhlole ukwabiwa Kolwazi Nokuxhumana ngezobuchwepheshe (ICT) ngama-SMEs ngokusetshenziswa okukhulu kwezilimi zomdabu, intuthuko ephawulwa ukwenziwa ngcono kwebhizinisi labo kanye nezinselelo ngolwazi. Ucwaningo luphenye iqhaza likahulumeni ekuthuthukiseni i-ICT ukuhlanganiswa ekuthuthukisweni kwama-SME esiFundazweni saseLimpopo nokuthi i-ICT ingaqanjwa kanjani ukubhekana nezithiyo zokufaka phakathi izilimi zomdabu ukuze kuthuthuke ama-SME. Idizayini yocwaningo ehlanganisa izindlela zobuningi nekhwalithi kwaba ezikhethelwe lolu cwaningo. Kusetshenziswe indlela yokusampula ehlosiwe ukuze kuqoqwe idatha yekhwalithi, okuyinto ibandakanye izingxoxo nama-SME amabili esifundeni ngasinye esiFundazweni saseLimpopo, nayi-10 kwaxoxwa nabo. Lawa ma-SME asesebenze okungenani iminyaka emihlanu. Enye ingxenye yocwaningo, imibuzo eyi-130 yasatshalaliswa kuma-SME abhaliswe ngokusemthethweni noMnyango Wezokuthuthukiswa Komnotho, Imvelo kanye Nezokuvakasha (DEDET) esifundazweni saseLimpopo. Okutholwe kulolu cwaningo kuveze ukuthi ama-SME angadlala indima ebalulekile ekusizeni ukubhekana nokwehla komnotho kwakamuva eNingizimu Afrikha. Kodwa-ke, esiFundazweni saseLimpopo, umnikelo wezomnotho ovela kuma-SME kusadingeka unyuswe njengoba njengamanje baqashe abantu abambalwa kakhulu. Isifundo siveze ukubaluleka kwengqalasizinda ekuthuthukisweni kwama-SME, ukwesekwa kwe-ICT, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamathuba ebhizinisi. Izithiyo ezihlonziwe zihlanganisa ukubamba iqhaza kukahulumeni ekuqaliseni izinqubomgomo nemithetho, isidingo sesiko lokwabelana ngolwazi, ukusebenzisana okuvalekile nababambiqhaza, ulwazi olubucayi kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bolwazi ngendlela engasebenzi. Izincomo zihlanganisa isidingo sokuthi izikhungo zikahulumeni ziqhubekisele phambili ukuthuthukiswa nokusimama kwama-SME kuyilapho zisebenzisa izilimi zomdabu njengengxenye ebalulekile yokuxhumana kwezamabhizinisi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa nokusebenzisa izilimi zomdabu emisebenzini yamabhizinisi ejwayelekile ukuze kuxhunyanwe, ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kanye neqhaza likahulumeni ekukhuthazeni i-ICT ekuthuthukisweni kwama-SME esiFundazweni saseLimpopo.Item A strategic leadership framework for sustainability in hotels; a case study of 5-star hotels within KwaZulu-Natal = Uhlaka lobuholi obunobuhlakani bokusimama emahhotela asezingeni lezinkanyezi ezi-5 KwaZulu-Natali.(2023) Motsamai, Ntombifuth Angel.; Mutambara, Emmanuel.As the global hospitality industry faces increasing pressure to address environmental and social sustainability concerns, this research explores the development of a Strategic Leadership Framework tailored to the unique challenges and opportunities within 5-star hotels in KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa. This study employed a comprehensive case study approach, drawing insights from a selection of ten (10) luxury hotels in the region. The primary objective of this research was to offer a holistic understanding of the sustainability practices and challenges encountered by high-end hotels within the context of KwaZulu-Natal province. It also sought to identify the strategic leadership attributes and practices that contribute to successful sustainability initiatives within these establishments. The study encompassed various dimensions of sustainability, including environmental conservation, social responsibility, and economic viability, acknowledging the intricate interplay between these factors. Methodologically, this study employed a qualitative approach for data collection and analysis utilised purposive sampling to select 20 participants with in-depth exposure and experience in the hotel industry. Interviews were used for data collection, generating rich and contextually embedded data. Thematic analysis was employed for data analysis, identifying recurring patterns, concepts, and insights related to hotel industry within KwaZulu-Natal province. The research findings highlight the multifaceted nature of sustainability in 5-star hotels, underlining the importance of strategic leadership in navigating complex sustainability challenges. This framework identifies key leadership attributes such as vision, innovation, stakeholder engagement, and strategic planning, which are essential for fostering sustainability-oriented organisational cultures. The implications of this research extend beyond the borders of KwaZulu-Natal, serving as a valuable reference for luxury hotels worldwide aiming to enhance their sustainability performance. The study ultimately contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainable practices within the hospitality industry, offering a roadmap for strategic leadership that can help hotels balance environmental stewardship, social responsibility, and profitability in an increasingly conscious and competitive market. Iqoqa. Njengoba imboni yezokwamukela izihambi emhlabeni wonke ibhekene nengcindezi ekhulayo yokubhekana nokukhathazeka kwemvelo nokusimama komphakathi, lolu cwaningo luhlola ukuthuthukiswa Kohlaka Lweqhinga Lobuholi olwakhelwe izinselele namathuba ayingqayizivele ngaphakathi kwamahhotela asezingeni lezinkanyezi ezi-5 esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali, eNingizimu Afrikha. Lolu cwaningo lusebenzise indlela ebanzi yocwaningo oluyisibonelo, luveza imininingwane kumahhotela aphambili ayishumi (10) esifundeni. Inhlosongqangi yalolu cwaningo bekuwukunikeza ukuqonda okuphelele kwezinqubo zokusimama nezinselelo amahhotela asezingeni eliphezulu ahlangabezana nazo esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali. Iphinde yafuna ukuhlonza izici zobuholi bamasu kanye nezinqubo ezifaka isandla ezinhlelweni eziphumelelayo zokusimama ngaphakathi kwalezi zikhungo. Lolu cwaningo beluhlanganisa izilinganiso ezihlukene zokusimama, okuhlanganisa ukongiwa kwemvelo, umthwalo wemfanelo womphakathi, kanye nokuba namandla kwezomnotho, okuvuma ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kwalezi zici. Ngokwendlela yokwenza, lolu cwaningo lusebenzise indlela esezingeni eliphezulu yokuqoqwa kwedatha nokuhlaziya okusetshenziswe amasampuli okuhlosiwe ukuze kukhethwe ababambiqhaza abangu-20 abanolwazi olujulile nolwazi embonini yamahhotela. Izingxoxiswano zisetshenziselwa ukuqoqwa kwedatha, ukukhiqiza idatha enothile negxiliswe ngokomongo. Kwasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya okuphathelene nendikimba ukuze kuhlaziywe idatha, kuhlonzwe amaphethini avelayo, imiqondo, kanye nemininingwane ehlobene nemboni yamahhotela esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali. Okutholwe ocwaningweni kugqamisa isimo esinezici eziningi sokusimama kwamahhotela asezingeni lezinkanyezi ezi-5, kugcizelela ukubaluleka kobuholi obunamasu ekuzuzeni izinselele eziyinkimbinkimbi zokusimama. Lolu hlaka luhlonza izici zobuholi ezibalulekile njengombono, ukusungula izinto ezintsha, ukusebenzelana nababambiqhaza, kanye nokuhlelwa kwamasu, okubalulekile ekukhuthazeni amasiko enhlangano agxile ekusimameni. Imithelela yalolu cwaningo idlulela ngale kwemingcele yaKwaZulu-Natali, isebenze njengesethenjwa esibalulekile samahhotela aphambili emhlabeni wonke okuhloswe ngawo ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwawo okuqhubekayo. Ucwaningo lugcine lubambe iqhaza enkulumweni eqhubekayo yezinqubo ezisimeme ngaphakathi kwemboni yokwamukela izihambi, enikeza umhlahlandlela wobuholi obunesu obungasiza amahhotela ukuthi alinganisele ukunakekela indawo ezungezile, imithwalo yemfanelo yomphakathi, kanye nokwenza inzuzo emakethe eqaphelayo nencintisanayo.Item Paradigm shift in South African medical education: a management model for decentralised training in KwaZulu-Natal.(2023) Mqadi, Nonhlanhla Precious.; Nzimakwe, Thokozani Ian.Abstract available in PDF.Item Exploration of enablers and barriers of strategy alignment within state-owned enterprises in KwaZulu-Natal.(2023) Chamane, Ziphathele Harold.; Kanyangale, MacDonald.Abstract available in PDF.Item Livestock identification and tracking system for controlling livestock theft: case study of South Africa.(2024) Mzingelwa, Mpho.; Mutula, Stephen.This thesis explores livestock theft problem within the South Africa context, focusing on cattle, sheep, and goats, and evaluates the potential of Information and Communications Technologies (ICTs) to address this critical problem. Conventional identification and tracking methods are currently ineffective, prompting the need for ICT based solutions. Despite calls for ICT intervention, no comprehensive conceptual model exists for South Africa. This study aims to fill this gap by proposing an ICT-based national livestock identification and tracking system to control livestock theft in South Africa. Utilizing Actor-Network Theory and a qualitative approach, the research includes interviews and questionnaires with stakeholders such as farmers, police, and stock theft forums. The study also integrates secondary data and literature, supported by a Scoping Review, snowball strategy, PRISMA method, and CASP framework. Data analysis employed thematic and content analysis techniques. Findings reveal that livestock theft networks are well-organized, highlighting the need of a unified national ICT based solution to combat livestock theft. The study identifies several potential ICT tools such as mobile phones, biometric technology, radio and TV broadcasting, camera traps, cloud computing, and drones as viable solutions. The proposed conceptual model of a national livestock identification and tracking system features two modules: retinal pattern-based biometric identification and three tracking methods. A Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) framework was used to present the conceptual model for the proposed system. Recommendations emphasize the need for collaboration among stakeholders, including the Department of Agriculture, South African Police Service, and State Information Technology Agency. Limitations include a focus on the top ten livestock theft-hotspots and reliance on secondary data, with suggestions for future research to involve direct data collection from additional informants and explore how perpetrators use ICTs. The study contributes empirical insights and presents a practical model for controlling livestock theft through ICTs, along with a business case for its implementation. Future research should address the political implications and technical details of the ICT solution, as the current study does not cover the implementation process.Item Exploring how the emotional intelligence-social capital nexus in academics impacts third stream income: a case study of University of KwaZulu-Natal.(2023) Reddy, Devendren Vengatas.; Proches, Cecile Naomi Gerwel.; Moodley, Thiruveni.South African universities have been facing financial challenges brought about by the legacy of the apartheid education system. The higher education system is looking for solutions to manage the financial sustainability of institutions. The aim of the study was to determine whether the emotional intelligence and social capital nexus in academics has an impact on attitudes towards third stream income at the University of KwaZulu-Natal (UKZN). Third stream income draws on commercial practice to raise income through consultancy, commercialisation of research, philanthropy and the creation of public private partnerships. A challenge facing institutions is getting academics to participate in third stream income because they are consumed with academic responsibilities of teaching, learning and research. Literature review was conducted, which included the development of a mini case study of UKZN based on the 2017- 2021 strategic plan and factors that impacted third stream income generation at the university. The thesis used the four-dimensional theory of emotional intelligence model of Goleman, Boyatzis and McKee (Goleman et al., 2002:47) and the three-dimensional model of social capital (Nahapiet and Ghoshal, 1998). This thesis used a sequential exploratory mixed-methods case study methodology. The qualitative part of the study comprised 13 interviews and two focus group interviews. The quantitative part of the study was based on 100 respondents who participated in an online questionnaire. The qualitative data analysis used a thematic analysis, and the quantitative data analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics 26.0 software. The study found a strong relationship between the emotional intelligence – social capital nexus and attitudes towards third stream income. The study recommends the construction of a coaching framework to develop the participation of academics at UKZN in third stream income. Further research is required on the impact of how emotional intelligence can be used to grow social capital in academia. These studies may look at what the motivators are for academics to participate in third stream income generation and how to promote academic benevolence to promote increased social capital to support third stream income generation.Item Re-conceptualizing fiscal decentralization framework to improve service delivery: a case of uMgungundlovu District Municipality = Ukucabanga kabusha ngohlaka lokuhlukaniswa kwezimali ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukulethwa kwezinsizakalo: Udaba lukaMasipala Wesifunda WaseMgungundlovu.(2023) Msomi, Buhlebakhe.; Nzimakwe, Thokozani Ian.This research explored the concept of fiscal decentralisation by proposing a comprehensive framework tailored to the unique context of the uMgungundlovu District Municipality. Fiscal decentralisation, a pivotal component of effective governance, aims to redistribute financial authority and responsibility between higher-level governments and local authorities. This research aimed to redefine the fiscal decentralisation framework within the uMgungundlovu District Municipality, with a focus on crafting a comprehensive model that accommodates the distinctive socio-economic and political intricacies of the region. The research problem stems from the absence of a customized fiscal decentralisation framework tailored to the nuances of the district, as the conventional one-size-fits-all approach to fiscal decentralisation seem to fall short in effectively addressing the unique challenges faced by uMgungundlovu. In doing so, it sought to address the research problem of how fiscal decentralisation can be effectively structured and implemented to promote local development and efficient resource allocation. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study utilised purposive sampling to select 19 participants with in-depth knowledge and experience in local governance and fiscal matters. Thematic analysis was employed to analyse these qualitative data, identifying recurring patterns, concepts, and insights related to fiscal decentralisation within uMgungundlovu District Municipality. The findings underscore the need for community participation in fiscal decision-making, emphasizing the need for a re-conceptualized framework that empowers both local governments and actively involves communities in budgetary discussions. The findings thus stressed the importance of capacity building and institutional strengthening at the local level, addressing challenges in human resources, financial management, and technological infrastructure. The research recommends targeted interventions to enhance local government capabilities. Moreover, it contributes to the theoretical foundations of fiscal decentralization by promoting a context-specific approach, incorporating community perspectives, and offering practical guidance for policymakers to design and implement effective policies aligned with the realities of local governance. Based on the study's outcomes, it is recommended that uMgungundlovu District Municipality develop a clear and inclusive fiscal decentralisation framework tailored to its unique socio-economic context. This framework should address issues of revenue generation, allocation, and expenditure, while also emphasising mechanisms for transparent governance and community involvement. Iqoqa. Lolu cwaningo luhlolisisa umqondo wokuhlukaniswa kwezimali ngokuhlongoza uhlaka oluphelele olwenzelwe umongo oyingqayizivele kaMasipala Wesifunda WaseMgungundlovu. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezimali, okuyingxenye ebalulekile yokubusa ngempumelelo, kuhloswe ngako ukusabalalisa kabusha igunya lezezimali nomthwalo phakathi kohulumeni abasezingeni eliphakeme neziphathimandla zendawo. Ngalolu cwaningo kuhloswe ukuchaza kabusha uhlaka lokuhlukaniswa kwezimali kuMasipala Wesifunda WaseMgungundlovu, ngokugxila ekwakheni imodeli ebanzi efaka ezenhlalo nezomnotho ezihlukile kanye nezombusazwe zesifunda. Inkinga evezwa wucwaningo ngeyokuthi ukungabi khona kohlaka lokuhlukaniswa kwezimali olwakhelwe izinto ezibhekene nesifunda, njengoba indlela ejwayelekile yokungahlukaniswa kwezimali ibonakala ingaphumeleli ekusingatheni ngempumelelo izinselele eziyingqayizivele uMgungundlovu obhekene nazo. Ngokwenza njalo, ucwaningo lufuna ukubhekana nenkinga yocwaningo yokuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwezimali kungahlelwa futhi kusetshenziswe kanjani ngempumelelo ukuze kugqugquzelwe intuthuko endaweni futhi kwabiwe izinsiza ngempumelelo. Ngokulandela indlela yocwaningo yekhwalithethivu, ucwaningo lusebenzise amasampula akhethwe ngenhloso ukuqoka ababambiqhaza abayi-19 abanolwazi olujulile nesipiliyoni ezindabeni zezezimali kohulumeni bendawo. Ukuhlaziywa kwendikimba kwenziwelwa ukuhlaziya le mininingo yekhwalithethivu, ukuhlonza amaphethini aphindaphindayo, imiqondo, kanye nemibono ehlobene nokuhlukaniswa kwezikhwama zikaMasipala Wesifunda WaseMgungundlovu. Okutholakele kugcizelela isidingo sokubamba iqhaza komphakathi ekuthathweni kwezinqumo kwezezimali, okugcizelela isidingo sohlaka olucatshangelwe kabusha olunika amandla ohulumeni bendawo futhi lubandakanye kakhulu imiphakathi ezingxoxweni zesabelomali. Ngakho-ke, okutholakele kwagcizelela ukubaluleka kokwakhiwa kwamakhono nokuqiniswa kwezikhungo ezingeni lendawo, ukubhekana nezinselelo emisebenzini yezabasebenzi, ukuphathwa kwezimali, kanye nengqalasizinda yezobuchwepheshe. Ucwaningo luncoma ukungenelela okuhlosiwe ukuze kuthuthukiswe amakhono ohulumeni bendawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunomthelela ezisekelweni zenkolelombono yokuhlukaniswa kwesikhwama semali ngokukhuthaza indlela eqondene nomongo, ukuhlanganisa imibono yomphakathi, nokunikeza abenzi bezinqubomgomo umhlahlandlela osebenzayo wokuklama nokuqala ukusebenzisa izinqubomgomo eziphumelelayo ezihambisana namaqiniso kohulumeni bendawo. Ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yocwaningo, kunconywa ukuthi uMasipala Wesifunda WaseMgungundlovu usungule uhlaka olucacile nolungabandlululi lokuhlukaniswa kwezikhwama zemali olwenzelwe umongo walo oyingqayizivele wezenhlalo nezomnotho. Lolu hlaka kufanele lubhekane nezinkinga zokukhiqizwa kwemali engenayo, ukwabiwa, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemali, kanti futhi lugcizelela izindlela zokubusa okusobala nokubandakanyeka komphakathi.Item Advancing gross farming income sustainability of smallholder farmers in the Free State Province, South Africa.(2023) Moloabi, Badiri Victor Motlhabani.; Yalezo, Bhasela.The study aimed at advancing the Gross Farming Income (GFI) sustainability of smallholder farmers in Free State province (FS), South Africa (SA). While the official GFI in SA has experienced substantial growth over a number of years(DAFF, 2019b), its real value was on the decline, as its contribution to the agricultural value-added share of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) declined from 4,2% in 1994 to 1,9% in 2019 and resulting in a lag of 2.3% compared to the global average (DALRR, 2020a). The current GFI of the smallholder farmers in FS was also, low, and declining, with calculations showing similar trends to the national measurements. As the main source of income for farming households including smallholder farmers, it was on the decline from 2,7% in 2018, to 2,5% in 2019, 2,3% in 2020 and 2% in 2021 (Stats SA, 2019a, 2020c, 2021, 2022a). The study utilised a mixed methods approach. Data was collected through questionnaires and semi-structured interviews of 385 respondents, identifying detailed research questions, from the main and related objectives, and analysing these using descriptive, univariate, bivariate and multivariate techniques. The quantitative analysis phase indicated significant association of demographic and farming practice determinants, with the GFI of smallholders, while the qualitative analysis phase showed a significant association of the GFI, with strategies to commercialise, skills development support programmes and current sustainability practices linked to GFI models and frameworks. The study findings and results suggest a GFI Sustainability Framework and Model in FS, with farmers employing different farming practices, primarily growing vegetables for consumption and local sales, by diversifying their products, improving market connections, strengthening community ties, and using better record-keeping practices. The study recommends: policy-based and farm-level strategies with the positive implications of enhancing the economic well-being of smallholder farmers, creating more job opportunities, enhancing infrastructure, and facilitating market access. Iqoqa. Ucwaningo lwaluhlose ukuthuthukisa ukusimama kweSamba Esiphelele Semali Engenayo Kwezolimo, iGross Farming Income (GFI) kubalimi bamapulazi amancane eSifundazweni saseFree State (FS), eSouth Africa (SA). Nakuba i-GFI esemthethweni e-SA ibe nokukhula okukhulu eminyakeni eminingi (DAFF, 2019b), inani layo langempela lalehla, njengoba igalelo layo engxenyeni eyengeziwe yezolimo yoMkhiqizo Wezwe Ophelele Wonyaka, iGross Domestic Product (GDP) lehlile kusuka ema-4,2% ngowe-1994 kuya ema-1,9% ngowezi-2019 nokwaholela ekusaleleni emuva ngama-2.3% uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso somhlaba wonke (DALRR, 2020a). I-GFI yamanje yabalimi abancane e-FS nayo iphansi, futhi iyancipha, izibalo ziveza ukuthambekela okufanayo nezilinganiso zikazwelonke. Njengoba umthombo onqala wemali engenayo emindenini yabalimi ubandakanya nabalimi abancane, wancipha usuka ema-2,7% ngowezi-2018, waya ema-2,5% ngowezi-2019, ema-2,3% ngowezi-2020 nasema-2% ngowezi-2021 (Stats SA, 2019a, 2020c, 2021, 2022a). Ucwaningo lwasebenzisa uhlelo lwezindlela ezixubile. Imininingo yaqoqwa ngamaphephamibuzo nangezingxoxo ezihleliwe zababambiqhaza abangama-385, ukuhlonza imibuzo yocwaningo eningiliziwe, kusuka ezinhlosweni ezinqala nezihlobene, nokuhlaziya lokhu kusetshenziswa izindlela ezichazayo, ezihlangene, ezivivayo nezinhlobonhlobo. Isigaba sokuhlaziywa kobungako sabonisa ukuhambisana okuphawulekayo kwezimbangela zokuhleleka kwabantu nokulima kwabo kanye ne-GFI yabalimi bamapulazi amancane, kanti ngakulolu olunye uhlangothi isigaba sokuhlaziywa kobungako saveza ukuhlangana okuphawulekayo kwe-GFI, namasu okuhweba, izinhlelo zokusekela ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono kanye nezindlela zamanje zokusimama ezixhunywe kumamodeli nezinhlaka ze-GFI. Okutholakele ocwaningweni kanye nemiphumela kuphakamisa uHlaka neModeli Yokusimamisa i-GFI eFree State, lapho abalimi besebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokulima, ikakhulukazi ukutshala imifino ezodliwa nezodayiswa endaweni, ngokwenza imikhiqizo yabo ibe ngehlukahlukene, ukuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kwezimakethe, ukuqinisa ubudlelwane nemiphakathi, nokusebenzisa izindlela ezingcono zokugcina amarekhodi. Ucwaningo luncoma: amasu ancike kunqubomgomo nakwezamapulazi anemiphumela emihle yokuthuthukisa inhlalakahle yezomnotho yabalimi bamapulazi amancane, ukudala amathuba emisebenzi eyengeziwe, ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda, nokwenza kube lula ukufinyelela ezimakethe.Item A conceptual framework to address challenges facing female-owned agricultural cooperatives in Pietermaritzburg.(2023) Ndlovu, Silindile Goodness.; Nzimakwe, Thokozani Ian.The study investigated challenges encountered by small to medium-scale (primary to secondary level) female cooperatives in the agricultural sector in Pietermaritzburg. This research aimed to assess the challenges encountered by female entrepreneurs in the small to medium-scale agricultural sector in Pietermaritzburg in KwaZulu-Natal to present a conceptual framework to address the challenges encountered by female owned agricultural cooperatives in Pietermaritzburg. A qualitative methodology generated an in-depth understanding of the phenomenon under study. The researcher’s target population in this study was female owned cooperative enterprises in the agricultural sector in Pietermaritzburg. The sample for the study was selected through the purposive sampling method. Only 20 female-owned cooperatives out of 306 in the agricultural sector in Pietermaritzburg participated in the study. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were used to collect data on the challenges facing female entrepreneurs in the agricultural sector in Pietermaritzburg. Ten primary-level female-owned cooperatives and ten secondary-level female-owned cooperatives were selected to participate. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Study findings revealed that a lack of access to sufficient and productive land for expansion; a lack of skills; a demand for legal and regulatory frameworks; a lack of capital and markets and the issue of collateral availability; a lack of government support, a lack of infrastructure, a gap in understanding business culture; and poor value chain organisation affect female entrepreneurs in the small to medium-scale agricultural sector. These constraints presented a framework of barriers for female entrepreneurs in the small to medium-scale agricultural sector that must be addressed. This conceptual framework can be used towards the empowerment of women as a prerequisite for achieving inclusive growth or for promoting their services from primary to secondary cooperative level within the formal sector of the economy. Iqoqa Lolu cwaningo luhlole izingqinamba izinhlangano zabesifazane ezincane neziphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu emkhakheni wezolimo ePietermaritzburg ezibhekene nazo. Lolu cwaningo lwaluhlose ukuhlola ukuthi zingakanani izingqinamba ababhekene nazo emkhakheni wezolimo osomabhizinisi besifazane abanamapulazi amancane naphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu ePietermaritzburg KwaZulu-Natali, ukuze lwethule uhlaka olucatshangelwe oluzosiza ekubhekaneni nalezo zingqinamba ezihlangabezana nazo izinhlangano zezolimo zabesifazane ePietermaritzburg. Kwasetshenziswa indlela eyikhwalithethivu ukuze kuqondwe kabanzi le ndaba ecwaningwayo. Kulolu cwaningo, umcwaningi ubegxile kubabambiqhaza abangabesifazane emkhakheni wezolimo ePietermaritzburg. Isampula locwaningo bekungolwenhloso. Zingama-20 kuphela izinhlangano zobambiswano zabesifazane kwezingama-306 emkhakheni wezolimo ePietermaritzburg ezibambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo. Kusetshenziswe izingxoxo ezijulile ezisakuhleleka ukuze kuqoqwe imininingo emayelana nezingqinamba ababhekene nazo osomabhizinisi besifazane emkhakheni wezolimo ePietermaritzburg. Kwakhethwa izinhlangano zobambiswano zabesifazane eziyishumi ezisesigabeni sokuqala kanye neziyishumi ezakhiwa yizinhlangano zabesifazane ezisesigabeni esesithe thuthu ukuba zibambe iqhaza. Kwasetshenziswa ukuhluza ngokwezindikimba ukuhlaziya imininingo. Okutholakale kulolu cwaningo kwembula ukuthi ukuntuleka komhlaba owanele nokhiqizayo ukuze kukhuliswe ibhizinisi; ukuntuleka kwamakhono; izidingo zezinhlaka zezomthetho nezokulawula; ukuntuleka kwezimali nezimakethe okuzodayiswa kuzo nenkinga yokungabi nezibambiso ezingasetshenziselwa ukuboleka; ukuntuleka komxhaso kahulumeni, ukuntuleka kwezingqalasizinda, ukungakuqondi kahle ukuphathwa kwebhizinisi; nendlela yokusebenza kwebhizinisi lezolimo engahleliwe kahle kuba nemiphumela engemihle kosomabhizinisi besifazane abanamabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu emkhakheni wezolimo. Lezi zithiyo zethula uhlaka lwezingqinamba okumele kubhekwane nazo zosomabhizinisi besifazane bamabhizinisi amancane kuya kwaphakathi nendawo ngobukhulu emkhakheni wezolimo. Lolu hlaka olutuswayo lungasetshenziselwa ukukwenza kube yimfuneko yokuqala ukufukula abesifazane, ukuze kube nokukhula okubandakanya wonke umuntu noma ukuqhakambisa imisebenzi yabo kusukela esigabeni samabhizinisi obambiswano aqalisayo kanye nalawo asethe thuthu ayizinhlangano ezibambisene emkhakheni wezamabhizinisi abhalisiwe.Item Managing stakeholder complexities: a model to curb project cost overruns in the construction industry in South Africa=Ukulawula ubunkimbinkimbi kwalabo abanesabelo: Imodeli yokuthiba izindleko zephrojekthi ezigijimela phambili embonini yokwakha eNingizimu Afrika.(2022) Nyathi, Moses.; Proches, Cecile Naomi.; Taylor, Simon Michael.Project cost overruns present major economic problems for financiers, governments, clients, companies, the supply chain, and the community. Meeting the project’s budget is one of the major objectives in completing a project successfully, and the exhaustion of finances may result in project discontinuation. It is alarming that previous and current studies have shown on-going project cost overruns within the construction industry. Joint project interdependency complexities between diverse project stakeholders in the project life cycle are implicated as one of the major causes of project budget overruns. However, there has been limited research and available literature on project stakeholder complexities' impact on the project budget within the South African construction industry. Therefore, this study focused on project-stakeholder cost overruns causes and established the extent to which construction project managers can effectively and efficiently liaise with stakeholders to curb stakeholder complexities and cost overruns. Construction project managers registered with the Construction Professional board participated in this study. The mixed method research approach was employed for this study by integrating both quantitative and qualitative research paradigms in data collection and analysis to draw inferences. A quantitative research approach focused on positivism paradigm, which utilises mathematical procedures and methods to statically explain the research phenomena. A qualitative research approach focused on interpretivism paradigm, which draws research phenomena understanding, emanating from numerous behavioural trends, processes, reflections, cultural and social contexts. Concurrent triangulation design was used by simultaneously collecting and discussing quantitative and qualitative approaches, aimed to better understand the study of interest by comparing and contrasting study findings to produce well-validated conclusions. Here, online questionnaires and structured interviews were the applied data collection techniques guided by a pragmatism philosophical worldview. One-hundred and fifty-two online questionnaires were completed and analysed, using SPSS to obtain quantitative data. To obtain qualitative data, thirteen interviewees participated and NVivo was used to analyse transcribed responses. The findings showed that the number of projects completed and scope changes, are central to stakeholders-related complexities contributing to budget overruns. Furthermore, the findings showed that factors comprising incompetency, local community strikes or unrest, market conditions, South African regulatory framework, reworks and contract misunderstanding, significantly contribute to project budget overruns. An iterative project-stakeholder budget overrun mitigation model was developed, and a template incorporating all the stages of the construction project life cycle was included, which will be jointly used to alleviate project-stakeholder budget overruns. Iqoqo Izindleko zephrojekthi ezigijima phambili ezinkingeni ezinkulu ezikhona njengamanje kwabanikezela ngemali, ohulumeni, amakilayenti namabhizinisi. Ukubhekana nesabelomali sephrojekthi yikhona okuyizinhloso ezinkulu ekuqedeni iphrojekthi ngempumelelo kanye nokuqedwa amandla kwezimali okungaholela ekungaqhubekini kwephrojekthi. Kuyethusa ukuthi ocwaningweni olwedlule nolwamanje lukhombisa ukwedlulela kwezindleko eziqhubekayo zephrojekthi phakathi embonini yokwakha. Ubunkimbinkimbi obuhlangene nephrojekthi encikene phakathi kwabehlukene abathintekayo bephrojekthi kumzungezompilo wephrojekthi ongena njengenye yezimbangela ezinkulu zokwedlulela kwesabelomali sephrojekthi. Nakuba kunocwaningo olungenele nokubuyekezwa kwemibhalo okutholakele kumthelela wobunkimbinkimbi kwabathintekayo bephrojekthi kusabelomali yephrojekthi embonini yokwakha eNingizimu Afrika. Ngakho-ke, lolu cwaningo lugxile ekwedluleleni kwezimbangela zezindleko zabathintekayo kuyiphrojekthi nokwakhiwa kwezinga abaphathi bamaphrojekthi ezokwakha abangasebenzisana ngayo kahle nabathintekayo ukuze kuthitshwe ubunkimbinkimbi kwabathintekayo nokwedlulela kwezindleko. Abaphathi bamaphrojekthi ezokwakha babhalise nebhodi Labafundele Ukwakha, iConstruction Professional board ababambe iqhaza kulolu cwaningo. Lolu cwaningo lwalandela indlelakwenza yocwaningo endlelangxube kwaphinde kwsetshenziswa zombili izinjulalwazi eyocwaningobunjalo botho neyocwaningozinombolo ngenkathi kuqoqwa imininingo kanye nokuhlaziya ukuze kutholakale umqondo. Indlelakwenza yocwaningozinombolo yayigxile kwinjulalwazi iphozithivizimu, eyayisebenzisa izinkambiso zezibalo nezindlela ukuze ichaze ngokwezibalomidanti okuvelayo kocwaningo. Indlelakwenza yocwaningo locwaningo lobunjalo botho yayigxile kuyinjulalwazi yomhumusho, eholela ekuqondeni okuvezwa ucwaningo, okuvela ezinkambisweni eziningi zokuziphatha, izinqubo, ukubuyiseleka, izimo zenhlalo nesiko. Isifanekisomumo sendlelakwenza yocwaningo engxube eyenzeka sikhathisinye yasetshenziswa kanye kanye kuqoqwa kubuye kuxoxiswane ngezindlelakwenza zocwaningozinombolo nocwaningo lobunjalo botho, kuhloswe ukuqonda kangcono okuthandwa ucwaningo kuqhathaniswa kubuye kufananiswe okutholwe ucwaningo ukuze kukhiqizwe isiphetho esiqinisekile. Lapha kwasetshenziswa uhlu lwemibuzo lwe-inthanethi kanye nezimposambuzo ezisakuhleleka okwakungamaqhingakwenza asetshenziselwa ukuqoqa imininingo aqondiswa ukubukajikelele ngobunzululwazi bendlelakubuka yenjulalwazi yokungenzeka. Uhlu lwemibuzo lwe-inthanethi oluyikhulu namashumi amahlanu nambili lwagcwaliswa lwaphinde lwahlaziywa kusetshenziswa iSPSS ukuze kutholakale imininingo yocwaningozinombolo. Ukuze kutholakale imininingo yocwaningo lobunjalo botho, ababamba iqhaza babuzwa imibuzo baba ishumi nantathu lapho kwasetshenziswa iNVivo ukuhlaziya izimpendulo zokuloba okuqoshiwe. Okwtholwa ucwaningo kwakhombisa inani lamaphrojekthi aqedwa kanye nezinguqo zomklamo okuyikhona kungumongo kubunkimbinkimbi obuhlobene nathintekayo kwaneqhaza ekwedluleleni kwesabelomali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okwatholwa ucwaningo lwakhombisa izimo eziqukethe ezingenalo ikhono, iziteleka zendawo noma imibhikisho, izimo zezimakethe. Uphiko olushaya imithetho lwaseNingizimu Afrika, lusebenza kabusha luphinde lwakhe ukungaqondi, okuneqhaza ekwedluleleni kwesabelomali sephrojekthi. Kwasungulwa isabelomali sabathintekayo bephrojekthi ephindaphindekayo kokwedlulela kwimodeli yokuthambisa kuthambisa, kanye nokufakwa kwethemplethi ehlanganisa zonke izigaba zomjikelezo wempilo yephrojekthi yokwakha, ezazizostshenziswa ngokuhlanganyela ukudambisa ukwedlulela kwesabelomali sabathintekayo bephrojekthi.Item Developing an intelligence and security framework to counteract insurance fraud in the low income sector. The case of Zimbabwe=Ukwakha ubuhlakani nohlaka lwezokuphepha ukuze kuphikiswane nokukhwaniswa komshwayilense endaweni yabahola kancane. Ucwaningo luzokwenzelwa eZimbabwe .(2022) Nyangoni, Soul.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.This study explores avenues to develop a security and intelligence framework to counteract insurance fraud in the low-income sector in Zimbabwe. Insurance fraud, a threat to both national security and performance of the micro insurance industry, offering insurance services to low-income earners in Zimbabwe. The examination stretches from the causes of micro-insurance fraud to measures that can be fused with security intelligence to combat micro-insurance fraud. The framework of this study was a quantitative study, following stratified random sampling of three hundred and twenty-six participants. A structured questionnaire was deployed to collect primary data and complemented by interviews, focus groups and document inspection. The association between causes of insurance fraud, organised criminal syndicates, and low-income earners were investigated using structural equation modelling. The primary objective was to identify factors that enhance insurance fraud and measure the significance and causal effect of the identified variables. The response postulated that there are internal and external factors amongst them poor internal controls, lack of investment in artificial intelligence and poor human capital management systems which are being explored by organised crime syndicates to peddle micro insurance fraud. The internal and external factors work as an integrated front and the absence of one factor may negatively affect the decision to continue with the crime. In that regard, this study recommended the CEPSI strategy. The acronym CEPSI abbreviates for Customers, Employees, Participation, Systems and Intelligence and this is meant to overhaul microinsurance service provider’s operating systems. Conclusions were reached after synchronisation of primary and secondary data with research objectives. The CEPSI approach provide insurance firms with capabilities to detect, prevent, sanction, investigate, and remediate insurance fraud in the low-income sector of Zimbabwe. The focus is to equip the micro-insurance service providers with proactive capabilities meant to detect and thwart insurance fraud amongst policyholders, employees and organised crime syndicates by designing internal security measures fused with artificial intelligence to detect insurance fraud, educating the general public with regards to threats and consequences of insurance fraud and also working in liaison with security intelligence apparatus. Iqoqo Lolu cwaningo luzohlola imigudu yokwakha uhlaka lobuhlakani kanye nezokuphepha ukuze kuphikiswane nokukhwabaniswa kwemishwayilense endaweni yabahola kancane eZimbabwe. Ukukhwabaniswa komshwalense, ukusabisa kukho kokubili ezokuphepha kuzwelonke kanye nokusebenza kwemboni zomshwalense esencane, ukunikezela komsebenzi womshwalense kulabo abahola kancane eZimbabwe. Ukuhlola kuyodlulela nasezimbangeleni zokukhwabaniswa komshwalense okuncane kuye ezilinganisweni ezingahlanganiswa nobuhlakani bezokuphepha ukuze kuqedwe ukukhwabaniswa komshwalense omncane. Uhlaka lwalolu cwaningo kwakungolocwaningozinombolo, lulandela ukuqoka ngokohlelomkhakha okungahlelekile kwababambiqhaza abangamakhulu amathathu namashumi amabili nesithupha. Kwasetshenziswa uhlu lwemibuzo oluhleliwe ukuqoqa imininingo yokuqala kwahlanganiswa nezimposambuzo, amaqoqo azocwaningwa kanye nokuhlola imibhalo. Ukuhlobana phakathi kwezimbangela zokukhwabaniswa komshwalense, izinhlangano zobugebengu obuhleliwe kanye nabahola imali encane baphenywa kusetshenziswa imodelingi yesibalokulingana sesakhiwo. Inhlosongqangi yocwaningo kwakungukuhlonza izimo ezinokuthuthukisa ukukhwabaniswa komshwalense kanye nesilinganisi esimqoka nomphumela wamavariyebuli ahlonziwe. Impendulo yabeka ngokuyiqiniso ukuthi kunezimo zangaphandle nezangaphakathi phakathi kwezilawuli zangaphakathi ezimbi, ukungabibikho kophenyo kubuhlakani obungaziveleli kanye nezihlelo zokuphathwa kwengqalabhizinisi yabantu abaswele yahlolwa izinhlangano zobugebengu ezihlelelwe ukuthengisa ngokukhwabaniswa komshwalense osemncane. Izimo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle zibonakala zisebenza ngokuhlanganyela kodwa ngokungabibikho kwesimo esisodwa kungasiphazamisa kakhulu izinqumo sokuqhubeka nobugebengu. Ngaleyo ndlela, lolu cwaningo lwancoma isu iCEPSI. Isifinyezo iCEPSI sifinyeza Abathengi, Izisebenzi, Ukubamba iqhaza, Izinhlelo noBuhlakanikanti lokhu kwenzelwe ukulungisa kabusha izinhlelo zokusebenza kwabanikeza umsebenzi wemishwalense emincane. Kwafinyelelwa esiphethweni ngemuva kokuvumelanisa umniningo wokuqala nowesibili kanye nezinhloso zocwaningo. Indlela iCEPSI yanikezela ngamafemu omshwalense anokukwazi ukuthola, ukugwema, isijeziso, ukuphenya kanye nokulungisa ukukhwabaniswa komshwayilense endaweni yabahola kancane eZimbabwe. Okwakugxilwe kukho ukuhlomisa abancane abanikezela ngomsebenzi wokukhwabanisa umshwalense abanokukwazi ukuthola kanye nokuvimba ukukhwabaniswa komshwalense phakathi kwabanikazi benqubomgomo, izisebenzi kanye nezinhlangano zobugebengu obuhleliwe ngokuthi kusungulwe izinyathelo zokuphepha zangaphakathi zihlanganiswe nezobuhlakani obenziwe ukuze kutholwe ukukhwabaniswa komshwalense, ukufundiswa komphakathi owejwayelekile mayelana nokwesabisa kanye nemiphumela yokukhwabaniswa komshwalense kanye nokusebenza ngokuxhumana nezinsizakusebenza zezobuhlakani bezokuphepha.Item The impact of the coronavirus on electronic commerce among small and medium enterprises in Gauteng=Umthelela wobhubhane lwecorona ekuhwebeni ngobuchwepheshe mayelana namabhizinisi asafufusa eGauteng.(2023) Ramsern, Atlanta.; Govender, Krishna Kistan.During the Covid-19 pandemic, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) have had to shift business operations to online, due to government restrictions. The urgency to change to a digital model caused many SMEs to be challenged by one or more of the four e-commerce resources to complete an e-commerce transaction, namely usage of reliable broadband, e-shop of products, digital payment, and logistics to the consumer. The literature revealed that SMEs lacked the infrastructure to support the digital transformation into a successful business model and had to close their businesses. This mixed-methods study addressed this gap by using constructs in the resource-based theory and dynamic capabilities theory. A conceptual model was developed which depicted the relationship between the e-commerce resources and e-commerce growth which was moderated by dynamic capabilities. Several hypotheses were postulated in the conceptual framework and data was collected from the SME owners in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The simple random sampling technique was used to survey 307 retail SMEs in Edenvale, Gauteng. The survey was distributed via email to the SMEs that were alluded in the study. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis was used to analyse the data that was collected through the survey, using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences and tested using Structural Equation Modelling. Purposive sampling was used for the qualitative study and the semistructured interviews were conducted with 13 SME owners, to gain an in-depth understanding of the factors that impacted their e-commerce growth. Thematic analysis, via Microsoft excel, was used to analyse the transcripts by focusing on identifying and arranging the codes and patterns. The findings revealed that digital payments and logistics were significant predictors of e-commerce growth during the pandemic and dynamic skill capabilities moderated the relationship between digital payments and e-commerce growth. However, the usage of broadband and e-shop features were not significant in predicting the growth of e-commerce. It was ascertained through the interviews, that there is a favourable impact on the growth of e-commerce among SMEs that invested in unique resources and capabilities, since only those SMEs that had the resources and capabilities managed to survive during the pandemic. Iqoqa Ngesikhathi sobhubhane lweCovid-19, amabhizinisi amancane naphakathi nendawo azithola eseshintsha ukusebenza kwebhizinisi ngokulifaka kubuchwepheshe ngenxa yezivimbelo zikahulumeni. Isigubhukane sama-SME ukushintshela esifanekisweni sobuchwepheshe ukwenza uhwebo, kuphenduke inselelo enkulu. Ama-SME amaningi aphonselwa inselelo eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kwezinsiza ezine ze-e-commerce ukuze aqedele umsebenzi we-e-commerce, okuwukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-broadband, i-e-shop yemikhiqizo namasevisi, ukukhokha kwedijithali, kanye nokuphathwa kwempahla kumthengi. Imibhalo iveza ukuthi ama-SMEs antula ingqalasizinda ukusekela impumelelo yoguquko lobuchwepheshe. Ngakho-ke, lolu cwaningo luphenya izinselelo ezahaqa ama-SMEs ngesikhathi kusetshenziswa izizinda zobuchwepheshe bebhizinisi ngesikhathi sobhubhane lwe-Covid-19. Yize sekukhulunyiwe ngezinto ezithinta uhwebo ngobuchwepheshe, imibhalo ayikwazanga ukukulungisa okumayelana nokusetshenziswa kwenjulalwazi yohwebo ngobuchwepheshe ngesikhathi sobhubhane. Le ndlela exubile yocwaningo isingatha lesi sikhala ngokusebenzisa okwakhiwe ngokwenjulalwazi ngokwamasu kanye nenjulalwazi yamandla obukhono. Isifanekiso somqondo sathuthukiswa esibhula ubudlelwano phakathi kwamasu ohwebo ngobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhula kohwebo ngobuchwepheshe okwalungiswa ngokwamandla obukhono. Isigejana semicabango engafakazelwanga kwathathwa njenento ekhona ohlakeni lomqondo kanye nokuqoqwa kolwazi kubanikazi bamabhizinisi esifundazweni saseGauteng eNingizimu Afrikha. Okubizwa nge-random sampling kwasetshenziswa ukwaba imibuzo kusetshenziswa ama-email enanini elinga-307 lwama-SMEs e-Edenvale, Gauteng. Uhlaziyo oluqondiswayo ngezinombolo, ngesifanekiso sohlaka ngezinombolo kwasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya ulwazi olwaqoqwa ngokomklamo. Isampula eliqondiwe lasetshenziswa ngokwekhwalithethivu, neziphathimandla eziyi-13 zabuzwa ukuthola ingqikithi yezizathu ezinomthelela ekukhuleni kohwebo ngobuchwepheshe. Uhlaziyo ngokwegqikithi lwasetshenziswa ukuhlaziya okubhaliwe kanye nokugqolozela izifanekiso. Okutholiwe kuveza ukuthi ukukhokha ngobuchwepheshe kanye nezokuthutha kwabaluleka ngesikhathi sobhubhane kanye nobukhono obusabalele ukulungisa ubudlelwane phakathi kokukhokha ngobuchwepheshe kanye nokukhula kohwebo ngobuchwepheshe. Yize kunjalo ukusetshenziswa kwamakhonokhono kanye nezimpawu zobuchwepheshe besitolo akuzange kubaluleke okuqaguleni ukukhula kohwebo ngobuchwepheshe. Kwaqinisekisa ngokwezingxoxombuzo, ukuthi kunesimo esicindezela ukukhula kohwebo ngokubuchwepheshe phakathi kwama-SMEs kulabo abatshale ngamasu angandile kanye nobukhono, njengoba lawo ma-SMEs abenamacebo kanye nobukhono bakwazi ukuphila ngezikhathi ezinzima.Item Leadership coaching in a multigenerational workforce – a case in the engineering sector = Ukuqeqeshwa kobuholi kubasebenzi bezizukulwane ngezizukulwane – ucwaningo lokwenzakala emkhakheni wobunjiniyela.(2023) Strickland, Michelle Eunice.; Martins, Ana Maria De Azevedo.In the current volatile, uncertain, complex, and ambiguous environment, the case in this study, an engineering consulting organisation based in KwaZulu-Natal, has found itself navigating the COVID-19 pandemic, the Fifth Industrial Revolution, and a multigenerational workforce. Faced with these dynamic shifts, leadership has needed to cope with the various impacts. Intrinsically, leaders have needed to be aware of themselves, of their strengths, opportunities, and challenges that could be associated with these different contextual shifts. Furthermore, the leadership team has been required to cultivate a robust pipeline of future leaders from a multigenerational team. The purpose of the study was to explore leadership coaching readiness to harness new leadership skills, which would enable leaders to improve on their emotional intelligence skills in order to bridge generational gaps. The research was underpinned by a qualitative exploratory research methodology using participatory action research. The strategy was to use a case study with a phenomenological philosophy. Through purposive sampling and use of primary data collection methods, namely, interviews, focus groups, and observations, the objectives were met. Desktop research was conducted to review the extant literature. The thematic analysis tool, NVivo, was used and triangulation of the data sets was implemented. A specific leadership coaching model, crafted for the organisation being studied, included an emotional intelligence element, which resulted in an innovative approach to accelerate the development of future leadership in a multigenerational workforce and which also contributes to the existing body of knowledge. The study highlighted that the expression and appraisal of emotions, use of emotions in decision-making, knowledge of emotions, and management of moods or emotions are critical aspects of emotional intelligence, and, if brought into a coaching intervention, can benefit the leadership and organisation. The recommendations are: the addition of a mentoring element; team coaching interventions to bring the multigenerational workforce together in order to build on relationships; and developing an understanding of the learning gained to ensure the transference of skills to the younger generation, thereby enabling them to work toward professional registration. These recommendations would enhance employee engagement and retention. Iqoqa. Endaweni eguquguquka ngokushesha, enganasiqiniseko, eyinkimbikimbi futhi edidayo, udaba kulolu cwaningo, inhlangano ebonisana ngobunjiniyela ezinze KwaZulu-Natali, izithole idlula obhubhaneni lweKhovidi-19, Uguquko Lwezimboni Lwesihlanu kanye nabasebenzi bezizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Kubhekenwe nalezi zinguquko ezinamandla, ubuholi kudingeke bumelane nemithelela eyahlukene. Ngaphakathi, abaholi kudingeke ukuba baziqaphele bona luqobo, ngamandla abo, amathuba nezinselelo ezingahambisana nalezi zinguquko ezahlukeke zesimo. Phezu kwalokho, ithimba lobuholi kudingeke ukuba lilungiselele inkunzi esematholeni yabaholi bangomuso ethimbeni lezizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Inhloso yalolu cwaningo bekungukuhlola ukuma ngomumo kokuqeqesha ubuholi ukuba kulolongwe amakhono obuholi obusha, okuzonika amandla abaholi ukuba benze kangcono amakhono abo obuhlakani bemizwa ukuze kuvaleke amageba ezizukulwaneni. Ucwaningo lwesekelwe yindlela yocwaningo yokuhlola ikhwalithethivu kusetshenziswa ukubamba iqhaza ngokwenza. Iqhinga bekungukusebenzisa udaba locwaningo ngephilosofi yefenomenoloji. Ngamalinge anenhloso nokusebenzisa izindlelangqangi ukuqoqa imininingo, okungukuthi, inhlolombono, ukugxila emaqenjini nokubona, izinhloso zafezeka. Ucwaningo lweDeskthophu lwenziwa ukubukeza imibhalo esikhona. Ithuluzi lokuhlaziya ingqikithi, iNVivo, lasetshenziswa futhi nonxantathu wamasethi emininingo aqaliswa. Indlelakwenza ekhethekile yokuqeqesha ubuholi, yenzelwa inhlangano ecwaningwayo, ibandakanye into yobuhlakani bomuzwa, okuholele endleleni entsha yokuphuthumisa ukuthuthukiswa kobuholi bangomuso ezisebenzini zezizukulwane ngezizukulwane futhi ebuye ibambe iqhaza esiqukathini esikhona solwazi. Ucwaningo lugqamise ukuthi ukuvezwa nokuhlolwa kwemizwa, ukusetshenziswa kwemizwa ekuthatheni izinqumo, ulwazi lwemizwa nokulawulwa komqondomizwa noma imizwa kuyizinto ezibalulekile zobuhlakani bomuzwa, futhi uma kufakwa ekungeneleni kokuqeqesha, kungazuzisa ubuholi nenhlangano. Izincomo yilezi: ukwengezwa kwento yokufundisa, ukungenela kwethimba labaqeqeshi ukuhlanganisa ndawonye abasebenzi bezizukulwane ngezizukulwane ukuze kwakheke ebudlelwaneni; nokuthuthukisa ukuqonda kokufunda okuzuziwe ukuqinisekisa ukucobelelana ngamakhono esizukulwaneni esisakhula, ngaleyo ndlela kwenze bakwazi ukusebenzela ekubhalisweni kongoti. Lezi zincomo zizokwenza ngcono ukuzibandakanya komsebenzi nokugcineka.Item A sustainability model for agricultural cooperatives in KwaZulu-Natal = Imodeli yokusimamisa imifelanawomye yezolimo KwaZulu-Natali.(2023) Buthelezi, Sifiso Wiseman.; Taylor, Simon Michael.; Tefera, Orthodox.The high attrition and stagnant rate of agricultural cooperatives in the Province of KwaZulu Natal has raised concerns, given that they are recognised globally and in South Africa for their significant role in promoting impoverished communities' social and economic development. This challenge has become a threat to community development by hampering the growth of the agricultural cooperatives. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the challenges that hinder the growth of agricultural cooperatives and assess factors that contribute to their growth. The study utilised clustered sampling to ensure the representation of all districts and was conducted in nine districts of KwaZulu-Natal Province. The sample comprised 367 respondents who were members of agricultural cooperatives from 99 cooperatives in the province. Quantitative research was employed using questionnaires, and the data were analysed using SPSS (Version 25.0.). Sustainability models used in the study included pictorial visualization, quantitative, physical, conceptual, standardising, egg of sustainability, and prism models. The literature gap in a sustainability model that considers the combined behaviour of resource management, good governance, sustainability monitoring, market access, and social and economic aspects in agricultural cooperatives has been addressed. The study revealed several factors contributing to agricultural cooperatives' demise, including a lack of good governance, leadership, technical skills, business management expertise, conflict management abilities, cohesion among members, and sustainable farming methods. These deficiencies suggest that the agricultural cooperatives under review could be more sustainable. Therefore, the study recommends adherence to cooperative principles, capacity building of cooperatives in all aspects of business, including environmental training, the appointment of boards to inculcate governance systems, the institutionalisation of social responsibility programs, and redefining the government's relationship with agricultural cooperatives. The study contributes to the body of knowledge by developing a model that enhances the sustainability of agricultural cooperatives in KwaZulu-Natal, thereby increasing their success rate. Iqoqa. Izinga eliphezulu lokuntengantenga kanye nezinga elimile lemifelandawonye yezolimo esiFundazweni saKwaZulu-Natali sekuphakamise ukukhathazeka, njengoba yaziwa emhlabeni jikelele naseNingizimu Afrikha ngeqhaza layo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imiphakathi entulayo nentuthuko yezomnotho. Le nselelo isiphenduke ingozi ekuthuthukisweni komphakathi ngokukhinyabeza ukukhula kwemifelandawonye yezolimo. Ngokunjalo, lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuphenya ngezinselelo ezithikameza ukukhula kwemifelandawonye yasemapulazini kanye nokuhlola izinto ezinomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwawo. Ucwaningo lusebenzise amasampula ahlanganisiwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukumelwa kwazo zonke izifunda. Lwenziwa ezifundeni eziyisishiyagalolunye zesiFundazwe saKwaZulu-Natali. Isampula lalinabahlanganyeli abangama-367 ababengamalungu emifelandawonye yezolimo engama-99 esifundazweni. Ucwaningo lwekhwantithethivu lusetshenziswe kusetshenziswa uhlu lwemibuzo, futhi imininingo yahlaziywa kusetshenziswa i-SPSS (Inguqulo 25.0). Izindlela zokusimama ezisetshenziswe ocwaningweni zifaka ukubonwa kwesithombe, ubuningi, ngokomzimba, umqondo, ukulinganisa, iqanda lokusimama, nezindlela ezimbili eziphikisanayo. Isikhala esikhona kwezocwaningo ngendlela yokusimama ukucubungula ukuziphatha okuhlangene kokuphathwa kwezinsiza, ukubusa okuhle, ukuqapha ukusimama, ukufinyeleleka kwezimakethe, nohlelo lozomnotho yemifelandawonye yezolimo sekubhekwana nayo. Ucwaningo luveze izinto eziningi ezidala ukushabalala kwemifelandawonye yezolimo, okuhlanganisa ukuntuleka kokubusa okuhle, ubuholi, amakhono ezobuchwepheshe, ubuhlakani bokuphatha amabhizinisi, amakhono okulawula ukungqubuzana, ukubumbana kwamalungu kanye nezindlela zokulima ezisimeme. Lokhu kushoda kusikisela ukuthi imifelandawonye yezolimo ebuyekezwayo ingase isimame. Ngakho-ke, ucwaningo lutusa ukulandelwa kwezimiso zomifelandawonye, ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono yemifelandawonye kuzona zonke izigaba zebhizinisi, okuhlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa, ukuqokwa kwamabhodi azogxilisa izinhlelo zokuphatha, ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zokuzibophezela komphakathi, kanye nokuchaza kabusha ubudlelwano bukahulumeni namadlelandawonye ezolimo. Lolu cwaningo lunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kolwazi ngokuqhamuka nendlela ethuthukisa ukusimama kwemifelandawonye yabalimi KwaZulu-Natali, ngaleyo ndlela kwenyuse izinga lempumelelo yayo.Item Aligning information and communication technology strategies with Ethekwini municipality’s strategic objectives for service delivery.(2023) Dlamini, Zandile Virtue.; Majola, Priscilla Xoliswa.In the realm of municipal governance, the rapid integration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has introduced new opportunities and challenges. A critical challenge is the misalignment between strategic objectives and ICT strategies within municipalities, as exemplified by eThekwini municipality in South Africa. The primary purpose of this research was to investigate the pivotal role of strategic alignment in shaping ICT implementation for effective service delivery within eThekwini municipality. The aim was to provide insights and solutions to bridge the gaps between ICT and municipal strategy alignment. A mixed methods approach was employed in this study, combining qualitative and quantitative techniques in a convergent parallel design. The questionnaires used in the study were meticulously aligned with the research's specific objectives. A census approach was adopted to collect quantitative and qualitative data gathered through purposive sampling. The research identified a key issue as limited executive involvement in developing the municipality's ICT strategy, resulting in a misalignment between the strategy and the overarching municipal goals. This misalignment risks suboptimal decision-making based solely on operational inputs. This finding underscores the critical need for strategic alignment between municipal objectives and ICT strategies in eThekwini municipality. The municipality should thus prioritise the development of a comprehensive ICT strategy that aligns seamlessly with its overarching objectives. This strategy should be crafted with active involvement from key stakeholders, outlining clear goals and action plans aimed at harnessing technology for efficient service delivery. To ensure effective alignment, robust ICT governance structures and decision-making processes must be established. These changes will not only enhance service delivery to the community, but also promote a transparent, efficient, and technology-enabled governance approach. Iqoqa. Esimweni sokuphathwa komasipala, ukuhlanganiswa okuphuthumayo kolwazi nobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana okwaziwa nge-Information and Communication Technology (ICT) sekuveze amathuba nezinselelo ezintsha. Inkinga enkulu ukungahambisani okukhona phakathi kwezinhloso zokuqhubela umsebenzi phambili kanye nezinhlelo ze-ICT ngaphakathi komasipala, njengoba kubonakala kumasipala weTheku eNingizimu Afrika. Yize sekucishe kuphele amashuminyaka amabili okukhula kwezobuchwepheshe, umasipala weTheku usalokhu ubhekene nezingqinamba zokuhambisa ezobuchwepheshe ngendlela efanele. Umnyombo wenkinga ukungabi khona kokuhambisana okungenazihibe phakathi kukamasipala weTheku kanye nezinhlelo ze-ICT. Lokhu kungahambisani sekuholele ekuhlulekeni ukuhambisa izinsiza emphakathini, ukungaphathwa kahle kwezimali kanye nokwehla kwezinga lokuthenjwa wumphakathi. Inhlosongqangi yalolu cwaningo wukuthola iqhaza elingabanjwa wukuba khona kokubambisana ukuze kusebenziseke eze-ICT ngendlela efanele ezosiza ukuhambisa izidingo emphakathini ngempumelelo. Inhloso wukuletha ukuqonda kangcono nezixazululo ukuze kuvalwe igebe lokungahambisani phakathi kwe-ICT kanye nezinhlelo zokuphatha umasipala. Kwasetshenziswa indlela yokucwaninga engxube, ehlanganisa ucwaningozibalo kanye nocwaningonto okubandakanya ukuqoqa imininingo, ukuqhathanisa kanye nokuhlaziya okunzulu. Uhlumibuzo olwasetshenziswa kulolu cwaningo lwenziwa lwahambisana nezinhloso zocwaningo ngokucophelela. Kwasetshenziswa indlela yobalobantu ekuqoqeni imininingo ngokwekhwantithethivu kanti imininingo ngokwekhwalithethivu yaqoqwa ngokuqoka ababambiqhaza ngokwenhloso. Ucwaningo lwavundulula okubaluleke kakhulu njengokugqoza kokuzibandakanya kweziphathimandla ekwakhiweni kwesu lezobuchwepheshe kumasipala. Lokhu kudala ukungaxhumani phakathi kwesu lezokuxhumana nezinhlosongqangi zokusebenza kukamasipala. Lokhu kungaxhumani nokungahambisani kukhinyabeza izinga lokuthathwa kwezinqumo. Le miphumela iqhakambisa isidingo esinqala sokuthi kube nokuxhumana phakathi kwezinhloso zikamasipala kanye namasu ezokuxhumana kumasipala weTheku. Lo masipala kumele ubeke phambili ukubunjwa kwesu le-ICT elinzulu elizohambisana nezinhloso zokusebenza kukamasipala ngokungenazihibe. Lelo lisu kumele libunjwe ngokuhlanganyela nabo bonke abathintekayo njengababambiqhaza, kubekwe obala izinjongo ezicacile, nohlelo lokusebenza oluhlose ukukhulisa ubuchwepheshe ukuze kuphumelele ukuhanjiswa kwezidingo kubantu. Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu kuxhumana kuyaphumelela, izinhlaka zokuphatha i-ICT kumele ziqine kanti makwakhiwe nezindlela zokuthatha izinqumo eziqinile. Lolu shintsho akukona nje ukuthi luyothuthukisa ukuhanjiswa kwezinsiza okufanele emphakathini kuphela, kodwa kuyothuthukisa ukusebenza okuveza izinto obala, okuhamba ngendlela efanele, kanye nendlela yokubusa egabe ngezobuchwepheshe.Item Leveraging cultural tourism for sustainable and participative local economic development in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) province, South Africa = Ukulawula ezokuvakasha zamasiko ukusimamisa nokuthuthukisa ezomnotho ngokubambisana nemiphakathi esifundazweni saKwaZulu-Natal, eSouth Africa.(2023) Cele, Yvonne Celinhlanhla.; Yalezo, Bhasela.Item Towards a renewable energy framework for poverty reduction in South African townships: a case of south-west township (Soweto) = Ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwamandla avuselelekayo ukwehlisa ububha emalokishini aseNingizimu Afrikha: ucwaningo lwase Soweto.(2023) Gina, Mondli.; Mutambara, Emmanuel.Poverty is one of the world’s most fundamental issues negatively impacting livelihoods, with South Africa experiencing high poverty levels. Central to addressing basic human needs towards poverty eradication lies the provision of renewable energy. Poverty can be addressed through access to energy sources that are modern, clean, and affordable. Therefore, energy is necessary for meeting basic human needs and a prerequisite for economic development. The study investigated the ways and extent to which a move towards cheap and clean renewable energy for poor communities contributed towards poverty reduction in an urban context. The purpose of the study was to develop a renewable energy framework for poverty reduction in South African townships, focusing on the Soweto township as a case study. The study employed a mixed research design that included quantitative and qualitative methods. Quantitative data was gathered from a stratified random sample size of 384 respondents selected from a target population of Soweto residents at Dobsonville neighbourhood. Questionnaires were distributed through electronic mail and self-administered questionnaire. Qualitative data was gathered through interviews from a sample of 15 purposively selected participants. Interviews were analysed using conversational analysis and the data collected from the interviews were merged with the questionnaire data, seeking depth as well as breadth. The thematic analysis was the process used to identify patterns or themes within qualitative data. Data collected from respondents was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. The tool utilised to analyse quantitative data was the latest Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The study findings revealed that the implementation of renewable energy technologies in South Africa will help alleviate poverty, improve the socio-economic status of citizens, enhance economic growth and save the environment. The study recommended a framework for clean and affordable renewable energy as a poverty reduction strategy in Soweto township. Further recommendations were that the South African government should provide the citizens with affordable renewable energy equipment, such as solar panels to those that are regarded as poor and provide incentives to those that install solar panels in their household. Iqoqa. Ububha ngenye yezinkinga ezinqala emhlabeni eziba nomthelela empilweni, ikakhulu eNingizimu Afrikha ebhekene namazinga aphezulu enhlupheko. Okusemqoka ukubhekana nezidingo ukuxazulula ububha, ilele ekulethweni kwamandla avuselelekayo. Ububha bungaxazululwa ngokuthi kulethwe izingqalasizinda zikagesi esikhathini samanje, ezicocekile nezingaduli. Ngakho ugesi ubalulekile ukubhekana nezidingo zabantu kanye nokufukula umnotho. Ucwaningo lucwaninga izindlela nezinga lokulethwa kukagesi oshibhile nococekile ukwehlisa ububha emiphakathini entulayo emadolobheni. Inhloso yocwaningo kube ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lohlaka lwamandla avuselelekayo ukwehlisa inhupheko emalokishini aseNingizimu Afrikha, kugxilwe eSoweto njengendawo yocwaningo. Ucwaningo lusebenzise uhlelo lokucwaninga oluxubile oluxube ikhwantithethivu nendlela yekhwalithethivu. Imininingo yekhwantithethivu iqoqwe kusetshenziswa isampula engahleliwe (stratified random sample) kubabambi qhaza benani lama-384 bethathwe emphakathini wase Sowetho, izakhamuzi zase Dobsonville. Izinhlolombuzo zathunyelwa ngombikombane kanye nezinhlolombuzo abaziphendulele zona ababambiqhaza. Izingxoxo zihlaziywe kusetshenziswa ukuhlaziya ingxoxo kanti imininngo eqoqwe ezingxoxweni ihlanganiswe nemininingo yenhlololwazi, ngenhloso yokuthola ukujula nokuzika kolwazi. Ukuhlaziywa kwemininingo ngokwezindikimba kuhlelwe ngokusebenzisa izindikimba ezijwayelekile emininingweni yekhwalithethivu. Imininingo eqoqwe kubahlanganyeli ihlaziywe kusetshenziswa amasu ezibalo ezichazayo nezingenangqondo (descriptive and inferential statistical techniques). Ithuluzi elisetshenziswe uhuhlaziya imininingo yekhwantithethivu kube iStatistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ukulandelwa kobuchwepheshe bamandla avuselelekayo eNingizimu Afrikha kuzoqeda ububha, kuthuthukise isimo somnotho-nhlalo sezakhamuzi, kufukule umnotho nentuthuko kuhlenge nemvelo. Ucwaningo luphethe ngokuthuthukisa uhlaka lukagesi ococekile, noshibhile ukwehlisa ububha elokishini laseSoweto. Ezinye iziphakamiso kube ukuthi uHulumeni waseNingizimu Afrikha awuthuthukise ugesi oshibhile njengamaphaneli elanga kulabo abahluphekayo ebese kuhlonyuliswa labo abafaka lamaphaneli elanga.Item Strategies to reduce the emigration of engineering professionals in the South African petroleum refining industry=Amasu okunciphisa ukufuduka koNjiniyela embonini yokuColisisa iPhethroliyamu eNingizimu Afrika.(2023) Ngonyoza, Ntsikelelo Sipho.; Pelser, Theuns.; Chummun, Bibi Zaheenah.The South African refining companies have been losing experienced engineers, due to emigration, which has negatively impacted the refinery Operations. This study aimed to explore the factors that affect the emigration of engineers working in the South African petroleum refining industry. The study used a mixed method approach combining qualitative and quantitative research techniques using structured, in-depth interviews and an electronic survey questionnaire. The study participants were refinery engineers with a formal engineering diploma or degree from a recognized University or University of Technology. The findings revealed that more than half of the engineers had a positive emigration potential and were actively applying for jobs overseas (56% for interviews and 52% for the surveys). The preferred emigration destinations were the Middle East and Europe for a duration of 5 years. The engineers were Millennials, aged between 31-36 years with 5-15 years’ work experience. The emigration drivers were a rapidly deteriorating macroeconomic climate resulting in a higher cost of living and unhappiness at work due to poor career advancement, poor work-life balance, and a perceived inaccurate and unreliable performance appraisal system where promotions and recognition awards were affected by manager bias. Some recommendations were to have clear career progression paths incorporating job redesign strategies, reduce appraiser bias in the performance appraisal process, incorporate appraisee feedback, and review company benefits to ensure they meet the work-life balance needs of a changing workforce. The study has contributed to the body knowledge by developing a method to measure the emigration potential of petrochemical refining engineers and plot it on an emigration potential matrix. As well as to better understand the critical factors that lead to a positive emigration potential and propose strategies to reduce it by implementing the developed emigration potential reduction framework. Iqoqa Izinkampani zokucolisisa eNingizimu Afrika zilahlekelwa onjiniyela abanohlonze ngenxa yokufuduka, okunomthelela omubi ezimbonini zokucolisisa. Lolu cwaningo lwaluhlose ukubhekisisa izinto ezithinta ukufuduka konjiniyela abasebenza ezimbonini zokucolisisa uwoyela eNingizimu Afrika. Ucwaningo lwasebenzisa indlelakwenza engxube ebandakanya amasu ocwaningo lobunjalonto nenanikubala kusetshenziswa inhlwayalwazi ehlelekile kanye nohlumibuzo oluyisaveyi lwezobuchwepheshe. Ababambiqhaza kwaba onjiniyela kwezokucolisisa abanediploma noma iziqu zedegree zasenyuvesi noma enyuvesi yezobuchwepheshe.6 Imiphumela yocwaningo yaveza ukuthi bangaphezulu kukahhafu onjiniyela okungenzeka bafuduke kanti basembhidlangweni wokufaka izicelo zokuyosebenza phesheya kwezilwandle (56% abenhlwayalwazi kanye nama-52% abesaveyi). Izindawo zokufudukela ezithandwayo yiMiddle East kanye neYurophu lapho besebenza khona iminyaka emihlanu. Onjiniyela laba baphakathi kweminyaka engama-31 kuya ema-36 kanti banolwazi lomsebenzi lweminyaka ephakathi kwemi-5 kuya kweyi-15. Okuyimbangela yofuduko yisimo somnotho esiya ngokuya sintengantenga esidala impilo ibize kakhulu, ukungajabuli emsebenzini ngenxa yokuncipha kwamathuba okukhushulwa, ukungazinzi phakathi kwempilo nomsebenzi, uhlelo lokubheka ukuthi umuntu usebenze kanjani olunganembi futhi olungathembekile kanye nokuklonyeliswa kokwenza kahle emsebenzini okuncike ekuchemeni kwezimenenja. Ezinye zezincomo zibandakanya ukuqinisekisa ukuba khona kwendlela ecacile yokuqhubekela phambili emsebenzini ezobandakanya amasu okuhlela kabusha umsebenzi, ukuncipha kokuchema uma kuhlolwa ukuthi abantu basebenze kanjani, ukufaka nokuthi angathuthuka kanjani okade ehlolwa, nokubhekisisa izinzuzo enkampanini ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ziyahambisana nezidingo zabasebenzi abashintshashintshayo. Lolu cwaningo lunikelile emthamweni wolwazi ngokuqhamuka nendlela yokukala umuzwa wokufuduka konjiniyela embonini yokucolisisa uwoyela nokuyibumba ihambisane nesimo somnyombo wokufuduka. Ucwaningo luphinde lwanikela ngokuqondisiseka kabanzi kwezinto ezibalulekile eziholela ekufiseni ukufuduka kanti luphinde lwaphakamisa namasu angasetshenziswa ekunciphiseni lokhu ngokusebenzisa uhlaka lokunciphisa ukufuduka osekubunjiwe.